General knowledge of water heating and electricity for structural specialty

1. Which major, architecture, structure, water heating and electricity, has the most drawings changes?

1. Modification of scheme stage: If there is no special scheme, all modifications and adjustments will be made by the building.

2. Construction drawing revision stage: once the scheme is determined, it will enter the construction drawing stage. It can be said that the building is moving, the structure is half-life, and the water and electricity are very easy. Explain that it only takes more than ten minutes to partially renovate the building, and so does water and electricity. However, the model of the structure will change, the load may change, the calculation result will change, the original parameters are not enough, it will take a lot of time to modify and adjust, and it is possible to redraw the reinforcement diagram.

3. Party A proposes to change the drawings of the construction site. Because the plan will not change, there are fewer buildings, and because there are fewer buildings, there is less water heating and electricity. However, no matter how big the structure changes, it must be calculated and rechecked as long as it involves the change of size or load.

Architecture is an upstream major. He's changed. Everything's changed. Hydropower is a downstream major. If he changes it, it will not affect the building, but it will affect the structure. For example, if he moves the water tank, your beam plane will change. Gagaga

To sum up, there is no need to say anything.

2. Water heating knowledge I want to learn some knowledge about water heating, which is related to the use and maintenance of pipe fittings.

Basic knowledge of safe operation 1.

The mechanical equipment used to install plumbing pipes or equipment should have a special final switch box, and the distance between the switch box and the mechanical equipment should not be more than 3 meters. The system of "one machine, one brake, one leaking box" must be implemented. 2。

Do not remove or replace the plug of the tool at will. When the original plug is damaged, it should be replaced in time. Q plug of the same model. 3。

When the plumber carries out prefabrication and installation on site, the workplace should be dry and flat. When the machine and tools work at the same time, there must be enough operating space.

4。 The rigging used for hoisting the air duct shall be firm. During hoisting, slings and air ducts shall be bound and fixed, and a safe distance shall be kept from wires.

5。 When hoisting the pipeline, the chain-falling load should match the hoisting weight, and the chain-falling condition is good. It is forbidden to stand under the crane, and the chain can be loosened only after the pipeline is firmly fixed.

6。 When mechanical knocking on the pipeline, no one is allowed to stand under the pipeline, and people should avoid it when manual knocking; No one is allowed in front of the nozzle when the pipeline is heated.

7。 Riser installation should be carried out from bottom to top. After installation, the riser should be fixed in time to avoid accidents.

8。 The pipeline should move synchronously with the corresponding parts, and the movement should be coordinated. Hands must not be placed at the joint of nozzle and flange.

9。 When turning the workpiece, it should be prevented from sliding and tilting to avoid accidents.

10。 Bend a pipe with a manual pipe bender? Traces? ρ ≡ straw? A > Uighurs? A slap in the face with yellow sauce? What's the matter with you? Hey? Garden cheese? 1。

Zipper or pull rope should be added between folding ladders; Use a ladder on the smooth ground, and the feet of the ladder should have insulating sleeves or rubber pads; Ladders used on the dirt floor should be fixed with iron heads at their feet; When using the folding ladder, the upper included angle should be 35 degrees to 45 degrees. 12。

The upper and lower ladders must face the ladder, and appliances are not allowed. 13。

When installing the pipeline, the completed structure or operating platform must be used as a foothold, and it is forbidden to stand or walk on the pipeline being installed. 14。

When assembling the air duct, the flange hole should be sharp; Pry in the middle. Do not touch with your fingers. 15。

When riveting the flange and waist hoop in the air duct, the cooperating personnel outside the air duct should avoid the riveting position. 16。

When threading, it is not allowed to make a phone call or blow on the nozzle to prevent elastic hook eye. Cooperate with each other when threading to prevent people from squeezing their hands. 17。

When the brick wall of the floor is pierced, no one can get close to it under the floor or behind the wall. 18。

Wear protective glasses when drilling holes, the hammer must not be loose, and the pipe hole must be tapped slowly when penetrating. 19。

Wear protective equipment (safety helmet, insulating shoes and insulating gloves) when welding and gas welding. 20。

Cut the pipe with sawing machine, hacksaw frame, pipe cutter and grinding wheel pipe cutter. Pad the card firmly; When cutting off, don't use too much force, hold it by hand or bracket.

2 1。 When using the square folding machine, the operators should cooperate with each other and keep a certain distance from the square folding machine to avoid being injured by the overturned steel plate and counterweight.

You can refer to China Water Heating Network.

3. Which is the most difficult, architecture, structure, water heating or electricity?

Nothing is more bitter than this. First of all, the architectural design will be urged by Party A all day, and its efforts for decades may be rejected by Party A.. What is even more painful is to follow up a big project for several years, and Party A closes down or the project aborts, leaving nothing; If you are engaged in the construction or design management of Party A, there are too many people to contact. From top to bottom, both inside and outside the company, you should always be the cannon fodder or the back pot department of the company. In front of the boss, you are a professional, but your professional opinion is the least valued. The same words are not as convincing as Party B, and anyone who can read some pictures can give you advice, and when you explain them carefully, others will say to you, "Don't do that."

