What is the specific work of property management?

Overview of property management knowledge

Property management began in Britain in the 1960s. At that time, with the great development of industrialization in Britain, a large number of farmers entered cities and rented houses. In order to safeguard the rights of residents, a set of effective management methods is needed, so professional property management appears. Since then, property management has become popular all over the world, and has attracted universal attention from all countries. At present, the property management in the United States, Britain, China, Hongkong and other countries or regions is very developed, welcomed by the government, owners and users, and is in the process of vigorous development.

Property management in Britain and America

1. In Britain and America, property management has become a socialized service industry. Anyone and any company can engage in property management as long as they have the conditions and obtain a business license. Most of these property management companies or institutions are self-operated and self-financing economic entities.

Second, there are many property management services in Britain and America, covering a wide range of contents, including the whole process of management and property use before and after property construction.

Third, the management method is very flexible. The owner or user entrusts the property management company to manage the property, and the management mode of the property management company is very flexible. Minor repairs and routine maintenance can be completed by internal maintenance personnel, and large and medium-sized projects can be contracted to other professional companies. A project or project, such as greening management, can be contracted separately or as a whole. The fee is negotiated by both parties, and the charging method can be based on the length of time or per charge.

Four, the property management service fee is agreed by the client and the property management company (or institution), depending on the market supply and demand, regional environment and the number and quality of houses, and there is generally no unified standard. There are many sources of management fees for property companies, including rental income, service fees and even government subsidies.

Five, the property management company (institution) personnel, high efficiency, less fixed personnel, some projects as temporary as possible. You don't need fixed personnel to contract, saving money.

Property management in China and Hongkong.

Property management in Hong Kong has a history of more than 40 years. The efforts of Hong Kong people and the active absorption of foreign advanced management experience have made the development of property management in Hong Kong increasingly mature and perfect. At present, a set of management systems and institutions have been formed.

1. according to the nature of ownership, residential houses in hong kong can be divided into three categories: first, public houses, that is, houses invested by the government and sold or leased to low-and middle-income families. These houses are managed by the Housing Management Office under the Hong Kong Housing Department, with sound institutions, professional managers and flexible management methods. Some projects are often completed by professional companies through bidding or contracting. Second, public-private housing. The third is private houses. The latter two types of housing property rights are generally privately owned, and the owners or owners' committees entrust professional property management companies to manage and provide services in the property area.

Second, there are many property companies in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, property management companies only need industrial and commercial registration to undertake business, and the Hong Kong government has not adopted a licensing system for property management companies (similar to mainland qualification certificates). So there are many property management companies in Hong Kong.

3. In order to manage private buildings well, the Hong Kong Government promulgated the Multi-storey Buildings (Owners Incorporation) Ordinance, which advocates owners' corporations of multi-storey buildings and establishes management committees. Owners' corporation is a statutory body composed of all owners, and the owners' congress is set up by more than 50% owners to represent the rights and responsibilities of industry owners' corporations. Owners' corporations employ property management companies to manage the property through bidding, agreement or entrustment, and supervise the operation of the management companies. The relationship between management companies and owners' corporations is employment and being employed, and there is fierce competition between management companies for being employed.

Four, Hong Kong property management company's funds are all from the owner's management fee, and the collection standard of management fee depends entirely on the actual expenditure of management work. Manage all expenses of the company, including staff salaries, office expenses, equipment maintenance fees, cleaning fees, gas fees, etc. , paid from the management fee charged. The profit of the management company is obtained from the management fee of 5%- 15%. The revenue and expenditure accounts of the management company must be made public on a regular basis and subject to the supervision of the owner. Some major maintenance projects involve a lot of expenses, and the owners' corporations must be consulted before they can be carried out. If not approved, the property company may not insist.

Property management in Korea and Japan

South Korea and Japan belong to market economy countries, and the development of property management is relatively mature. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, the legal basis of property management is relatively good. At present, the basic law of property management in Korea and Japan is the differential ownership law.

Second, South Korea and Japan have high requirements for enterprises and personnel engaged in property management, and attach importance to the training and education of employees. Property management companies in Korea and Japan need to obtain special business licenses to engage in property management. Property management practitioners must pass certain examinations before they can hold management positions.

Third, the social environment of property management is better. First, the public actively participates in property management; Second, the owner accepts the management form of spending money to buy services. Due to the fierce market competition, the service charges of various property companies are average, so the charging standards of owners are relatively clear, and it is natural for owners to pay property management fees. If they refuse to pay the property management fee, it is against social morality and national laws.

