Information on the development of the motherland is 300-400 words.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has created many railway historical records in China and even in the world.

Known as the "roof of the world", the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation today, setting a number of railway records in China and even the world.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 1956 km from Xining to Lhasa, is the plateau railway with the highest altitude, the longest route and the worst climatic conditions in the world.

On the most challenging project in the plateau of the world, the railway builders in China have solved and overcome the "three major problems": the severe challenges of frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen and ecological fragility.

Since the construction of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started on June 29th, 20001year, the Ministry of Railways started construction in Golmud-Wang Kun section in 20001year according to the general arrangement of gradual progress from north to south, subsection construction and subsection track laying. The world's largest plateau railway bridge base was built in Nanshankou, and the frozen soil engineering test section started construction, which won the first battle.

In 2002, the frozen soil project north of Tanggula Mountain and some key projects in Tibet started, and the track was laid to Wang Kun Station, which made a key breakthrough.

In 2003, the construction of "no man's land" and the south of Tanggula Mountain was started, and the Tanggula Mountain subgrade project and Beiqiao Tunnel were completed, which won a great victory in the year of comprehensive attack;

In 2004, subgrade, bridge and culvert tunnels were basically completed, and the world's highest bridge base was built in Amdo at an altitude of more than 4,700 meters, ending the history of no railway in Tibet and promoting the overall success of that year.

In 2005, all the works in front of the station were completed, the track laying and beam erection were completed, and the decisive battle was in hand, which laid a solid foundation for building a world-class plateau railway.

On March/KOOC-0/day, 2006, the speed target of freight train engineering operation test of Qinghai-Tibet Railway reached/KOOC-0/00 km per hour. On May 1 day, the running test target of passenger trains (without passengers) reached the speed of 100 km, and some sections reached the speed of 120 km. The whole line was put into trial operation in July 1 day, and the speed line required frozen soil area100km and non-frozen soil area120km.

The total investment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway exceeds 33 billion yuan; 78.53 million cubic meters of subgrade earthwork and 675 bridges were completed along the whole line, nearly160,000 linear meters; 2050 culverts with a horizontal linear meter of 37662 meters; There are 7 tunnels with a length of 9074 meters.

At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also achieved fruitful results in tackling key problems in frozen soil, health protection, environmental protection and quality assurance.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation on July 1 day, and it is expected to become a world-class plateau railway with unmanned management along the line.

The Three Gorges Project benefits the people.

Today, with the increasing shortage of energy in the world, people attach importance to the development and protection of rivers. The appearance of the Three Gorges Dam once again shows the foresight of decision makers. On May 20th, the whole line of Three Gorges Dam was poured to the design elevation185m, and the main project was completed nine months ahead of schedule. This great cross-century project has created many firsts in the world and begun to show the comprehensive benefits of flood control, power generation and shipping.

Flood control: flood control and livestock drive to promote An Lan.

Flood has always been a "big worry" for the people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Rich grain, cotton and oil bases, densely populated villages and towns, dense industrial and mining enterprises, and a population of nearly 80 million have long been plagued by the Yangtze River flood. Especially in the dangerous section of Jingjiang River, with the continuous deposition of sediment, it will become a "suspended river" with the water level 6 meters ~ 10 meters higher than the ground on both sides of the river in flood season.

The first starting point of building the Three Gorges Project to cut off Wushan Yu Yun is to eradicate the Yangtze River flood and promote the sustainable development of the middle and lower reaches. When the Three Gorges Reservoir reaches1.75m, the flood control capacity is as high as 2.21.500 million cubic meters, and the flood control benefits and related environmental benefits are very significant:

—— In case of "once in a thousand years" or similar 1870 catastrophic flood, flood diversion projects in flood diversion areas such as Jingjiang River can be used to prevent devastating disasters on the north and south banks of Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake area and Jianghan Plain.

—— The flood control standard of Jingjiang reach can be raised from "once in ten years" to "once in a hundred years", that is, after the regulation and storage of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the Jingjiang flood storage area and other flood storage areas shall not be opened.

-Improving the ability to control the flood above Chenglingji, and cooperating with Danjiangkou Reservoir and the flood diversion and storage area near Wuhan can prevent the water level in Wuhan from getting out of control in flood season and play a guarantee role in flood control in Wuhan.

-Reduce the threat of floods to Dongting Lake area. The Three Gorges Project can reduce the flood and sediment flowing into Dongting Lake in flood season, effectively reduce the threat of flood, slow down the speed of sediment deposition and prolong the service life of Dongting Lake.

-The reliability and flexibility of flood control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been improved. If the flood diversion and storage area needs to be used in case of catastrophic flood, the Three Gorges Reservoir will intercept the flood to gain time for personnel transfer and avoid casualties in the flood diversion and storage area.

