What is the reason for the cancellation of the post office?

1. Post Office, also known as Post Office, evolved from early acousto-optic communication and express mail.

2. The postal service in China has a long history. Since the day when there were human beings, there have been various forms of communication activities. Communication with objects appeared in primitive society, and slave society developed into early acousto-optic communication and postal transmission. In the feudal society, China's postal service had been at the forefront of the world.

3. In ancient China, the post office was an organization that mainly delivered documents, but it was limited to delivering urgent and important official documents, and its delivery mode was mainly to arrive without delay.

4. In August, Zhonghua Book Company published a book, 1940, written by Lou Zuzhi.

5. As early as 558 BC-486 BC, ancient Persia set up a post office, with emergency messengers and post horses on standby. Letters are delivered by courier station by station, and the postal speed is very fast. People called it a relay station at that time.

6. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, it can be considered that organized communication activities appeared in the period of Yin, Shang and Pan Geng.

7. Generally speaking, the postal communication in China began in the Pan Geng era of Shang Dynasty and ended when 19 12 was abandoned.

8. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, there was a kind of communication soldier who transmitted military information in the frontier-Nuo, which was the earliest written communication material in China.

9. The earliest way of military communication in Shang Dynasty in China was to beat drums and transmit sound. When I arrived in Zhou Wang, there was a record of using bonfires.

10. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, in the process of transmitting border emergency military information, a communication mode combining "acousto-optic" communication appeared, namely beacon drum.

1 1. China's military communication in the Zhou Dynasty includes two parts: one is border defense communication, mainly beacon towers; The second is campaign communication, that is, acousto-optic communication of offensive and defensive stations.

12. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, China's communication organization has been continuously improved, and two sets of organized communication have gradually formed: one is an early acousto-optic communication system based on bonfires, and the other is a postal communication system based on walking by car.

13. The Zhou Dynasty experienced frequent wars and accumulated rich experience in military exchanges. The most famous are Yin characters and Yin scripts, which are the earliest secret letters in ancient times.

14. By the Zhou Dynasty, China's postal delivery system for delivering official emergency "short books" by mail trucks and fast horses had developed greatly and became a household name.

15. The transportation in the Western Zhou Dynasty has been improving continuously. First, cars are used for communication.

16. In addition to the obvious relay transmission of border communication (such as beacon signal), the Zhou Dynasty mainly adopted the mode of messenger.

17. In order to issue military orders and decrees accurately and quickly, the Zhou Dynasty established a postal network centered on Fenghao, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

18. Festival is a kind of voucher used to convey orders and dispatch troops in ancient China. There were many festivals in the early days, including the Dragon and Tiger Festival, the Moon Festival, the Symbol Festival, the Seal Festival and the Beijing Festival in the Zhou Dynasty. Later, they were gradually simplified into road festivals for messengers or businessmen to use on their way.

19. After Jeff appeared, it became a sign that the feudal regime concentrated on the monarch. In Zhou Li, it is stipulated that the tiger festival is used in mountain countries and the dragon festival is used in Zeguo countries.

20. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the beacon tower evolved into a continuous Great Wall, which was a leap in early acousto-optic communication.

2 1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, due to frequent communication between correspondents, museums and pavilions were set up on the main roads for people coming and going.

22. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the main communication tool was automobile transmission.

23. Confucius, a famous thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period in China, used the speed of communication to compare the implementation of moral policy. He said: "The popularity of virtue is faster than posting."

24. During the Warring States Period, with the continuous development of the feudal economy and the continuous strengthening of the centralization of monarchies, when countries send envoys, monarchies should issue tokens-festival gifts.

25. Organized and large-scale communication only began to appear at the end of primitive society.

26. In the Spring and Autumn Period, postal biography had "Yanji in the north, Chu and Wu in the south, China in the west and Qilu in the east."

27. Judging from the development of ancient postal services in China, Jeff was a widely used communication symbol during the Warring States Period.

28. This military symbol is a symbol of sending troops during the Warring States Period.

29. The establishment of the Qin Dynasty brought revolutionary changes in the mode of communication, that is, relay communication from the past.

30. In the Qin Dynasty, postal kiosks were the main communication institutions.

3 1. The postal communication in Qin Dynasty has the characteristics of relay communication, fixed route and legal protection.

32. 1974, a large number of bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty were unearthed in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, among which there were records about the postal law, which was the earliest "postal law" in China.

33. In order to solve the possible problems in many relay links of communication relay, the Qin Dynasty formulated the first law on communication in China-calligraphy.

