Which country has the best welfare in the world?

Sweden is one of the countries with the best welfare in the world, and the housing system is incorporated into the social security system. The goal of the Swedish government's housing policy is to let everyone get a spacious, comfortable and beautiful residence. Society has regarded people's access to a standard house as a social right. The quantity and quality of housing in Sweden have entered the ranks of the highest level in the world. I. Public housing construction and property management Public housing construction and property management in Sweden are mainly undertaken by public housing management companies. The public housing management company was established in the 1940s. The purpose of establishing a company is to influence the market and regulate supply and demand, not to occupy the housing market. The purpose of company housing management is to provide low-cost and high-quality housing to members of society, and to be financially self-financing, but not to make money. Sweden has 6.5438+0.5 million residents living in 800,000 public houses managed by 300 operating companies, accounting for 2.65438+0% of all housing in Sweden. The construction of public houses is formulated and issued by the municipal government, and the public houses are organized and implemented by the management company. The company attaches great importance to the construction of residential quarters, and has specific plans from the overall layout to each detail department. It takes the scale of the whole residential area, road traffic, residential and various public service facilities, three-dimensional structure and various equipment installation, underground pipelines on the ground, indoor and outdoor projects, etc. Give consideration to both, pay attention to environmental greening and artistic treatment of space. Municipal supporting projects, laundry rooms, garages, public houses and children's entertainment facilities that directly serve housing in residential areas are paid by housing construction units, and for-profit projects such as shops and shops are undertaken by profit-making units. Social welfare undertakings such as kindergartens, medical stations and nursing homes are built by municipal competent departments, and municipal supporting projects outside residential areas are responsible by competent departments according to law. In case of dispute, the municipal government shall coordinate. In the planning, design and construction stages of residential quarters, property managers participate in opinions, with the aim of ensuring the investment benefit of residential quality and the convenience of use and management after delivery. This is a successful experience beneficial to property management, which is worth learning from in China. The main task of public housing management company is to manage and maintain public housing. The company establishes the management organization by dividing and fragmenting, and then establishes the management office and management point. Most managers have received professional training. Each administrator manages 100- 300 households, and the management is located in residential buildings with professional maintenance personnel; The management office is located in the residential area, responsible for daily maintenance management, and the company's technicians will help solve difficult repair projects or major repair technical problems; Management and maintenance personnel at all levels are equipped according to the principle of less but better. Posts with less labor (such as glass changers and painters) are not equipped with personnel, and they are hired from the society when necessary. There is great flexibility in the rent and maintenance of public houses. Residents can freely choose the material standard and kitchen for interior decoration. The management office is responsible for installing sanitary equipment, and the over-standard part is spread in the house rent. Residents can decide on their own maintenance methods. If the indoor maintenance is done by the residents themselves, the indoor maintenance cost can be deducted from the rent. Public housing management companies give full play to their own advantages and specialties, and seek survival and development in the competition. Their characteristics and advantages are as follows: (1) The proportion of newly-built modular public houses is large, relatively concentrated, and the distribution of maintenance points is reasonable, so they can make full use of modern means to manage houses. Residents call and the maintenance car is on call. (2) The company keeps in constant contact with the tenant association, listens to opinions, improves services, and formulates reasonable rent standards through regular consultation, which is generally lower than that of private rental houses. (3) Efforts should be made to improve and beautify the living environment, such as increasing green spaces, flowers and trees, artistic sketches or public places. (4) Providing services with different contents for different tenants, such as purchasing commodities and medical services for the elderly. Through continuous improvement of management and service quality, the quality of public houses they manage is getting better and better, and there are more and more houses and households. Second, cooperative housing and property management The construction and property management of cooperative housing in Sweden are mainly undertaken by the National Federation of Housing Cooperatives (HSB). HSB is a national housing cooperative organization, which consists of 63 provincial and municipal housing cooperative associations. HSB determines the order of residents' buying houses according to the length of membership and the amount of savings. The housing expenses are repaid by the tenants in installments. 70% of the house price is mortgage loan, and the interest rate is calculated according to the market interest rate. The money to repay the mortgage is paid by the salary before personal income tax. This part of the income tax is reduced or exempted by the state, which is actually a subsidy to the buyer. Installment payment, outdoor maintenance fee (indoor maintenance), central heating fee, utility fee, sewage treatment fee, health service fee, insurance fee and equipment maintenance fee together constitute the annual housing cost to be delivered. When a family moves into cooperative housing, it is equivalent to obtaining permanent use rights. If the house needs to be transferred, sublet, exchanged or sold, it needs the consent of the grass-roots cooperative, and the price can be freely agreed by both parties.