The specialty of structure and equipment is relatively professional, and it is difficult for laymen and even construction professionals to intervene or dictate. However, the architectural specialty may occasionally go to the site for guidance or supervision after the construction starts, so the structure and equipment specialty will often even stay at the construction site to cooperate, and many problems will arise when many specialties finally cooperate with the drawings. As long as there are a few changes in the architectural drawings, the drawings of various disciplines may have to be changed or even restated. That's even harder. I don't know. I can only say which major finds it hard, but it's really hard to compare. There is no way.

4. Knowledge related to pipeline maintenance.

I. Maintenance standard of plumbing equipment Author: admin Source: original website 1 scope 1.

1 this standard specifies the responsibilities, basic skills, work contents, requirements and methods, inspection and assessment of the plumbing equipment maintenance post of Zeneng Industrial Co., Ltd. of Xiangfan Electric Power Group. 1。

This standard is applicable to the work of plumbing equipment maintenance workers in Zeneng Industrial Co., Ltd. of Xiangfan Electric Power Group, and is the basis for inspection and assessment of their work. 2 responsibility 2.

1 responsibility 2. 1。

1 Responsible for the maintenance of plumbing equipment under the leadership of the vice monitor. 2。

1。 Responsible for putting forward measures and suggestions conducive to the maintenance and management of plumbing equipment.

2。 1。

3. Responsible for the maintenance material plan. 2。

1。 Be responsible for monthly meter reading of water, electricity and gas meters (two or three days a week this month), examine and approve the number of users of water and electricity, and report the total amount of water and electricity to the monitor after examination and approval.

2。 Permit two.

2。 1 has the right to reject unqualified products (three products).

2。 2。

Have the right to criticize and stop operations that do not comply with the rules. 2。

2。 Have the right to stop users from changing facilities without authorization, and have the right to order them to restore to their original state after discovery.

2。 2。

Have the right to put forward reasonable construction suggestions for the project. 3 Basic skills of post personnel 3.

1 Have a junior high school education or above and be familiar with the skills of this position. 3。

Familiar with the specifications, names and maintenance procedures of pipelines and valves within its jurisdiction. 3。

Be able to handle the faults of pipeline equipment at any time. 3。

Familiar with debugging and maintenance of plumbing equipment. 4 work content requirements and methods 4.

1 Accept the tasks assigned by the vice monitor at any time. 4。

2 timely repair and replace the user's pipeline water meter, etc. 4。

3. Timely repair plumbing equipment, pipeline valves, water leakage, and timely handle equipment failures. 4。

If the equipment failure cannot be eliminated, put forward your own opinions in time. 4。

5. Write down the name, specification, performance and quantity of the parts replaced by the plumbing equipment. 4。

6, responsible for water supply, heating, based on the principle of saving, quality and quantity to complete the task. Inspection and evaluation.

The work of 1 is assessed by the vice monitor. 5。

2. The assessment is linked to the bonus of the current month. Second, the responsibilities of the plumbing repairman Article source: the property company of this department 1, responsible for the maintenance of the heating pipe network equipment of the whole school.

2, responsible for the daily maintenance of booster pump and circulating pump. 3. Responsible for the maintenance of water pipe network equipment in the whole school, and put an end to running, running, dripping and leaking.

4, familiar with all kinds of accessories, equipment models, save materials, repair the old and waste, to ensure the quality and economy of maintenance. 5, study hard business knowledge, and constantly improve the technical level.

6, complete other work assigned by the leadership. Iii. Water heating knowledge: Understand Europe and Asia 2007-12-2911:56:15: What are the risks of waterway reconstruction? A: The direct risks are: unprofessional and irregular construction, resulting in water leakage and economic losses.

Second, how to correctly select materials for waterway reconstruction? Answer: When choosing products from regular manufacturers, we should pay attention to whether pipes, pipe fittings and pipe joints are unified brands in construction contracting and materials; Pay special attention to one point: there are a large number of counterfeit copper fittings such as inner wire bends, and now the price of copper products in the international market is rising, making it easier to be stolen. Third, why PE-RT sterilization tube is better than PP-R tube? Answer: 1, PE-RT pipeline name: heat-resistant polyethylene (-40 ~ 1 10); Low temperature construction below -5℃ has no effect on pipe fittings; It belongs to the fourth generation product and can be recycled.

2.PP-R scientific name: random polypropylene, which belongs to the third generation product, is far worse than PE-RT in construction, transportation and cold brittleness resistance at low temperature, and all of them are unrecoverable (secondary pollution). 3. In Europe, 80% of domestic water pipes are pe fittings, and less than 65,438+00% are PP-R domestic water pipes.

4. Eurasian PE-RT home improvement tubes are made of South Korea's sk raw materials and adopt Ag+ (silver ion) silver-loaded sterilization technology to effectively kill Escherichia coli in tap water and protect the skin from bacterial infection after sterilization of tap water; The cost is higher than that of domestic three escrow. Fourth, how to design the waterway decoration of home improvement? A: First, the pattern of water-using parts should be generally standardized. Buried pipelines should be designed and constructed vertically, and the connection part with the external water outlet part should be perpendicular to the non-perforated area in the later period, so as to prevent the drawings of concealed pipes from being damaged in the later decoration process, including system description diagram, legend, pipeline trend diagram and accurate positioning size. Figure 5. What should be used to fix the fixed spacing of home improvement water pipes? Answer: Fix it with a special pipe clamp.

