The Constitution publicizes the whole of Zhou Chao! After the promulgation of the Civil Code, the comparison table of legal rights and obligations of all ages came! Attached are 50 hot issues!

After the implementation of the Civil Code, the legal age has changed. Our story begins when we press the timer of age from the day when the fertilized egg is fertilized. In fact, the law, like age, accompanies us all our lives.

Under 0 years old

The fetus can't be called a "person" in law, and the law only recognizes it as a "fetus". Although not a person in the legal sense, it still has legal significance.

Article 16 of the Civil Law: "Where the protection of fetal interests, such as inheritance and acceptance of gifts, is involved, the fetus shall be deemed to have the capacity for civil rights. However, if the fetus dies at birth, its capacity for civil rights does not exist from the beginning. "

In addition, in order to reflect the special protection of the "fetus", China's Criminal Law and the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment stipulate that pregnant women are not applicable to the death penalty and public security detention.

0- 1 year

0- 1 year-old-father can't divorce casually.

Article 1082 of the Civil Code stipulates that a father may not divorce his mother for a baby under the age of 1 year, unless the mother files a divorce or the court deems it necessary to accept the father's divorce request.

1-6 years old

According to Chinese laws, children under one year old are infants, children over one year old but under six years old, and children over six years old but under fourteen years old. For the benefit of babies, women breast-feed babies under one year old, which violates the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment and is not applicable to public security detention.

6-7 years old

Article 5 stipulates: "All children who have reached the age of six, regardless of gender, nationality or race, should go to school and receive compulsory education for a specified number of years. Areas where conditions are not available can be postponed to seven years old. " From this point of view, six years old is the legal starting point for a person to start exercising his right to compulsory education.

In addition, according to Article 64 of China's Road Traffic Safety Law: "Preschool children must be led by people who are responsible for their management and protection when walking on the road." Accordingly, children under the age of six cannot walk alone on streets or highways.

8 years old

According to China's laws, minors are under 18 years old, and in 2026, 5438+0, 1, 1 will be implemented soon. According to the civil code, 8 years old is a very important age dividing line, which divides minors into two stages: those who are completely incapacitated before 8 years old and those who are restricted after 8 years old.

12 years old

According to the Road Traffic Safety Law, more than 12 people can legally ride bicycles and tricycles on the road. In other words, it is illegal for children under the age of 12 to ride bicycles on the road, otherwise they will bear corresponding responsibilities in case of accidents. Here, I hope parents will take the responsibility of guardianship and don't let children under the age of 12 ride bicycles.

Therefore,/kloc-under 0/2 years old, * * * don't ride a bike casually!

14- 16 years old

14 is a very important and dangerous age. Because from this age, people are likely to bear the responsibility of administrative law and criminal law for their actions.

According to Article 17 of the Criminal Law, 14- 16 is the age of relative criminal responsibility. Whoever intentionally kills or injures people seriously or dies, rapes, robs, sells drugs, sets fire, explodes or poisons shall bear criminal responsibility.

14 years old is also an age limit strictly protected by law for some people. According to the criminal law, a young girl under the age of 14 has sexual relations with a young girl, regardless of whether the young girl agrees or not, she should be severely punished for rape; At the same time, both men and women who are under the age of 14 can become the objects of crime of trafficking in children and crime of trafficking in children. Since the criminal law only stipulates the crimes of abducting and selling women in crime of trafficking in children and crime of trafficking in children, it is impossible to pursue criminal responsibility for abducting and selling people over 14 or men over 14.

The Law on Public Security Administration Punishment stipulates that minors aged 14- 16 who violate the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment shall not be punished by public security detention. When inquiring about the violator under the age of 16, he shall notify his parents or other guardians to be present.

16- 18 years old

This age group has the same legal meaning as 14- 16.

From this age, people have the right to work, and employers are prohibited by law from hiring minors under the age of 16. Units of literature, art, sports and special arts and crafts that recruit minors under the age of 16 must go through the examination and approval procedures in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

In addition, according to the provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law, you can drive an electric bicycle or a wheelchair for the disabled at the age of 16.

The Law on Public Security Administration Punishment stipulates that minors who have reached the age of 16 but under the age of 18 will not be punished by administrative detention if they violate public security administration for the first time.