34. Wooden slips are ancient letters and documents written on wood chips. 1976 The Black Symbol and the Jingmuxi, unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, is the earliest surviving family letter of the Muxi in China.

35. Post stations and postal kiosks were the main transportation organizations in the Han Dynasty.

36. The three major requirements of postal communication in Han Dynasty are speed, accuracy and security, which are consistent with the requirements of modern postal services.

37. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen international economic and cultural exchanges, an international postal route was established, the most famous of which was the Silk Road.

38. The important historical materials of the post office in Han Dynasty came from unearthed wooden slips.

39. Beacon communication in Han Dynasty is an important part of military communication, with strict regulations and inspection system. Generally speaking, it is five miles and one whistle, ten miles and one pier, three miles and one fort, and a hundred miles and one city.

40. In the sealing of official documents, the method of mud sealing was adopted in the Han Dynasty, that is, special clay was sealed at the junction outside the bamboo slips, and the mud was sealed to prevent leakage.

4 1. Post Station is a transportation organization that delivers official documents in Han Dynasty, but it is limited to delivering urgent and important official documents. The transmission mode is mainly light and fast, and one is set every 30 miles on the main traffic line.

42. According to the unearthed Han bamboo slips, the specific workflow of the post office in the Han Dynasty includes sealing, sending, time limit and inspection.

43. In addition to receiving past officials and delivering goods, the post office in the Han Dynasty was mainly responsible for the delivery of official documents and letters.

44. Send an urgent official document to Ma, or use a post station or send a special person, which is called "late trip" for short in Chinese.

45. After China entered the Eastern Han Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the communication tools were replaced by fast horses. Jia was gradually renamed as Yi or Yi Jia.

46. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties ended the separation of post stations in Qin and Han Dynasties, and initiated the integration of post stations in Sui and Tang Dynasties. This occupies an important position in the postal history of China.

47. The so-called "east-west postal service, mutual hope from top to bottom, initial alliance, innovation" reflects the grand occasion of postal service in Shu and Wu.

48. In terms of spreading symbols, Cao Wei not only inherited the bronze dragon symbol and bamboo ambassador of Han Dynasty, but also created another token-letter flag.

49. The post office in the Jin Dynasty was a transitional period, which was run by grass and gradually changed to be managed by soldiers or coachmen.

50. In Jeff's transportation, from the central government to the local government, although the Southern Dynasties still kept the signs of Jin Hu and Bamboo Elephants, they relied more on the signs of Shangshu and imperial edicts.

5 1. The communication organizations in the Northern Dynasties basically developed towards the trend of postal integration.

52. In the early Sui Dynasty, the centralized state machinery was strengthened, and in terms of communication, libraries, post offices and stations were established.

53. The post station in the Sui Dynasty was called Post Biography, which belonged to the Ministry of War. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the driving department. Song dynasty generally followed the method of Tang dynasty, adding emergency delivery shops to deal with emergency military mail.

54. The biggest difference between the postal service in Sui and Tang Dynasties and the previous generation is that postal service and postal delivery are completely integrated.

55. The domestic post road in Sui and Tang Dynasties is the most important post road from Chang 'an to Jianghuai via Luoyang.

56. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a network of post roads extending in all directions with the capital Chang 'an as the center was built.

57. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the post offices were laid on the post roads, which were generally both communication offices and official guest houses.

58. The nature of documents in the Sui and Tang Dynasties can be divided into two types: one is imperial edicts and documents issued by the central government to local governments; The other is the documents submitted by local governments to the central authorities.

59. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the communication between the border and wartime was mainly bonfire communication, which was closely related to the post office. In mainland China, military documents are generally delivered by mail except by hand.

60. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, after the establishment of local governments, northern ethnic minorities also had their own communication institutions. For example, when there is no written language, Turks use gold arrows as their letters and seal them with wax.

6 1. The postal system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties formed a complete management system, including administration and supervision. The central management organization of the post office in Tang Dynasty was Shangshu Province.

62. Documents in Sui and Tang Dynasties are usually sealed with envelopes, letterheads or bamboo tubes, and the delivery personnel put them in their back pockets for delivery. The famous "Mrs. Song's Travel Map" is a precious mural depicting a messenger carrying letters with a bag on his back.

63. The scale of hotels in Sui and Tang Dynasties was different. There are strict regulations in the Six Codes of Tang Dynasty: Duting Inn can own 75 horses and be equipped with 25 attendants; A first-class post office can have 60 horses and 20 postmen.

64. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Baocheng Post Station in Liangzhou (now Baocheng County, Shaanxi Province) was once called "the first post station in the world" in history.