According to a survey data, according to the price level of 1992, the average direct economic benefit of flood control in the Three Gorges Project for many years is 2.2 billion-2.52 billion yuan per year. In addition to direct economic benefits, it can also avoid casualties, railway trunk line interruption, ecological deterioration in disaster areas, epidemic diseases, resettlement of victims, home reconstruction and other joint losses caused by dike breach.

According to the dispatching plan of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the flood season this year, in 2006 alone, the Three Gorges Reservoir can provide at least 7.29 billion cubic meters of flood control capacity when needed. Although this flood regulation capacity is only about 1/3 of the total flood regulation capacity after the completion of the Three Gorges Project, it has exceeded the flood regulation capacity of Jingjiang flood storage and detention area.

Power generation: electricity comes out of the high gorge and Pinghu, and the rivers and mountains are half illuminated.

East China and Central China are economically developed, but there is a long-term shortage of energy, and electricity has always been maintained by "transporting coal from the north to the south". The serious shortage of power resources has become a "bottleneck" restricting economic development.

China is one of the countries with the richest hydropower resources in the world, with an exploitable capacity of 378 million kilowatts and an annual power generation of 1.92 trillion kwh. However, in recent ten years, the proportion of hydropower in China has gone from bad to worse, and the proportion of hydropower in the total installed capacity of power generation has dropped to 14%, far below the world average of 22%. As a clean and environmentally friendly ecological industry, the unbalanced development of hydropower and thermal power shows the irrationality of the protection and utilization of natural resources in China.

The total installed capacity of the Three Gorges Project is 65.438+08.2 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 84.7 billion kWh. This is equivalent to building a super-large coal mine with an annual output of 50 million tons of raw coal or a super-large oil field with an annual output of 25 million tons, equivalent to 10 large thermal power plants with an installed capacity of 2 million kilowatts and corresponding railways for transporting coal or oil. No matter from the total installed capacity or the average annual power generation for many years, the Three Gorges Hydropower Station will be the largest hydropower station in the world in a certain period of time.

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station faces Central China, East China and Guangdong, and its power supply distance is within the economic transmission range of 400 km ~ 1000 km. After the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is fully put into operation, the power grids of Central China, East China and South China can be connected into a large cross-regional power system, and the benefits such as shifting peaks and filling valleys between regions, compensation and regulation of hydropower stations, and capacity exchange of hydropower stations can be obtained. Only when the two major power grids in Central China and East China are interconnected can off-peak benefits of 3 million to 4 million kilowatts be realized. At the same time, it also has the conditions to connect North China, Northwest China and Southwest China to form a national joint power system.

The environmental benefits of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station are incalculable. Compared with coal-fired power generation, it can emit a lot less carbon dioxide, 1 10,000 tons of carbon monoxide, 370,000 tons of nitrogen oxides, millions of tons of sulfur dioxide and a lot of dust and waste residue every year, thus reducing the environmental pollution and the harm of acid rain caused by harmful gas emissions.

Shipping: channelization goes down the Sichuan River, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare.

Known as the "golden waterway", the Yangtze River has always been the traffic artery connecting the southeast coast and the southwest hinterland of China, forming a relatively complete inland river shipping system. However, before the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the Yichang-Chongqing waterway was still in a natural state with extremely complicated navigation conditions, with fast current and dense shoals, and only a fleet of 1.500 tons could pass.

According to statistics, the above waterway is about 660 kilometers long, and there are 139 beach hazards. In addition, there are 27 river sections along the route that cannot sail at night or can only sail at night in one direction. Especially in Xiachuanjiang reach, the annual one-way traffic capacity of the waterway is only 6.5438+million tons, which is less than the freight volume of a Jiangnan Canal, which greatly restricts the development of the "golden waterway". With the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, the foreign logistics exchange in southwest China has soared, and the original shipping conditions of Chuanjiang River are far from meeting the requirements.

The Three Gorges Project, located in the upper reaches of Gezhouba, is jointly operated with Gezhouba, which will channelize the lower reaches of Chuanjiang River and completely change the shipping conditions of Chuanjiang River, with remarkable shipping benefits:

-After the project is completed, the reservoir backwaters to Chongqing, forming a deep-water channel with an average water depth of 70 meters and a maximum water depth of 170 meters. The average width of the reservoir is about 1 100 meters, which is about 1 times wider than before the reservoir was built. For more than half a year, the channel in the reservoir area can be turned into a deep-water channel, which ensures the direct flight of the 10,000-ton fleet from Wuhan to Chongqing, and increases the annual one-way capacity of the channel from 6,543,800 tons to 6,543,800 tons.

-Significantly reduce transportation costs and give full play to the advantages of water transportation. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, due to the improvement of the waterway and water conditions in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the ship type and fleet will be promoted to standardization and large-scale, the towing capacity per horsepower will be increased by nearly 10 times, the fuel consumption of ship transportation will be reduced by 70%, and the comprehensive transportation cost will be reduced by 35% ~ 37%.