18 years old

18 years old, belonging to adults. Enjoy a wide range of civil rights: the right to vote and be elected, the right to participate in state management, the qualifications to hold public and social positions (including police, lawyers, civil servants), and the handling of companies and enterprises. Male citizens who have reached the age of 65438+February 3 1 the year before last 18 should be enlisted for active service.

Article 17 of the Civil Code stipulates that 18-year-old natural persons are adults. A natural person under the age of eighteen is a minor.

20-22 years old

According to article 1047 of the Civil Code, women have the right to marry since the age of 20. In the field of marriage, men get the right to marry 2 to 22 years later than women. Men and women who are under the legal age for marriage, and people who live together in the name of husband and wife, whether they have held a wedding or obtained marriage registration by fraudulent means, can not obtain the validity of legal marriage. At the same time, the state encourages late marriage, and those who get married more than two years after the legal age of marriage belong to late marriage.

23 years old

Those who graduate from law schools and other universities in advance and obtain corresponding academic qualifications and pass the judicial qualification examination may be appointed as judges and prosecutors. Of course, you must also meet other requirements, such as having China nationality, supporting the Constitution of China, and being in good health (see the provisions of the Law on Prosecutors and the Law on Judges).

25 years old

The Law on Notarization stipulates that citizens who meet certain conditions and have reached the age of 25-65 can serve as notaries.

45 years old

If you are interested in serving the country and the people of the whole country, and have the corresponding conditions, you are qualified to be the chairman and vice-chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) (stipulated in Article 79 of the Constitution).

55-60 years old

Unless otherwise stipulated, female civil servants should retire at this age (stipulated in the Civil Service Law). Male civil servants can work five years longer than women.

In addition, according to the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, the elderly over 60 should receive special preferential treatment and respect in our warm family, because respecting them means respecting ourselves, and anyone will grow old. Many preferential measures have been formulated for the elderly, such as stipulating that the elderly can take city buses and subways free of charge, and museums, memorial halls, libraries and parks are open to the elderly free of charge.

60-75 years old

At this age, if traffic accidents cause disability or death, the disability compensation and death compensation will be reduced by one year for each additional year.

Life is getting less and less valuable after 60 years old! ! ! (This is stipulated by law)

Interpretation of the Supreme Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Personal Injury Compensation Cases Article 25 Disability compensation shall be calculated according to the degree or level of disability of the victim and the per capita disposable income of urban residents or the per capita net income of rural residents in the previous year where the appeal court is located, and shall be calculated for 20 years from the date of disability. However, for those over 60 years of age, the age will be reduced by one year for each additional year; Seventy-five years of age or older, calculated by five years.

If a personal injury accident causes disability or death over 75 years old, the corresponding compensation shall be calculated as 5 years.

In addition, the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment stipulates that anyone over 70 years old who violates public security administration shall not be punished for public security detention.

die

Property is inherited.

If there is no will after death, in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 of the Inheritance Law, the property before death shall be inherited in the following order:

First order: spouse, children, parents.

The second order: brothers and sisters, grandparents, grandparents.

After the inheritance begins, the successor in the first order inherits, and the successor in the second order does not inherit. If there is no successor in the first order, it is inherited by the successor in the second order.

There is neither a first heir nor a second heir. After the property is declared ownerless, will it be owned by the state or by the collective!

Special attention: nephew and nephew are not legal heirs before 65438+February 3, 20201! ! !

(but! After the implementation of the Civil Code, nephews and nephews can go to subrogation inheritance! ! ! )

In addition, if you don't want the hard-earned property to become the property of your son's daughter-in-law or daughter's son-in-law, you have to make a will to make it clear that all the property belongs only to your son or daughter, otherwise it will become the property of * * * after inheritance! ! !

Extended reading: 50 questions and answers from birth to death in the civil code of ding ~ ~.

On May 28th, the Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a "declaration" of civil rights, and comprehensively stipulates that people's personal and property rights should be "fully protected" from birth to death. No matter what stage of your life you are in, the Civil Code will provide you with protection.

1. Q: Does the fetus have the right to inherit the father's inheritance if the fetus has not yet been born and his father died in a car accident?

A: The fetus has the right of inheritance. Article 16 of the Civil Law stipulates that a fetus is deemed to have the capacity for civil rights if it involves the protection of the interests of the fetus such as inheritance and acceptance of gifts. However, if the fetus has died during childbirth, its capacity for civil rights does not exist from the beginning. Article 155 stipulates that when the inheritance is divided, the share of the fetus should be retained. If the fetus dies during childbirth, the reserved share shall be handled in accordance with legal inheritance.