65. The central management organization of the post office in the Tang Dynasty was the Ministry of Military Affairs of Shangshu Province, which changed the system that the post office was managed by Facao in the Han and Wei Dynasties.

66. The post office in Sui and Tang Dynasties was quite large. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1 0,639 post stations, including 297 land posts 1 0,297 water posts and 86 land posts, and more than 20,000 people were engaged in post stations.

67. Among the communication agencies of the Tang regime, there was a team mainly composed of camels, called "camel messengers", which were used for the emergency delivery of border military aircraft.

68. Due to frequent exchanges between China and Japan, the organization of church associations was also introduced to Japan. The tasks, equipment, tools and methods of post offices established in Japan are generally based on this; By the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Japan had 4 14 post stations.

69. Post stations in the Tang Dynasty spread all over the country, including 70 miles by land, 30 miles by car dealership and 300 miles by express delivery.

70. The earliest newspaper in China, Kaiyuan Miscellaneous Newspaper, appeared in the Tang Dynasty. It was sent directly to counties or our times.

7 1. The basic principles of postal organization communication in the Song Dynasty were "limited meters" and "limited transmission".

72. In the Song Dynasty, there were two institutions in charge of postal services: the Ministry of War and the Privy Council.

73. In the Song Dynasty, all documents delivered by special personnel or horses were sealed in a tube in front of officials, which was called "sealed delivery".

74. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were four basic delivery quotas: 200 Li, 300 Li, 400 Li and 500 Li.

75. The book "Comfort Now" collected in Yongle Dadian is a compilation of laws and regulations on delivery in Song Dynasty, and it is also a relatively complete communication method in ancient China so far.

76. In the Song Dynasty, due to the emperor's attention and the need of war, military communication was very developed. Shen Kuo wrote in Meng Qian's Bi Tan: "Urgent dispatch is the fastest, and only the army can use it.".

77. Gold-lettered signboard express was first established in Song Shenzong to meet military needs.

78. The golden signboard in Song Dynasty is a kind of communication signboard. Wood, engraved with "red paint engraved with gold". It is engraved with "Imperial Word, No Entry", and the transmission speed is faster than ordinary express delivery.

79. A set of relatively sound delivery agencies, especially urgent delivery agencies, established in the Northern Song Dynasty were inherited by later dynasties and continued until the late Qing Dynasty.

80. Post stations are institutions that deliver government documents, and private messages have long been prohibited. It was not until 985 AD that Emperor Song Taizong issued a decree to his officials, allowing them to deliver letters to the post office from home.

8 1. The existing site of a pavilion in Gusu, located in Suzhou, was built in Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty, 14. The famous couplet inscribed for this postal kiosk in the tenth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty is "The guest has the right to make tea in the inn, and the lamp is hung on the Mingyue postal kiosk to reflect the distant Xujiang River".

82. In order to ensure the delivery speed of postal service in Song Dynasty, the organization was "geographical unity" (according to geographical conditions); In terms of time limit, it requires "caution"; In terms of layout, it is necessary to "spread across libraries"; In terms of supervision and inspection, the system of "divided patrol jurisdiction" is relatively perfect.

83. In Song Dynasty, delivery was the organization directly responsible for communication.

84. There were also delivery shops in Song Dynasty, which can be divided into three types: step delivery, horse delivery and express delivery.

85. Compared with the post office in the Song Dynasty, the delivery shop has three advantages: first, the distance is short and there are many institutions; The second is all-weather relay transmission; The third is to go deep into the mainland and form a large-scale communication network extending in all directions.

86. In order to communicate between the central and local governments, and between the rear and the front, the Southern Song Dynasty successively set up "reprimand" and "deployment" on the southeast coast and the frontier to deliver urgent official documents.

87. The earliest ancient local post office in China was a shop for delivering documents and personal letters, which was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty.

88. In China's historical biography, Hao Jing in the Southern Song Dynasty was the first person who successfully used Hongyan to deliver letters.

89. The Yuan Dynasty inherited the old system and was managed by the Ministry of War. At the same time, the Yuan government set up a specialized agency within the central government-the General Political Institute, which was in charge of the national post offices.

90. The post stations in the Yuan Dynasty were built around roads (prefectures).

9 1. The specialized agency for delivering official documents in the Yuan Dynasty was the express delivery shop.

92. In the Yuan Dynasty, there appeared several symbols of Chiyi brand, such as Jinyinyuan brand, Christina brand and Puma imperial edict.

93. In the Ming Dynasty, the central authorities responsible for postal services were the Ministry of War's Department of Vehicle Driving and the Department of Clearing Lawsuits.