-Conducive to the construction of ports and navigation channels in the reservoir area and the management of navigation marks. Under natural circumstances, the maximum fluctuation range of flood and low water level in Chongqing-Yichang waterway within one year is more than 60 meters, which brings great difficulties to port waterway construction and navigation mark management. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, the water level fluctuates within 30 meters, the water depth increases, and the water area expands, so that all twisting beach stations can be cancelled, which greatly reduces the cost of beach hazard regulation, dredging and maintenance.

-Vigorously promote the development of shipping in tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Project can be connected with Xiaonanhai Project, Daxikou Project of Wujiang River and Jialing River wellhead project above Chongqing, and further develop the shipping industry of the main stream of the Yangtze River and several tributaries. According to reports, after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, the navigation mileage of small and medium-sized tributaries such as Daning River and Xiangxi River in the reservoir area will increase by about 550 kilometers.

Space-time imprint of the construction of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

1982

"Time is money, efficiency is life"

1979 65438+1October 3 1, China merchants officially settled in Shekou and independently developed and operated Shekou Industrial Zone. In August of that year, Shekou Industrial Zone began to build the first wharf.

1982, in order to motivate workers, Yuan Geng wanted to post inspiring slogans at Shekou Wharf. At that time, the original text he thought was: "Time is money, efficiency is life, safety is law, and customers are emperors." On second thought, I deleted the last two sentences. Even so, this slogan caused a lot of controversy at that time, because it touched the egalitarianism of planned economy. Some people sarcastically said that Yuan Geng was "desperate for money".

1984, Xiaoping visited Shekou Wharf for the first time during his inspection in Shenzhen. When reporting to Xiaoping, Yuan Geng said: "We have a slogan called' Time is money, efficiency is life'." Xiaoping said, "Yes!" Give a pun of affirmation. Since then, the justice of this slogan has finally come to an end.

1984

Shenzhen speed

198 1, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which has just been established for one year, wants to build a skyscraper comparable to the item. On the design drawing, this is a 53-story skyscraper with a height of150m (the top floor is a revolving restaurant, which later became the famous "Deng Gong Hall"). What is the concept of the 53rd floor? 198 1 year, the tallest building in China is Nanjing Jinling Hotel, which is 37 stories high.

In order to catch up with the construction period, the contractor China Construction Third Bureau decided to adopt the "sliding mode scheme". At that time, there was no precedent for such a high-rise building to adopt sliding mode method in China. The "sliding mode" test of China Construction Third Bureau failed one after another. 1September 1983, Shenzhen Property Company, Party A of the project, issued an ultimatum. Fortunately, at that time, China Construction Third Bureau had found the reason for the failure, and the experiment soon succeeded. After that, the construction became more and more smooth, creating an architectural miracle of "three days and one floor". On April 30th, 1984, the International Trade Building was officially completed.

"Shenzhen speed" not only refers to the construction speed, but also refers to the ultra-high-speed development of Shenzhen during its pioneering period. In 1980s and 1990s, the pioneering period of Shenzhen was around Xiaoping's southern tour. During this period, the city's GDP grew at an average annual rate of about 35%, exceeding 654.38+00 billion in nine years and 50 billion in five years.

1995

Start a new career

After 1992, with the full bloom of reform and opening up, the advantages of Shenzhen are becoming less and less obvious. The saying that "the special zone is not a special zone" came into being. 199265438+On February 24th, Guangming Daily published "The whole country is developing, what should Shenzhen do? Long article.

1994, an argument about special policies broke out. Hu Angang, a scholar, wrote that fair competition is one of the basic principles of the modern market economy system, and the central government cannot take the lead in implementing preferential policies or providing monopoly in some areas. He advocated the abolition of various tax cuts and preferential policies. Shenzhen immediately counterattacked, and both sides came and went. This argument lasted for a year and a half.

1995 The second Party Congress in Shenzhen issued a call for "starting a second business" to the people of the whole city. Shenzhen has put forward the basic policy of industrial adjustment, that is, the development policy with high-tech industries as the guide, advanced industries as the basis and the tertiary industry as the pillar.

In 2005

Benefit Shenzhen

June 65438+1October 65438+March 2005, Shenzhen held the 11th plenary meeting of the third session of the Municipal Party Committee, proposing to completely abandon the traditional concept of development, contribute the development model of "benefiting Shenzhen" to the whole country in the next 25 years, and realize a historic leap from "speeding up Shenzhen" to "benefiting Shenzhen".

Shenzhen bravely committed suicide. At present, the development of Shenzhen has been obviously restricted by the "four unsustainable". If we don't change the development model, there will be an environmental crisis soon. Huang Liman, then secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, said that Shenzhen would no longer pay attention to the simple GDP ranking, and would no longer fight for the total amount, speed, scale and other people's rankings, but pay more attention to the efficiency indicators of development.