2. Q: Xiao Gang is still young, and his family was isolated because of the COVID-19 epidemic. Who will take care of him?

A: Residents' committees, villagers' committees or civil affairs departments. Article 34 of the Civil Law stipulates that if the guardian is temporarily unable to perform his guardianship duties due to emergencies and other emergencies, and the ward's life is neglected, the residents' committee, villagers' committee or civil affairs department at the ward's domicile shall arrange necessary temporary living care measures for the ward.

When Xiao Liu was 7 years old, he sold a watch his father gave him to a second-hand shop. Can his parents get it back?

A: Parents can ask for a refund. Article 20 of the Civil Law stipulates that minors under the age of eight are persons without capacity for civil conduct, and their legal representatives act as agents to carry out civil legal acts.

4. 13-year-old Xiaogang occasionally sees the payment password when his mother buys online. He used his mother's mobile phone to watch the live broadcast, and gave the anchor a reward of 80 thousand yuan on impulse. Can he get the reward back after his mother finds out?

A: There is a legal basis for asking for remuneration. Article 19 of the Civil Law stipulates that minors over the age of eight are persons with limited capacity for civil conduct and are represented by their legal representatives or recognized and ratified by their legal representatives; However, civil legal acts that are purely beneficial or suitable for their age and intelligence can be implemented independently.

Article 145 stipulates that a civil juristic act that restricts a person's capacity for civil conduct to obtain pure benefits or a civil juristic act that is appropriate to his age, intelligence and mental health is valid; Other civil juristic acts shall take effect with the consent or ratification of the legal representative.

The other party may urge the legal representative to ratify it within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice. If the legal representative fails to express it, it shall be deemed as refusal to ratify it. Before a civil juristic act is ratified, the bona fide counterpart has the right to revoke it. Revocation shall be made by notice.

5. Xiaohua was abused by her father. Does she have the obligation to continue to pay alimony after her father was revoked by the court?

A: Yes. Article 37 of the Civil Code stipulates that parents, children, spouses, etc. A person who has the obligation to support, support and support his ward shall continue to perform his obligations after being disqualified as a guardian by the people's court.

6. Online shopping goods are delivered by express delivery. Who will bear the risk of damage to the goods during the express delivery and before signing?

A: The seller. Article 5 12 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that if the subject matter of an electronic contract concluded through information networks such as the Internet is the delivery of goods and delivered by express logistics, the time for the consignee to sign for it is the delivery time. Article 604 stipulates that the risk of damage or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the seller before delivery and by the buyer after delivery, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.

7. During Xiaolan's renting, the landlord sold the house. Is the lease contract between Xiaolan and the original landlord still valid?

A: Effective. Article 725 of the Civil Code stipulates that according to the lease contract, if the ownership of the leased property changes during the lessee's possession, the validity of the lease contract will not be affected.

8. After the contract expires, Zhou Xiao wants to rent out the house, and other tenants will look at it. What right does Zhou Xiao have at this time?

Under the same conditions, Zhou Xiao has the priority to lease. Article 734 of the Civil Code stipulates that upon the expiration of the lease term, the lessee shall have the priority to lease under the same conditions.

9. Xiao Wang didn't read the format clause carefully when signing the contract, and the other party didn't explain it. Afterwards, Xiao Wang felt that he had encountered the "overlord clause". Are the relevant provisions valid?

A: If it involves clauses that have a great interest in Xiao Wang, you can claim that the standard clauses do not become the contents of the contract. If the party providing the standard terms unreasonably exempts or lightens its responsibilities, aggravates the other party's responsibilities or restricts the other party's main rights, the standard terms are invalid. If there are more than two interpretations of the standard terms, an interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard terms shall be made.

According to Article 496 of the Civil Law, standard clauses are clauses drawn up by the parties in advance for repeated use, and they were not consulted with each other when concluding the contract. Where a contract is concluded by standard terms, the party providing the standard terms shall follow the principle of fairness to determine the rights and obligations between the parties, and take reasonable measures such as exempting or lightening their responsibilities to remind the other party of the terms that have a significant interest in them, and explain the terms according to the requirements of the other party. If the party providing the standard terms fails to perform the obligation of prompting or explaining, so that the other party fails to pay attention to or understand the terms of which it has a significant interest, the other party may claim that the terms will not become the content of the contract.

