Meng Ge's Battle of Song Dynasty

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The Battle of the Mongols Attacking the Song Dynasty 1253- 1259 (from the third year to the ninth year of Mongols Khan, from the first year of Baodu in the Southern Song Dynasty to the year of Kaiqingyuan). In the Battle of Mungo Khan, the whole army attacked the Song Dynasty and carried out strategic circuitous operations.

Chinese name

Meng Ge's Battle of Song Dynasty

time

1253— 1259

trait

Strategic detour

figure

Monk

125 1 year, after Mongo succeeded to Khan's throne, he first put down the rebellion of Emperor Taizong and his grandson and consolidated his dominant position. Then set out to attack the Song Dynasty and set up a garrison base in the border area near the Southern Song Dynasty. In the direction of Sichuan, the Mongolian army built cities in Mianzhou (now Lueyang, Shaanxi) and Lizhou (now Guangyuan, Sichuan) and developed wasteland in Bailong River. In the direction of Jingxiang, Henan Economic and Strategic Department was set up to station fields in Tang (now Tanghe, Henan Province), Deng (now Henan Province), Song (now Songxian, Henan Province), Ru (now Runan, Henan Province) and other cities, and Tang and Deng were stationed in Xiuzaoyang (now Hubei Province), Guanghua (now laohekou city, Hubei Province) and danjiangkou city, Hubei Province. In the direction of Huai River, he settled in Cai (now Runan, Henan Province), (now Xixian County, Henan Province), Bo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) and Ying (now Fuyang, Anhui Province), and stationed troops in Bo and Ying.

After fighting against the Mongolian army in Wokuotai period in the Southern Song Dynasty, they knew the characteristics of Mongolian cavalry, which were good at galloping and fighting in the field, and gradually formed a defense policy of guarding the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to consolidate the lower reaches and guarding the Han and Huai rivers to shield the Yangtze River. In the Sichuan war zone, the Song Dynasty took defensive measures to control the surface of Yu Jie, and successively established deep echelon defense with Chongqing as the center, Yucheng (now Yushan in the east of Hechuan, Sichuan) as the shield pillar, the Yangtze River as the support, and the newly built mountain cities along the Minjiang River, Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River as the backbone (see Yu Jie's battle against Shu). In the Jinghu War Zone, Meng Gong, the ambassador of the Song Dynasty, was appeased to recruit troops, and the troops stationed in Jiangling, Xiangfan (now Hubei) and Ezhou (now Wuchang, Wuhan) were strengthened to open up wasteland in Daxing. In order to prevent Mongolian troops from crossing Kuimen and advancing eastward along the river, a three-tier defense deployment was implemented. In the Jianghuai war zone, the Song Dynasty built castles in military towns and key points, increased garrison troops, and introduced Taghachar into the castle within a hundred miles of Fiona Fang, including three miles, one ditch and five miles and one canal, in order to curb the March of Mongolian cavalry. At the same time, clever warships were built, and guerrillas were formed by mixing water steps, stationed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and on standby at any time.

In view of the shortage of water army, it is difficult to cross the natural barrier of the Yangtze River. Meng Ge took a strategic detour and attacked the Song Dynasty from flank and flank. In July of the second year of Mong Ge Khan (1252), Mong Ge ordered his younger brother Kublai Khan to lead an army to conquer Dali (now Yunnan). In September of three years, Kublai Khan led the army to Tela (now Dalagou, Diebu County, Gansu Province), and the soldiers were divided into three roads to the south. Uriyangqatai led the marked army to enter Yunnan along yandang road (now Aba Grassland in Sichuan) via Tubo. Wang Zong copied and merged, and only led the East Route Army through Maozhou (now Mao Wen, Sichuan) to Huichuan (now Huili West, Sichuan) to contain it; Kublai Khan led the Middle Route Army, crossed the Dadu River via Mantuo City (now Hanyuan North, Sichuan), went south via Qingxi Ancient Road, crossed the valley of 1000 km, and entered the Jinsha River at 1 1 month. /kloc-in early February, the East Route Army and the Middle Route Army crossed the Jinsha River successively, and joined forces with the West Route Army at Longshouguan to jointly attack and annihilate the main force of Dali Army. 1February 15, occupying Dali city. In the spring of four years, Kublai Khan stayed in Uriyangqatai to continue fighting and returned with a soldier. In autumn, Wu Lianghe captured Shanzhan (now Kunming) and captured the king Duan Xingzhi alive. In five years, with the help of Duan Xingzhi, he conquered and surrendered the remaining ministries and occupied the whole territory of Dali (see Kublai Khan's Battle to Destroy Dali).