94. In addition to the Ministry of War, there was also an institution closely related to postal services in the Ming Dynasty, namely the General Political Department.

95. Post stations, delivery and shops were closely integrated and complemented each other, which became the three basic organizational forms of postal services in the Ming Dynasty.

96. "Strict reply" is the certificate (certificate or passport) for the official to pass, and those without strict reply are prohibited from passing. In the Ming Dynasty, there were three types of Fu Yan, Fu Yan and Huo Yan.

97. Ming Post was founded in Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, starting from the following aspects: postal name, postal route development, compassionate postal transportation, postal system, strict law and discipline, and punishment of corrupt officials.

98. In the Ming Dynasty, the express delivery network centered on the county (state) grocery store and radiated in all directions, one after another, forming a nationwide delivery network, which was connected with the Shuima Post Station.

99. In the Ming Dynasty, at the local level, the postman was under the dual leadership of the minister and the provincial judge, and the provincial judge was the main one.

100. Huitong Pavilion in the early Ming Dynasty, located in the capital, was the hub of the State Post Bureau.

10 1. The disadvantages of postal services in the Ming Dynasty are mainly manifested in two aspects, namely: first, collecting postal money and extorting money, which harms others and does not benefit others; The second is to support the postman in extortion, corruption and bribery.

102. The postal service in the Qing Dynasty was composed of six institutions, namely, postal service, station, pond, station, institute and shop, collectively referred to as postal service.

103. The basic principles for determining the postal time limit in Qing Dynasty are: fixing the time limit and delivering according to the time limit; According to local conditions, treat them differently; Choose a shortcut, secretions will compete.

104. The communication in Qing Dynasty was carried out through two channels: flood and drought postal network with postal service as the main body and BBK postal network with express delivery as the main body.

105. Huanghuayi in Qing Dynasty was a post station where the capital was located, and it was also the general hub of postal delivery in China.

106. Ordinary official documents inside and outside the Qing government were delivered by express delivery.

107. According to its nature and content, official documents in Qing Dynasty can be divided into three ways: one is mailing, the other is express delivery, and the third is express delivery.

108. In order to achieve higher delivery efficiency on the ancient post road, the Qing government carried out a series of changes and transformations on the post office. First, "the post office is laid off and belongs to the county."

109. The rolling list is the list, which is attached to the urgent document. Only used in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty.

1 10. In order to solve the contradiction between the universality of communication demand and the limitation of postal delivery, the Qing government generally set up "county delivery" in counties without postal services to contact local communications and make up for the shortage of trunk postal routes.

1 1 1. The establishment of post offices in Qing Dynasty was more common than that in previous dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the national post offices consisted of nearly 2,000 post offices, more than 70,000 postmen,14,000 delivery shops and more than 40,000 soldiers. It is huge in scale, dotted with criss-crossing networks, surpassing any previous dynasty in breadth and depth.

1 12. In the Qing Dynasty, the appearance of "flying at once" changed the function of the post station from indirectly serving the messenger to directly undertaking communication affairs, accepting and delivering urgent items, thus greatly changing its functions.

1 13. Two official communication systems in the Qing Dynasty, one is the delivery communication system with "mail" as the main body; The other is a step-by-step communication system based on "shops".

1 14. After the semi-paralysis of postal communication institutions in Qing Dynasty, a large number of ordinary official documents flocked to Malaysia, so the so-called "postal transmission" appeared.

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1 16. Shufuya was an institution that delivered documents during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Chen wrote in Jinling Chronicle Poem: "Only the sloping wall, when the documents are riding, they will come and go on credit. I am anxious about Ma Yun, and my heart is like a servant. " This is a vivid portrayal of Shu Fuya and Yi Cha.

1 17. Our national information bureau was born in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, and all domestic information bureaus stopped at 1935, 1.

1 18. People's Information Bureau can be divided into two categories according to the different delivery scope, one is mainly to deliver domestic letters and remittances, and the other is mainly to deliver letters and remittances from overseas Chinese and their families.

Due to the limited financial arrangement of the post office, the actual cost is huge. In order to ensure the normal operation, in the early Tang Dynasty, the government generally appointed local rich households to preside over it, and appointed them as postal orders or postal arrests ("arrest" means mastering and presiding over it), responsible for the management of post offices, the repair of houses, the reception of communications and the submission of monthly reports, and subsidizing the losses of post offices. And some witty postmen use the social interaction in the inn to engage in business activities, which can not only achieve the purpose of "making up for the loss with business", but also make a profit. He Mingyuan, a rich man in Dingzhou, was in charge of three inns and became a famous industrial and commercial tycoon a few years later.