What are the scenic spots in the Summer Palace?

The Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, with quiet scenery and beautiful scenery. Formerly known as Qingyi Garden, it was built in A.D. 1750. It is the last feudal flourishing age in China-"Kanggan flourishing age". 1860 In the Second Opium War, Qingyi Garden was burned by the British and French allied forces. 1886, the Qing government allocated funds such as naval military expenses to rebuild it. Two years later, it was renamed the Summer Palace as the place where Empress Dowager Cixi lived in her later years. Since then, the Summer Palace has become the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of China's modern history and a place where many major historical events took place. 1898, Emperor Guangxu met with Kang Youwei, a reformist thinker, in Renshou Hall of the Summer Palace and asked about political reform. After the failure of political reform, Guangxu was imprisoned in Yulantang in the garden for a long time. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, the Summer Palace was looted again, and the Qing government rebuilt it in 1902. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace became the main residence of the supreme ruler of China, where Cixi and Guangxu sat, issued imperial edicts and met foreign guests.

The Summer Palace is mainly composed of two scenic spots, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, with an area of 290 hectares, of which the water area accounts for about three quarters. This classical garden is famous for its magnificent scale and beautiful appearance. In addition to 100, there are many classical buildings with national characteristics, such as pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, temples, towers, waterside pavilions, verandahs, long dikes, stone bridges and stone boats, as well as the vast Kunming Lake and the majestic Wanshou Mountain.

1924, the Summer Palace was opened to the public. The Summer Palace is an important witness of China's modern history!

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional garden arts. With the help of the surrounding landscape environment, it is full of the grandeur and richness of the royal gardens in China, and it is also full of natural interest, which highly embodies the gardening principle of "although it is man-made, it is natural". Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers, accounting for about three quarters of the water surface. There are more than 0/00 scenic buildings/kloc-,more than 20 courtyards, more than 3,000 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and more than 600 ancient and famous trees/kloc-. Among them, Buddha Pavilion, Promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Humorous Garden, and Grand Stage have all become well-known representative buildings.

The main scenic spots in the park are roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area represented by the solemn Renshou Hall, which is the main place for Cixi and Guangxu to engage in internal affairs, diplomacy and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The living quarters represented by courtyards such as Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang are the places where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. The vast area consisting of the promenade, the back hill and the western district is a garden tour area for emperors to relax and entertain. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the resplendent buildings of Buddha Pavilion and Paiyun Temple start from the Yunhui Yuyu archway on the lakeshore, pass through Paiyun Gate, Ergongmen, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and Buddha Pavilion, and finally reach the Wisdom Sea at the top of the mountain. There are many corridors and complex halls, which rise layer by layer and run through the green house, with great momentum. The towering Buddha Pavilion has eight sides and three floors, facing the mountain and the lake, overlooking the whole garden. The winding west dike is like a green ribbon, spanning Tianhan from north to south. There are six bridges on the dike, which are slim and graceful and have different shapes. In the vast Kunming Lake, the majestic 17-hole bridge, such as Changhong Crescent Moon, is reflected on the water, and the three islands, Hanxu Hall, Jianzao Hall and Zhijing Pavilion, stand tall, implying the legendary "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". I looked at the picture of Nongzhi, which was soft and picturesque. Emperor Qianlong once saw the living paintings of farming and weaving here, which was very interesting in the countryside. Suzhou Street, which is connected with a thousand lakes and a river, is full of wine, breezy and bustling with shops, as if it were in the Royal Shopping Street more than 200 years ago, and the humorous garden is full of fun. There are famous Zhou Shi, lifelike bronze bull, Zhichun Pavilion and other scenic buildings on the bank of Kunming Lake.

The Summer Palace was severely damaged twice in history. 1860 was burnt down by the British and French allied forces, then rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace. 1900 was destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance again, and 1902 was rebuilt to its present scale.