In the spring of the sixth year of Mongolian Khan, Uriyangqatai and Duan Xingzhi presented a Dali map to Mongolian Khan. In June, in view of the completion of the flank encirclement of Song, Mongolian Khan decided to attack Song with two wings in the name of Song prisoner. On the right, Uriyangqatai attacked Sichuan from Yunnan, Tiege Huoluqi, Dell from Zizhou and Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi); On the left, King Tahar and son-in-law Tie Li were ordered to attack Song Huaichao. On the right-wing North Road, the army railway Hogg Luchi and Dejdar went down the Jialing River, went south through the canal, and arrived near Chongqing on 1 1 month. Uriyangqatai, the leader of Right-wing South Road, attacked Wumeng (now Zhaotong, Yunnan) in September and headed for Shimen (now northwest of Gaoxian, Sichuan). In October, the bald man stabbed Sanzhai and was repelled by Song Jun in Mahu River. In the first month of the following year, the three armed forces returned by the original road (see the battle of attacking Sichuan in Mongolia). Left-wing Taghachar led the army to Dongping (now Shandong Province). Because of lax military discipline, he plundered the sheep of the people and was sent by Mongo to plead guilty. The attack on the Song Dynasty failed.

In the spring of the seventh year of Meng, in order to consume the strength of the Southern Song Dynasty, Meng once again ordered the generals to attack the Song Dynasty. On the right, commander-in-chief Niu Lin attacked Dongchuan; Liu Heima and Gu Gulong were ordered to attack Xichuan. The left ordered Taghachar to attack Jingxiang. Right wing: Niu Lin led the army from Zizhou to Dashuo Mountain (now northeast of Langzhong, Sichuan), out of Liangshan Army (now Liangping, Sichuan) and straight to Kuimen (now Qutangxia, Fengjie, Sichuan); Liu Heima and Gu Gulong won Chengdu in one fell swoop. In the spring of the following year, Pu Zezhi, the commander-in-chief of Sichuan in the Song Dynasty, led an army to encircle the capital. Niu Lin returned to Hezhou, went to Chengdu for help, crossed Qinjian River (now Fujiang Ferry in Suining, Sichuan), defeated Song Jun, and drove straight into Chengdu. Later, with the cooperation of Mongolian reinforcements, they defeated Song Jun (the battle of Chengdu) and captured Genting Mountain City (now Jintang South, Sichuan), and Xichuan counties were successively annexed (see the battle of Niujia attacking Sichuan). Left wing; Taghachar led sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight+ten thousand troops to attack Xiangyang and Fancheng, besieged Fancheng for seven days, and returned with his army.

In February of the eighth year of Mongolia, in order to build achievements beyond his father's ancestors, Mongolia decided to lead an army to attack the Song Dynasty. Uriyangqatai was ordered to lead the army from Dali to the north via Guangxi to coordinate; Kublai Khan led the army south to attack Ezhou; Since the rate of the main attack in Sichuan, in an attempt to east Kuimen, downstream, after waiting for the three roads to meet Ezhou, join forces to attack Lin' an (now Hangzhou). In July, Taghachar led Meng Ge and led 40,000 troops from Longzhou (now Longxian County, Shaanxi Province) to the south through Dasanguan (now southwest of Baoji). On the eighth day of October, to Lizhou. Wang Dechen, commander-in-chief of Chang Gong and commander of Li Zhuo area, led the army south to recruit Sichuan strikers. On 24th, at Cook Bamboo Pass (now the top of Xiao Jian in Jianmen, Sichuan), the commander Yang Li died. On the eighth day of November, Wang Zuo, the garrison commander, was killed in Erdingbao (west of Kuzhuguan) on Changning Mountain. On the 11th, he captured the city (now the mountain in the northeast of Langzhong, Sichuan) and asked General Yang Dayuan of the Song Dynasty to surrender. On the tenth day of December, Mongo Khan went to Yunshan City (now southeast of Peng 'an, Sichuan) and the garrison commander Zhang Dayue surrendered. The Mongols arrived in Qingju City (now Nanchong, Sichuan) and killed General Du Tong Duan Yuan. From the perspective of the city, Xuanda Liangcheng (now Guang 'an East, Sichuan) and other places also fell into Mongolia's hands. After Meng Ge conquered most counties in northern Sichuan, he came to Wusheng Mountain (near the county seat of Vu Thang, Sichuan) and prepared to attack the fishing city.