Fourth, the degree of specialization of property management enterprises is high. South Korea and Japan have relatively neat levels of building and housing management. Housing maintenance in a timely manner, no disrepair; Buildings and houses are very clean, and there are basically no sanitary corners. The management level of general residential areas in South Korea and Japan has reached the level of excellent residential areas in China.

Another manifestation of the high degree of specialization of property management in South Korea and Japan is the high degree of social division of labor. Property management enterprises are closely related to the division of labor and cooperation with other industries such as water, electricity, gas and maintenance. In some smaller houses or buildings, owners can easily manage themselves through this highly specialized social division of labor.

5. A characteristic of the development of property management in Korea and Japan is that the government relies on social intermediary organizations to regulate and manage the property management industry. The national property management organization in Korea is the Housing Management Association. There are many related national organizations in Japan, such as high-rise building management association, elevator management association and residential management association. On the one hand, these associations provide members with services such as market information and personnel training, on the other hand, they are also engaged in industry standardization.

Property management in Australia

Australia is one of the countries with the largest number of self-owned houses in the world. In addition to powerful investors, there are many small investors who are keen to invest in residential buildings in order to obtain legal tax relief, higher returns and higher safety factor than other investments. In this way, many professional property management companies came into being to help investors manage their own properties. The operational characteristics and processes of property management in Australia mainly include:

The property management company must have a license. Enterprises engaged in property management in Australia must have management licenses, and employees must have corresponding professional knowledge and skills. Because there are many kinds of properties, different types of properties have different characteristics and need different legal knowledge and professional skills, so different property management licenses have been produced. For example, those with residential licenses cannot manage commercial office buildings, and those with industrial residential licenses cannot manage shopping center buildings. In addition, these property management companies or property agents are also supervised and inspected by the government. If they find violations of discipline and law, they will be punished and sanctioned in different forms, such as fines, revocation or suspension of licenses, and even severe sentences.

Second, Australia's property management is divided into: multi-storey residential building management, high-rise residential building management and commercial office building management.

Multi-storey houses have a building management committee composed of owners to manage the external and public parts of the building.

It is a common practice to hire professional property management companies or property agents to manage high-rise residential buildings, and of course the management fees are correspondingly higher.

The management of commercial office buildings is generally managed by property management companies hired by owners. Management forms can be divided into two types: one is that property management companies sign contracts with various professional companies; Another is that a property management company signs a "second-hand contract" with another property management company. The first management is more common. Property management companies sign contracts with some professional companies such as cleaning companies, security companies and air-conditioning maintenance companies. The specific items and expenses of service and management are stipulated in the contract. Due to fierce market competition, when the contract expires, the property management company has the right to change various professional companies to obtain customer satisfaction and obtain greater economic benefits.

Another form of commercial building property management is called "second-hand contract", that is, the property management company of the building signs a contract with another property management company. "Second-hand contract" is mainly due to the economic downturn in recent years. In order to reduce operating costs and reduce management scale, property management companies that have obtained the right to operate buildings have emerged. Although it is not common at present, it is a new model of property management, which is worth learning from in China property management industry.

Property management in Singapore

Singapore's property management was promoted to the whole country after the government put forward the policy of "home ownership" to encourage residents to gradually own (buy) their own houses. After more than 40 years' efforts, a set of operation mechanism has been formed.

First, the property management organization system is sound. Singapore's property management is managed by Singapore Construction and Development Bureau. The Bureau has 36 district offices, each office generally manages 2-3 communities, with 4,000-6,000 households in each community, and the district offices generally manage 1 10,000-1.5,000 sets (households).

Second, property management is subject to the rule of law and has a wide range of management. In addition to making general provisions on property management, it also makes extremely detailed provisions on the interior decoration and management of public houses for sale. For example, strict regulations have been made on the time limit for new house decoration, warranty period and interior decoration projects, and all of them are managed according to law.

Third, the Singapore government attaches great importance to the maintenance of public facilities (equipment) in residential quarters and requires property management companies to provide the best quality maintenance and services.

Maintenance of residential buildings. The government stipulates that the external walls, corridors, stairs, roofs and public places of buildings should be maintained every five years.

Maintenance and repair of elevators. All residential elevators must have good performance. Once the elevator breaks down, the elevator repairman must be present for maintenance within 5 minutes.

Maintenance of indoor water, electricity and sanitary equipment. The National Construction and Development Bureau has a "hotline" to keep in touch with the maintenance teams of all regional offices and provide 24-hour service for residents. Each district office has a maintenance vehicle equipped with a wireless telephone to facilitate work.