Article 497th stipulates that a standard clause is invalid under any of the following circumstances:

(1) The provisions of Section 3 of Chapter VI in Part I of this Law and Article 506 are invalid;

(2) The party providing the standard terms unreasonably exempts or lightens its responsibilities, aggravates the responsibilities of the other party or restricts the main rights of the other party;

(3) The party providing the standard terms excludes the other party's main rights.

Article 498 stipulates that if there is any dispute over the understanding of standard terms, it shall be interpreted according to the usual understanding. If there are more than two interpretations of the standard terms, an interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard terms shall be made. If the standard terms are inconsistent with the non-standard terms, the non-standard terms shall be adopted.

Article 506 stipulates that the following exemption clauses in the contract are invalid:

(1) Causing personal injury to the other party;

(2) Causing property losses to the other party due to intentional or gross negligence.

/kloc-0 0. Xiao Fang was sexually assaulted 12 years old. She later learned more legal knowledge and wanted to sue for compensation at the age of 20. Has the statute of limitations expired?

A: The statute of limitations for sexual assault on minors starts from the victim 18 years old. Article 188 of the Civil Code stipulates that the limitation of action for requesting protection of civil rights from the people's court is three years. Where there are other provisions in the law, those provisions shall prevail. Article 19 1 of the Civil Code stipulates that the limitation of action for minors to claim compensation for sexual assault shall be counted from the date when the victim reaches the age of 18.

1 1. A pet dog got lost with its owner and was taken care of by Xiao Zhang. A few days later, the dog owner came to get it. Can Xiao Ming ask the dog owner for the feeding fee?

A: Yes. Article 979 of the Civil Code stipulates that the administrator has no legal or agreed obligation to manage other people's affairs in order to avoid the loss of others' interests, and may request the beneficiary to repay the necessary expenses incurred by the management firm; If the manager suffers losses due to management affairs, he may request the beneficiary to give appropriate compensation. If the management affairs do not conform to the true meaning of the beneficiary, the administrator shall not enjoy the rights stipulated in the preceding paragraph; However, unless the true intention of the beneficiary indicates that it violates the law or public order and good customs.

12. The ex-boyfriend made harassing phone calls for a long time, which made Xiao Fang upset and unable to live a normal and peaceful life. Is it an invasion of privacy?

A: The peace of private life belongs to privacy. Article 1032 of the Civil Code stipulates that natural persons have the right to privacy. No organization or individual may infringe upon the privacy rights of others by spying, harassing, exposing or making public.

Privacy is the private space, private activities and private information that natural people live in peace and don't want to be known by others.

Article 1033 stipulates that, unless otherwise stipulated by law or expressly agreed by the obligee, no organization or individual may commit the following acts:

(a) by telephone, SMS, instant messaging tools, e-mail, leaflets, etc. Disturb the private life of others;

(2) Entering, taking photos or peeping into other people's private spaces such as houses and hotel rooms;

(3) Shooting, peeping, eavesdropping or revealing other people's private activities;

(4) Shooting or peeping at the private parts of others' bodies;

(5) handling other people's private information;

(6) Infringe upon the privacy of others in other ways.

13. When Xiao Zhang was eating in the restaurant, the waiter gave him the food ordered by others by mistake. Xiao Zhang knew that he had brought the wrong dish. After the waiter finds out, can he ask Xiao Zhang to pay the bill?

A: Yes, Xiao Zhang's behavior belongs to unjust enrichment. Article 987 of the Civil Code stipulates that if the beneficiary knows or should know that the obtained benefits have no legal basis, the person who suffers losses may request the beneficiary to return the obtained benefits and compensate the losses according to law.

14. what are the provisions of the civil law for some passengers who do not cooperate with security inspection, "buy short and get long" and "dominate seats"?

A: Article 8 15 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that passengers should take the bus according to the time, flight number and seat number recorded in the valid ticket. Passengers who travel without a ticket, over-ride, leapfrog or take a preferential ticket that does not meet the price reduction conditions shall pay the fare, and the carrier may charge additional fare in accordance with the regulations; If the passenger does not pay the fare, the carrier may refuse to transport.