Fixed pipe clamp between straight pipes, the distance between pipe clamp and pipe clamp should not exceed 500MM, and fixed pipe clamp should be installed at the arc bend, and the distance between pipe clamp and pipe clamp should be 200mm ~ 300mm to increase the fixing strength. Sixth, home improvement and water improvement. Is it correct to fill the pipeline with quick-adhesive powder? A: Architecturally speaking, the materials used in the original grooved parts should be the same after grooving. The water used for home decoration is generally in the kitchen and bathroom, because it is necessary to stick bricks and fill them with cement sand paddles. It should be said that it is incorrect to use gypsum products as fillers! Gypsum (putty, quick-sticking powder) will cause the tiles to stick loosely.

If it is necessary to fix the distance between pipe fittings, it can be fixed with special fixing pieces. If the groove is extremely shallow and the fixing parts cannot be completely embedded in the wall, expansion bolts and copper wires can be used instead of positioning pipe fittings. Resolutely use gypsum products as fillers in brick-sticking parts to avoid unnecessary losses.

Seven, waterway installation, some people say that 8 pressure is appropriate, some people say that 10 pressure is appropriate, how much pressure is appropriate? A: This rude statement is incorrect. The suppression is generally 1 of the working pressure of the waterway in this area. Five times.

Eight, after the channel reconstruction, why do you want to carry out the channel inhibition test? Answer: Pressure test is a necessary link to ensure the construction quality. Some pipes or fittings have tiny trachoma or missing welding in the middle of the connection, which can't be seen by naked eyes. After the stress test, they can show their true colors to ensure that the construction is qualified. 9. Why are some companies' hydropower construction not standardized? Hydropower decoration projects account for most of the profits of decoration companies, and many non-professional companies replace plumbers with workers, which will inevitably lead to hidden dangers in the use of hydropower.

The plumber of a professional company holds relevant certificates and is responsible for site management to ensure worry-free construction. Before construction, there should be drawings.

Ten, for.

5. What are the common electric hot water technologies?

There are three common electric hot water technologies: electric heating rod, electromagnetism and PTC semiconductor.

Electric rod heating: mature technology, high market penetration rate, low cost, high power and easy superposition, but low electrothermal conversion rate, high operating cost, short service life of 2-5 years, poor safety performance, high failure rate and high later maintenance cost. Scaling is serious.

Electromagnetic heating: the advantages are high temperature heating, less scaling and less separation of water and electricity, but large electromagnetic radiation, short service life of electromagnetic controller, high failure rate and low technical maturity. For example, the industrial electromagnetic controller for heating has high cost and high operation cost, and its comprehensive life is 3-5 years. PTC semiconductor heating: mature technology, professional heating material, 30,000 hours long life, water and electricity separation, electrothermal conversion rate as high as 98%.

Less after-sales maintenance. Service life is between 15-20 years.

But there is a slight scaling phenomenon, and the initial investment is high.

6. Water and electricity safety knowledge

1, place electrical appliances correctly to avoid overtime use.

Electrical appliances should be placed in a place without direct sunlight or darkness, with good ventilation. After using the electrical appliances for a period of time, you should take a proper rest and try to avoid continuous use for a long time. Flammable articles are prohibited around electrical appliances.

2. It is strictly forbidden to use electrical appliances "with illness".

When electrical appliances are in abnormal conditions, such as peculiar smell, smoke, vibration, increased noise and temperature, they should be stopped immediately. Cut off the power supply immediately and ask a professional to repair it. Do not disassemble the electrical appliance by yourself, so as not to damage the internal components of the electrical appliance.

3, don't use wet hands, wet cloth contact charged lamp holder, switch and socket.

When using electric irons, hair dryers and other appliances, people should not leave. Do not lay wires and connect electrical equipment without permission or ask unqualified decoration teams and personnel.

4. The refrigerator should avoid being placed near the wall.

In humid weather, the wall is greatly affected by moisture, which affects the components inside through the small holes in the refrigerator, thus causing the interior of the refrigerator to be affected by moisture. Therefore, we should pay attention to the location of the refrigerator. The refrigerator should keep a certain distance from the wall and give priority to the location.

Don't hang the clothesline on the wire.

When hanging clothes outdoors, don't put the clothes rod on the wire or transformer bracket, let alone hang clothes directly on the wire or transformer bracket; Do not climb the tower or erect power lines, communication lines and broadcasting lines on the tower without authorization, and install broadcasting speakers.

6, don't build buildings in the power facilities protection zone.

Overhead power lines may be discharged or disconnected. In the event of an accident, residents under and near the line will be in danger of getting an electric shock. Moreover, cranes, excavators, pump trucks and other construction machines in the construction process are likely to cause line collisions and personal injury accidents.