The East Gate is the main exit of the Summer Palace, where there are many bus stops. You don't have to worry about finding a place to eat. There are canteens, tea rooms and restaurants everywhere.

Stroll in the Summer Palace

East Palace Gate: The main entrance of the Summer Palace is a dark building in Sanming. The main entrance in the middle is for the emperor and queen to go in and out, which is called "Imperial Road". The doors on both sides are for princes and ministers to enter and exit, and eunuchs and soldiers enter and exit from the side door on the north side of the south gate. The inscription "Summer Palace" is the imperial title of Emperor Guangxu. Yunlong stone relief has two dragon beads; The dragon is a symbol of royal dignity and a symbol of imperial edicts and decrees.

Renshou Hall: It is one of the main buildings in the palace area. It was originally named Qin Zhengdian, but it was renamed in Guangxu period, which means that benevolent people live a long life. It is the main hall where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu listened to politics in the late Qing Dynasty, and it is also one of the planning places of the Reform Movement in China's modern history. 1898, Emperor Guangxu summoned Kang Youwei, the leader of the reformists, appointed him as the prime minister and Zhang Jing, the government of various countries' affairs, and allowed him to specialize in music, thus opening the prelude to the reform and reform. However, the good times did not last long. Due to the opposition of feudal conservative forces, the "Reform Movement of 1898" finally failed.

Deheyuan Grand Theatre: Built in the courtyard "Deheyuan", it is the largest existing ancient theater in China, with a height of 2 1 m and three floors in total. There is a courtyard in the center of the lower ceiling in collusion with the upper stage, and the middle stage is equipped with a winch, which can skillfully set up a set of mechanisms, endlessly.

Le Shoutang: Facing Kunming Lake in the northeast of the Summer Palace, it is the place where Cixi came to spend the summer. The foyer is called "Shui Mu's first relative". The word "Le Shou Tang" is Guangxu calligraphy, with golden characters on a black background. In front of the main hall, there is a pier for Cixi to take a boat, and in the west is Cixi's dormitory. The east and inner rooms are places for changing clothes, and the main hall is equipped with thrones, imperial cases, palm fans, screens and so on. Four gold-plated nine-peach bronze stoves and blue-and-white porcelain bowls were all original objects of Cixi before her death. Outside the main hall, there are bronze sika deer, cranes and big bottles on both sides. In order to take the meaning of "Liuhe Taiping". Precious flowers and trees such as magnolia, begonia and peony are planted in the court. Take the meaning of "Jade Hall is rich".

Promenade: 728 meters long, with a total of ***273 promenades, starting from the Moon Inviting Gate in the east and reaching the Zhangshi Pavilion in the west. It is the largest, longest and most famous gallery in China Gallery. The theme of color painting in the promenade is very wide, including flowers and birds, trees and stones, landscapes and figures. /kloc-In the middle of the 8th century, Emperor Qianlong (reigned 1736- 1795) sent court painters to sketch the West Lake in Hangzhou, and obtained 546 scenes of the West Lake, all of which were transferred to the beams of Gallery 273. In 1960s, the China government not only preserved the landscape paintings of the West Lake, but also drew more than 65,438+04,000 colorful paintings with national characteristics, making the promenade a veritable gallery.

Wanshou Mountain: Wanshou Mountain is a continuation of Yanshan Mountain, about 60 meters high. It is said that an old man once chiseled a stone urn on the mountain. Because of its name Wengshan, it is facing Kunming Lake. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), Xiaozong's nanny helped the sage's wife Roche build a garden temple in front of the mountain. In the early Qing dynasty, it was used as a forage field for raising horses in the court. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), to celebrate the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, yanshou temple was built in the former site of Yuan Jing Temple. The following year, the mountain was renamed Wanshou Mountain. Moreover, the soil for developing Kunming Lake will be piled up on the mountain according to the needs of the original layout, so that the east and west slopes will be relaxed and symmetrical and become the main body of the whole park. The building was built on a mountain, and the existing one was rebuilt by Cixi after the British and French allied forces burned down. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyun Gate, Ergong Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and Foxiang Pavilion, to the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed.