Article 8 19 stipulates that the carrier shall strictly fulfill the obligation of safe transportation and inform passengers of the matters that should be paid attention to in safe transportation in time. Passengers should actively assist and cooperate with the reasonable arrangements made by the carrier for safe transportation.

15. Xiao Liu participated in the football match organized by the company and collided with the opposing player within the rules, resulting in an ankle fracture. Can he ask the other party for compensation?

A: The Civil Code has established the rule of "at your own risk". If the other party is not intentional and has no gross negligence, it may not require compensation.

Article 176 of the Civil Code stipulates that if the victim voluntarily participates in some risky cultural and sports activities and is damaged by the actions of other participants, he shall not ask other participants to bear tort liability; However, unless other participants have intentional or gross negligence in the occurrence of damage.

16. Xiao Li found that someone posted false information about his AIDS on a certain network platform. Can he ask the platform to delete posts?

A: You can collect preliminary evidence of infringement and notify the online platform to delete posts.

Article 1 195 of the Civil Law stipulates that if a network user uses a network service to commit infringement, the obligee has the right to notify the network service provider to take necessary measures such as deleting, blocking and disconnecting the link. The notice shall include the preliminary evidence of infringement and the true identity information of the obligee.

After receiving the notice, the network service provider shall promptly forward the notice to the relevant network users and take necessary measures according to the preliminary evidence of infringement and the type of service; If necessary measures are not taken in time, the expanded damage shall be jointly and severally liable with the network users.

If the obligee causes damage to the network user or network service provider due to the wrong notice, it shall bear the tort liability. Where there are other provisions in the law, those provisions shall prevail.

17. Xiao Chen was walking normally on the sidewalk and was injured by a bicycle coming from behind. The other party tried to escape, and there were no cameras around. Can Xiao Chen detain each other's bicycles?

A: The Civil Code stipulates the "self-help behavior" system. Xiao Ming can take reasonable measures such as seizing the property of the infringer within the necessary scope, but he should immediately request the relevant state organs to deal with it.

Article 177 of the Civil Law stipulates that if the legitimate rights and interests are infringed, the situation is urgent, and the protection of state organs cannot be obtained in time, and the legitimate rights and interests will be irretrievably damaged if measures are not taken immediately, the victim may take reasonable measures such as seizing the infringer's property within the necessary scope to protect his legitimate rights and interests; However, it should immediately request the relevant state organs to handle it.

18. When Xiao Liu was walking in the community, he was injured by a window falling from a residential building. Is the property responsible?

Answer: If the property fails to take necessary safety measures, it shall bear the responsibility. Article 1254 of the Civil Code stipulates that it is forbidden to throw objects from buildings. If an object thrown from a building or an object falling from a building causes damage to others, the infringer shall bear tort liability according to law; If it is difficult to determine the specific infringer after investigation, in addition to being able to prove that he is not an infringer, the user of the building who may cause harm shall be compensated. After compensation, the user of the building who may cause damage has the right to recover from the infringer. Property service enterprises and other building managers shall take necessary safety measures to prevent the occurrence of the situations mentioned in the preceding paragraph; Those who fail to take necessary security measures shall bear the tort liability for failing to fulfill their security obligations according to law. In case of the circumstances specified in the first paragraph of this article, the public security organ and other organs shall promptly investigate and find out the responsible person according to law.

19. How to define the scope of relatives, close relatives and family members?

A: Article 1045 of the Civil Code stipulates that relatives include spouses, blood relatives and in-laws. Spouse, parents, children, brothers and sisters, grandparents, grandparents, grandchildren and grandchildren are close relatives. Close relatives such as spouses, parents and children living together are family members.

20. Xiao Zhang abandoned his pet dog, which bit others while wandering. Does Xiao Zhang take responsibility?

Xiao Zhang should bear the responsibility. Article 1249 of the Civil Code stipulates that if an abandoned or escaped animal causes damage to others in the process of abandonment or escape, the original owner or manager of the animal shall bear the tort liability.

2 1. Little Lu Yu, a child fell into the water and bravely jumped into the water to save people, causing local contusion in the process of saving children. Should pony pay for it?

Answer: No, Article 184 of the General Principles of the Civil Law stipulates that the salvor shall not bear civil liability if he causes damage to the rescued person due to the courageous implementation of emergency assistance.