On the first day of the first month of the ninth year of Meng's reign, Meng paid a New Year's call in Wusheng Mountain, and consulted with the generals to advance and retreat. He suggested that 50,000 elite soldiers should be selected between Chongqing and Fishing City to contain the aid division. Then avoid the fishing town and bypass Kuiwan (now Wanxian City, Sichuan Province). When the winter water dries up, we will leave the Three Gorges and enter the two lakes, and then join forces with Ezhou Kublai Khan and Uriyangqatai, so we can decide the southeast in one fell swoop. Meng Ge relied on his soldiers to strengthen Ma Zhuang, but failed to take his advice, so he sent the late Wang Ge to attack Yili Mountain City (now northeast of Qujiang, Sichuan, commonly known as Sanjiao Temple); Towing the bald head, Lu Xiong attacked Pingliang Mountain City (now Bazhong, Sichuan); Yang Dayuan was ordered to attack Hechuan Old Town; Niu Lin built a captive bridge from Chengdu to Xilin City, Fuzhou (now Fuling West, Sichuan), which blocked Song Jun's eastward assistance. In February, Mongo led his troops into Lion Mountain (east of the fishing city) and began to besiege the fishing city. After five months of failure, the Mongolian army became epidemic and its morale was greatly reduced. In July, when Meng Ge personally visited the scene to direct the siege, he was hit by a flying stone and died in the army. The Mongolian army that attacked Shu withdrew from the north and returned (see the battle of Fishing City).

In August of the same year, Kublai Khan led an army to cross the Huaihe River, breached the Great Victory Pass (now south of luoshan county, Henan Province), and the defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty fled. Kublai Khan led the army to the north bank of the river. On the first day of September, Kublai Khan learned of Mongo's death and still led the army south, breaking 65,438+10,000 interception and crossing the Yangtze River. On the ninth day, Ezhou was besieged. Due to the soldiers and civilians guarding the city, loyal opposition, and the reinforcements of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongolian army besieged the city for two months. 1/the next day of kloc-0/month, Kublai Khan got a secret letter from his wife, who wanted to fight for Khan's position in the north. The fatuous Song Jun commander Jia Sidao not only failed to defeat the Mongols, but also presented Kublai Khan with 202,000 silver and 202,000 silk horses. Kublai Khan was undecided, that is, he led the army north (see the battle of Ezhou). At that time, the Huihe Lianghe River, which was advancing northward from Dali, was surrounded by Tanzhou (now Changsha). Kublai Khan sent one thousand soldiers of the Red Army and three thousand fighters to meet the Huihe Lianghe River. In the first month of the following year, Uriyangqatai led his troops across Huangzhou pontoon bridge and returned to the north. Jia Sidao took the opportunity to order Xia Gui to stop 700 people in the rear team (170 people) and lied about victory. Mongo attacked the Song Dynasty and called a truce.

In this campaign, Mongo adopted a strategic detour strategy, which was conducive to breaking through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River. However, the battle of Dali lasted for seven years, hundreds of thousands of people died in Shima, and the attack power was weakened. The main force entered Sichuan, limited to the mountains and heavy risks, which was not conducive to giving full play to the advantages of cavalry. It could not be captured for a long time and eventually failed.