Pai Yun Dian: It is halfway up the mountain in Qian Shan, Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, where Cixi held a celebration on her birthday. There are Paiyunmen and Ergongmen in front of the temple, and there are four halls on both sides: Zixiao, Yuhua, Fang Hui and Yunjin. There is a square pool between Paiyunmen and Ergongmen, which is covered with Jinshui Bridge. There are ear halls on the left and right sides of the main hall, which are connected in many ways in the middle, with a row of 2 1 rooms. All the buildings are penetrated by verandas and covered with yellow glazed tiles, which is the most spectacular building complex in the Summer Palace. Most of the exhibits in the museum are birthday gifts given by the governors and ministers of various places during the seventieth birthday of Cixi.

Four continents: the back hill of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, built in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, was built in imitation of Tibetan mulberry kites. From Dongsheng Shenzhou, South Station Buzhou, West Niuhuozhou, North Luzhou, Eight Small Buzhou. Sun platform, platform, red, green, black and white four Vatican pagodas, a total of 18 buildings. The center is the Buddhist Temple symbolizing Xumi Mountain and Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan. The architectural planes of the four continents are square, triangle, circle and semicircle, which correspond to water, wind and fire respectively. The building complex combines the characteristics of Chinese and Tibetan architecture and is built on the mountain. It is colorful and magnificent. Xianfeng decade (1860) was destroyed by the British and French allied forces. During the Guangxu period, it was partially renovated, and in recent years, it was greatly restored to reproduce the scale of Qianlong.

Foxiang Pavilion: Foxiang Pavilion was built on a huge stone platform 2 1 m high in front of Wanshou Mountain. Kunming Lake is in the south, backed by the Wisdom Buddha Hall, and the buildings centered on it spread out neatly and symmetrically to the two wings, echoing each other and being spectacular. 1860, Foxiang Pavilion was burned down by the British and French allied forces and rebuilt as it was. This is a religious building.

Shifang: Formerly known as Shifang, it is a famous water building in the Summer Palace at the west foot of Wanshou Mountain. It was built in the 20th year of Qingganlong (1755). The original Chinese cabin on the ship was burned by the British and French allied forces. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), after imitating foreign cruise ships, the western-style cabin was rebuilt and named "Qingyan Boat". The hull is 36 meters long and made of huge stones. The two-story cabin is made of wood, but both floors are decorated with marble patterns, and the top is decorated with brick carvings, which is exquisite and gorgeous. It is to let Cixi enjoy the afterglow of Kunming Lake in summer.

Nanhu Island and Seventeen-hole Bridge: Nanhu Island is located in the southeast of Kunming Lake, corresponding to Wanshou Mountain, with an area of about 1 hectare. There are Longwang Temple, Jianyuan Hall and Job Building on the island. Hanxu Hall on the rockery is the main building on the island, with a three-story watchtower, which is the place to watch the training of the Kunming Lake water army. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, it was transformed into a single story. Cixi once watched the Beiyang Navy exercise here, and the Longwang Temple was often used as a place to pray for rain in the palace, which was later called Guangrun Yu Ling Temple. When Cixi entered the park by water, she disembarked at the pier in front of the shrine and entered the shrine to burn incense.

Seventeen-hole bridge is connected with Nanhu Island, which was built during the reign of Qing Qianlong. It is the largest stone bridge in the park, which is composed of 17 holes and is150m long. It flies between the East Embankment and Nanhu Island, like a rainbow lying wave. Its shape has the characteristics of Beijing Lugou Bridge and Suzhou baodai bridge. There are 544 lions with different expressions in stone carvings on the bridge, and there are stone carvings and animals at the two bridges, which are very vivid and fascinating.

