Paper on environmental impact assessment of high-scoring real estate projects

Environmental Impact Assessment of Real Estate Construction Projects in China

The concept of environmental impact assessment was introduced into China from 1973 1 National Environmental Protection Conference. Experts and scholars from some universities and scientific research institutions advocate environmental impact assessment in newspapers and academic conferences, and take the lead in environmental quality assessment. In June1979165438+10, the Environmental Quality Assessment Committee of China Environment Society compiled the Reference Outline of Environmental Quality Assessment, which provided a method for studying environmental quality assessment in various places. 1979 In September, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Environmental Protection (for Trial Implementation) was promulgated, which stipulated: "All enterprises and institutions must pay attention to preventing environmental pollution and destruction in site selection, design, construction and production. In the process of new construction, renovation and expansion projects, an environmental impact report must be submitted, and the design can only be carried out after approval by the competent department of environmental protection and other relevant departments. " At this point, China's environmental impact assessment system was formally established [1].

From the development of China's environmental impact assessment system, we can see that China's construction projects are mainly from industrial construction projects (pollution) into the environmental impact assessment system management, and then gradually extended to ecological construction projects, while real estate construction projects have never had a unified environmental management model. It was not until 1998 "Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects" was promulgated that the State Environmental Protection Administration clearly included real estate development projects in the scope of environmental impact assessment of construction projects in the Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (for Trial Implementation) [2] formulated by 1999, and classified management was carried out according to the occupied area or construction area of real estate construction projects. 200 1 The State Environmental Protection Administration revised the Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (No.1 batch) in response to the implementation of the Trial Catalogue and the feedback from relevant departments [3]. At present, the environmental management of real estate construction projects in China is classified according to the provisions of Catalogue 1. That is, an environmental impact report should be prepared for a building area of more than 50,000 square meters, an environmental impact report should be prepared for a building area of more than 5,000 square meters, and an environmental impact registration form should be prepared for a building area of less than 5,000 square meters.

1, evaluation method

1. 1 technical method of evaluation

Since 1979 established the environmental impact assessment system in China, a lot of research has been done on the technical methods of environmental impact assessment of construction projects. 1993 the former state environmental protection bureau issued the technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment (general outline, atmospheric environment, surface water environment) on the basis of summarizing many years of practical experience, which stipulated the general principles, methods, contents and requirements of environmental impact assessment for construction projects. It is mainly applicable to the evaluation of industrial construction projects (pollution). The evaluation focuses on the analysis, prediction and evaluation of the possible environmental impact after the implementation of the construction project, and puts forward the countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate the adverse environmental impact.

With the increasing number of pollution-free ecological construction projects, China has strengthened the research on environmental impact assessment of pollution-free ecological construction projects. 1997 The State Environmental Protection Administration issued the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Non-polluting Ecological Impact, which clarified the methods and requirements of the technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment of non-polluting ecological impact assessment. It is mainly applicable to the development and utilization of natural resources in water conservancy, hydropower, mining, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, transportation, tourism and other industries, and the ecological impact assessment in the environmental impact assessment of construction projects and regional development projects that have an impact on the ecological environment in the development of oceans and coastal zones.

In addition, the State Environmental Protection Administration and relevant departments have also strengthened the research on the technical methods of industrial environmental impact assessment. Guidelines for Radiation Environmental Protection Management, Methods and Standards for Environmental Impact Assessment of Electromagnetic Radiation (HJ/T 10.3- 1996) and Code for Preparation of Environmental Impact Report of Thermal Power Plant Construction Project (HJ/T 13- 1996) were issued.

1.2 general method of evaluation

65438-0999 After the State Environmental Protection Administration issued the Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (Trial), China officially included real estate construction projects in the scope of environmental impact assessment, but there were no corresponding technical guidelines and norms for evaluation. At present, the evaluation of real estate construction projects in China generally follows the "Guidelines for the Evaluation of Industrial Construction Projects", and regards real estate construction projects as polluting construction projects in terms of evaluation purpose, grade, scope, determination of key points and factors, and chapter setting of reports.

(1) Determination of evaluation purpose. At present, the main purpose of real estate construction project evaluation is to seriously implement the relevant national environmental protection policies; Considering the impact of real estate development activities on the environment as a whole; Achieve pollutant discharge standards and total amount control; Feedback to the design provides decision-making basis for the construction of real estate construction projects and environmental management.