22. Does Xiao Zhang need compensation when he meets a man who is violently attacking a woman and prevents the violent man from hurting the other party?

A: No compensation is required for the damage caused within a reasonable range. Article 181 of the Civil Code stipulates that those who cause damage due to justifiable defense shall not bear civil liability. If justifiable defense exceeds the necessary limit and causes undue damage, the justifiable defender shall bear corresponding civil liability.

23. If Xiao Zhang stopped the violent man and his famous brand glasses were broken by the other party, how should he claim compensation?

A: You can directly claim compensation from the violent man. If the violent man escapes or is unable to pay compensation, the rescued woman shall make appropriate compensation. Article 183 of the Civil Code stipulates that the infringer shall bear civil liability for damage caused by protecting the civil rights and interests of others, and the beneficiary may give appropriate compensation. If no infringer or infringer escapes or is unable to bear civil liability, and the victim requests compensation, the beneficiary shall give appropriate compensation.

24. A 37-year-old single man has a criminal record of sexually assaulting girls. Can he adopt his daughter?

A: No, in order to further strengthen the protection of the adoptee's interests, the Civil Code has added the stipulation that "there is a criminal record that is not conducive to the healthy growth of the adoptee" to the conditions of the adopter, and added the stipulation that the civil affairs department should conduct adoption evaluation according to law. In addition, Article 102 of the Civil Code stipulates that if a spouse adopts a child of the opposite sex, the age difference between the adopter and the adoptee should be over 40 years old.

25. Xiao Zhao's girlfriend was seriously ill, but she kept it from Xiao Zhao. After marriage, Xiao Zhao found that she could ask for a divorce.

A: You can ask the court to cancel the marriage. Article 1053 of the Civil Code stipulates that if one party suffers from serious illness, it shall truthfully inform the other party before marriage registration; If it fails to tell the truth, the other party may request the people's court to cancel the marriage. A request for the annulment of a marriage shall be made within one year from the date when he knows or should know the reasons for the annulment.

26. What are the rules for children to choose their surnames?

Answer: Article 10 15 of the Civil Code stipulates that a natural person should take his father's surname or his mother's surname, but in any of the following circumstances, he may choose a surname other than his father's surname or his mother's surname: (1) Choose the surnames of other immediate elders and blood relatives; (2) Choosing the surname of the supporter because of the support of a person other than the legal supporter; (three) there are other legitimate reasons that do not violate public order and good customs. The surnames of natural persons of ethnic minorities can follow their own cultural traditions and customs.

27. A couple already has a child, can they adopt another child?

A: Eligible adopters with only one child can only adopt one child. The adoption of orphans is not restricted by the presence or absence of children. Article 1098 of the Civil Code stipulates that the adopter shall meet the following conditions at the same time: (1) No children or only one child; (2) Having the ability to support, educate and protect the adoptee; (3) Not suffering from diseases that are medically considered unsuitable for adopting children; (4) All criminal records that are not conducive to the healthy growth of the adoptee; (five) at least thirty years of age. Article 1 100 stipulates that a childless adopter can adopt two children; An adopter with one child can only adopt one child. The adoption of orphans, disabled minors who cannot find their biological parents or minors raised by child welfare institutions may not be subject to the restrictions stipulated in the preceding paragraph and the first paragraph of Article 1098 of this Law.

28. Who is the income from parking spaces occupying public roads and posting advertisements for public elevators in the community?

Answer: After deducting the reasonable cost, it belongs to the owner. Part of the operation, income and property of the owner shall be disclosed to the owner in a reasonable way. Article 274 of the Civil Law stipulates that the roads within the building area belong to the owner, except those belonging to urban roads. The green space within the building division belongs to the owner, except for urban public green space or express personal green space. Other public places, public facilities and property services within the building division are owned by the owner.

Article 275 stipulates that the ownership of parking spaces and garages planned for parking cars within a building division shall be agreed upon by the parties concerned through buying, selling, giving or leasing. Parking spaces that occupy roads or other venues owned by the owner for parking cars shall be owned by the owner.

Article 282 stipulates that the income earned by the construction unit, the realty service enterprise or other managers from the owner shall be owned by the owner after deducting reasonable expenses.

Article 943 stipulates that property service providers shall regularly report service items, responsible personnel and quality requirements.