Zhenshui Tongniu: Located in the east dike of Kunming Lake, lying on the stone pedestal, it is famous for its vivid expression and the shape of a real cow. In the twenty years of Qing Qianlong (1755), it was cast with copper and called "Taurus". It is said that the flood has been suppressed. The back of the cow is also engraved with an 80-character seal script with the inscription "Jinniu Ming".

West embankment of Kunming Lake: The west embankment is located on the long embankment of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, which was built in imitation of Su Causeway in Qing Dynasty. Jiehu Bridge, Typhoon Shelter Bridge, Yudai Bridge, Mirror Bridge, Lianqiao Bridge and Liuqiao Bridge on the embankment are collectively called Xidi Sixth Bridge, of which Yudai Bridge is the most famous. Except for six small bridges, there are no tall buildings on the embankment, which looks deep and quiet, and forms a strong landscape contrast effect with the warm and dense scenic spot in front of Wanshou Mountain.

Daiyu Bridge: The only stone bridge with arch structure in Xidi Sixth Bridge was built in Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Guangxu period. The arch of the foot is high and thin, forming a smooth curve. The bridge railing of the bridge body is carved with sapphire and white marble, as white as jade, just like a jade belt, hence the name. Under the bridge, it used to be the entrance of Yuquan Mountain spring water into Kunming Lake.

Humor Garden: At the eastern foot of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, it is a famous "garden in the garden". In the 16th year of Qingganlong (175 1), it was built in imitation of Jichang Garden at the foot of Huishan Mountain in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, and was originally named Huixin Garden. Jiaqing was rebuilt in the 16th year (18 1 1 year). Take "the quiet interest outside the object, the sum of the field" and change its name today. Destroyed by British and French allied forces, it was rebuilt during Guangxu period. It is the place where Cixi watches lotus fishing. In the center of the garden is the Lotus Pond, surrounded by 13 towers such as Hanyuan Hall, Zhuxin Building, Zhichun Hall and Chengshuangzhai, which are connected with hundreds of winding corridors. The outdoor corridor is full of flowers and trees, uneven bamboo shadows and flowing mountain springs, which is full of Jiangnan garden interest.

Suzhou Street: Suzhou Street, also known as "Business Street", is located in the center of the Houhu Lake of the Summer Palace. During the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, it was built like a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Emperors often go boating, and all the shops are served by eunuchs. Xianfeng was destroyed in the sixteenth year (1860), leaving only two berths and small bridges. There are more than 30 shop numbers such as Mingpeizhai, Tuyun and Buyunzhai. 1990, Suzhou Street was rebuilt, and some landscapes were restored, making Suzhou Street a good place for entertainment and shopping in the Summer Palace.

Travel tips

Tickets:

Ordinary tickets: 20 yuan in the off-season (11October1March 3 1) and 30 yuan in the peak season (1April-1October 3/kloc). Joint ticket: 40 yuan in off-season and 50 yuan in peak season (joint ticket includes tickets, Dehe Garden, Foxiang Pavilion and Suzhou Street).

Transportation:

You can take buses 30 1, 303, 330, 332, 33 1, 346, 362, 374, 375, 904 and 905. The easiest way is to take the subway from the center of Beijing and get off at Xizhimen (not far from the zoo), and then take the bus. You can also go by bike, which takes about 1 half to two hours.

Photo tip:

The Summer Palace is also one of the must-see spots for many tourists. As a royal garden, the Summer Palace has many attractions. In the traditional architecture of China, the collocation of red and yellow is common, and the promenade of the Summer Palace also depicts various bright murals. Everyone needs to have a high-resolution digital camera and use a lens that can reflect bright colors when shooting such scenes. Bian Xiao recommended the use of SLR cameras here, and naturally D50 became everyone's first choice, because SLR cameras have a good performance in depth of field and detail control. There are several places you must go to the Summer Palace, such as the murals in the promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street and Seventeen-hole Bridge. In fact, the Summer Palace is the epitome of the whole China culture, and shooting from every angle here will become a good work.