(2) Determine the general level and scope of evaluation. According to the Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment (GH/T2.1-2.3-93), the grade and scope of assessment work are determined in combination with the characteristics of real estate construction projects and pollutant emission intensity.

Ambient air: As clean energy is widely used in real estate construction projects during the construction and operation periods, the emission of air pollutants is small, but the dust during the construction period and the exhaust gas emitted by construction machinery and vehicles will have a certain impact on the local ambient air quality. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation grade of ambient air during the construction period of real estate construction project is determined to be Grade III, and the evaluation scope is within the project boundary area.

Surface water: the drainage of real estate construction projects is mainly domestic sewage, and the quality of sewage is simple. If the drainage enters large and medium-sized rivers, the general evaluation grade of surface water is Grade III, and the evaluation scope is 2000 m downstream of the sewage outlet; If the drainage enters the urban sewage treatment plant through the municipal pipe network, only a simple explanation can be made in the evaluation.

Environmental noise: After the real estate construction project is completed, there are fewer noise sources, and the sound level of noise sources is low, which has little impact on the surrounding environment. However, there are many noise sources and high sound level during construction. Therefore, the evaluation level during the construction period is generally determined as Grade III, and the evaluation scope is within the field boundary 100m.

(3) Determination of the evaluation focus. The purpose, grade and scope of the evaluation of real estate construction projects determine that the focus of the evaluation is on the basis of engineering analysis, focusing on the environmental impact of noise and dust during construction and sewage and noise during operation, and demonstrating the economic and technical feasibility of environmental protection measures such as sewage and noise.

(4) Selection of evaluation factors. Evaluation factors generally include environmental quality status evaluation factors and environmental impact evaluation factors. Environmental quality status evaluation generally includes environmental air, surface water environment, acoustic environment and other evaluation factors. Environmental impact evaluation generally includes surface water, acoustic environment, solid waste and other evaluation factors, and some common evaluation factors are generally selected during evaluation.

Environmental quality assessment: SO2, NO2 and TSP are generally selected as assessment factors of ambient air; Environmental assessment factors of surface water generally include pH, CODcr, BOD5, TP, petroleum and ammonia nitrogen. Generally, environmental noise is selected as the evaluation factor of acoustic environment.

Environmental impact assessment: generally, CODcr, BOD5, SS and animal and vegetable oils are selected as environmental assessment factors of surface water; The evaluation factor of acoustic environment generally selects the equivalent A sound level; The evaluation factors of solid waste are generally construction waste and domestic waste.

(5) Chapter setting of the report. The environmental impact statement of real estate construction projects generally includes the following aspects:

General principles: mainly introduce the purpose, compilation basis, adopted standards, environmental sensitive points and protection objectives of the project environmental impact assessment;

General situation of construction project: mainly introduce the name, location, construction nature, main technical and economic indicators, general layout, traffic organization, and public works such as water supply, power supply, gas supply, communication, ventilation and air conditioning, rainwater, sewage discharge and domestic sewage treatment facilities.

Engineering analysis: this is an important chapter of the report, which mainly analyzes the pollutants generated during the construction period and the operation period in detail, and summarizes the environmental protection measures to be taken by the construction project and their effects;

General situation of regional natural social environment: briefly describe the natural environment such as meteorology, topography and geomorphology, as well as the current social environment related to the project;

Evaluation of environmental quality status: mainly evaluate the air, surface water and sound environment in the proposed project area;

Environmental impact prediction and evaluation: on the basis of engineering analysis, make qualitative or quantitative analysis of environmental impact during construction and operation;

Environmental protection measures: this is also the key chapter of the evaluation, mainly to demonstrate the economic and technical feasibility of environmental protection measures during the construction period and the operation period, so as to give feedback to the project;

Project environmental management and monitoring plan: establish environmental management organization, formulate environmental management contents and responsibilities, environmental monitoring plan, etc.

Conclusions and suggestions of environmental impact assessment: This is the last chapter of the report and also a very important chapter. Through the objective, fair and scientific evaluation in the previous chapters, it is clear whether the project is feasible from the perspective of environmental protection in the conclusion of the report, and practical suggestions are put forward for the project construction.

2. The present situation of real estate development and the environmental problems existing in the development.

China is a developing country with a large population and a weak foundation, and the housing problem is very prominent. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the continuous development of economic construction has also promoted the rapid development of the housing industry. Since 1998, under the impetus of the national macro-policy, the real estate industry, which is mainly residential, has developed continuously and rapidly, effectively started residents' housing consumption, and played an important role in improving people's living conditions, adjusting industrial structure, accelerating urban construction, promoting the development of related industries, solving social employment, expanding domestic demand, and stimulating economic growth. In 2002, the per capita housing construction area in cities nationwide reached 22. 1.5m2 [4], and the housing shortage problem was basically solved. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap compared with the housing demand of residents who have built a well-off society in an all-round way, and the problem of uneven housing happiness is still common.

With the sustained development of national economy, the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of urban population and the change of residents' consumption concept and structure, the demand for housing will continue to increase, and the requirements for living environment and quality of life will continue to improve. In the next few years, the real estate industry will still have great development prospects. On the one hand, we should continue to accelerate the development of the real estate industry and further play the role of housing and real estate in stimulating the national economy; On the other hand, it is necessary to speed up the modernization of the housing industry, improve the housing quality, improve the living environment and meet the housing needs of urban residents. Improving the living environment and quality of life is an important content of the goal of realizing a well-off society in an all-round way put forward by the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

Real estate development is the main component of the tertiary industry in this city. As a place where people live, work, entertain and do business, it enriches people's lives and makes them live and work in peace. With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people have the same desire, that is, the living environment is constantly improving and they can have a comfortable and quiet living space. However, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the ecological environment of the city and its surrounding areas has been greatly destroyed. Industrial wastewater, exhaust gas, automobile exhaust, heat island effect, noise and light pollution have made the living and working environment in cities much worse, and people pay more attention to the health, comfort and safety of the living environment. Some real estate developers have a weak sense of business environment, and only consider the location, transportation, energy and other public infrastructure factors when choosing and building real estate projects, without paying attention to the external environmental impact, surrounding ecological environment quality, internal planning and construction and environmental management issues, which will inevitably expose or hide various environmental problems, such as traffic congestion, lack of green space, dense population, piles of garbage, cross-flow of sewage, high-voltage lines crossing residential areas, noise interference and chaotic property management.

These environmental problems will adversely affect the health and safety of residents, the comfort and ecological value of communities. The development of real estate industry should be coordinated with population development, environmental development and resource utilization. We should do a good job in the protection and construction of the ecological environment while developing, so that the real estate industry will become an organic part of the urban ecological economy. In the process of development, we should strengthen environmental awareness, do a good job in the protection and construction of the ecological environment, and create a beautiful and harmonious community. Guide China's real estate industry to the road of "green" sustainable development and make it one of the important pillar industries in China.

3. Evaluate the existing problems and development trends.

At present, the environmental impact assessment of real estate construction projects in China still follows the environmental impact assessment model, means, methods and systems of industrial construction projects. It can be seen from the selection of evaluation factors, evaluation emphasis and chapter setting of the report that this traditional evaluation model regards real estate construction projects as pollution construction projects, and pays attention to the impact of real estate project development and construction on the external environment, whether the pollutants can meet the standards and whether the environmental protection measures adopted are feasible, while ignoring the impact of the external environment and the layout of building communities on housing users. This evaluation model fails to grasp the characteristics of environmental impact assessment of real estate construction projects and cannot meet the requirements of modern society for human settlements.

Living environment is an important part of human living environment. With the development of social economy, residents' requirements for living standards and living environment are constantly improving. They no longer live for the sake of survival, but demand to enjoy life, experience high-quality life and pursue comfortable and happy living space. This puts forward a higher standard for the environmental impact assessment of real estate construction projects, and also increases the scope and content of environmental impact assessment. When evaluating real estate construction projects, we should take people as the main body, establish the concept of "people-oriented", and consider the characteristics of environmental impact assessment of real estate construction projects different from general environmental impact assessment, such as the two-way relationship between projects and environmental impact; Give priority to the evaluation indicators that endanger residents' health; The evaluation scope is small, and the evaluation content is more comprehensive and detailed; The evaluation process should attach importance not only to physical indicators, but also to qualitative indicators. The methods and systems of environmental impact assessment of real estate construction projects, such as evaluation methodology, selection of evaluation factors, determination of evaluation criteria and comprehensive evaluation index, judgment of evaluation results, and public participation methods, still need to be studied. Through a reasonable evaluation system, scientifically evaluate the quality and suitability of human settlements, thus accurately reflecting the environmental conditions of the project area and better protecting and improving the environmental quality of the project. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to establish a scientific and standardized evaluation system for the suitability of living environment.