Jia Zhu Garden-Telling the Youth Time.

? On June 29th, the day after we arrived in Kunming, Yunnan, we went to Jianshui. After visiting the Confucian Temple in the rain, we came to Jia Zhu Garden in the middle of Hanlin Jianxin Street in the center of Jianshui Ancient City. It has been raining all day, and it has just stopped.

It's my first time to visit Jianshui in Yunnan, and it's my first time to hear about Jia Zhu Gardens. At the gate of Jia Zhu Garden, there are several thousand-year-old trees. The tour guide told us that these trees have a history of hundreds of years, and they have witnessed the rise and fall of Jia Zhu gardens.

Jia Zhu Garden, facing south. See the majestic main entrance, three-fold water tile roof. It is said that there are several swimming fish and two golden dragons carved on the first double eaves, which means "fish jumps over the dragon gate"; The second double eaves are carved with Chaoyang and four magpies, meaning "four happiness is coming" and "prosperity"; The third double eaves are carved with bergamot, peaches and pears, incense burners, Aquarius and other things, symbolizing "Fu Lushou". Beside the carving bucket, golden horse and blue chicken are hollowed out, which means "resplendent and magnificent".

Jia Zhu Garden is the home and ancestral hall of the rich gentry Zhu in the late Qing Dynasty. It was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, which took about 30 years before and after, and was finally completed in Xuantong period. The building covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters, including a building area of more than 5,000 square meters. The main building is in a "vertical four horizontal three" layout. Taking the structure of "362 Hall" and "one courtyard and four small courtyards" as the basic unit, it is composed of multiple units connected in parallel, with a total of 42 courtyards and 265,438+04 households. The courtyards are stacked on top of each other, and the roadway is winding and deep. It is a typical parallel combined residential complex in Jianshui.

? The house pattern is orderly, the courtyards are layered, and the whole building is criss-crossed, carved with beams and painted with buildings, resplendent and magnificent. The layout of the courtyard hall is reasonable, and the spatial landscape is rich and continuous, forming a "maze" building complex. It is a rare mansion with garden charm in southern Yunnan, and is called "Border Grand View Garden".

? When I entered the gate, the first thing I saw was a moon door on the empty flower wall. The plaque with the words "obey the rules" directly above is the application of the "ritual" system and "religion" method in home life, which shows that the Zhu family had the code of conduct and norms for family members in that year, and the stone carving with the words "be cautious and independent" on the back. Perhaps it is to express the meaning of "behave yourself when entering the door and be careful when going out"!

? Next is Yulou. The Chinese Building is the embroidered building of Miss Jia Zhu and the only two-story building in the whole complex of Jia Zhu Garden. Serving the east and west sides of Yuhua Pavilion, and connected with Huatang, it is a special place for Zhujiajian women to study and relax. Later, it was changed to a private school in Zhujiajian Island, with ingenious overall building structure, exquisite modeling and exquisite painting.

? Shortly after entering the door, I don't know where I am and where the exit is, which makes Granny Liu feel like she has entered the Grand View Garden. If I hadn't followed the guide, I would have lost my way. ?

? Next, Lianke brothers and Guitang in Surabaya. In the ancient city of Lin 'an, the style of study was flourishing, and two cousins, Zhu and Zhu Chaocheng, took the imperial examinations successively. After taking the exam, they got the plaque of "Brothers Joining the Teacher".

? Next to Brother Lian is Xu Fangge, the embroidered building of Miss Zhujiajian Island. The commentator said that before Miss Zhu got married, the family was not allowed to leave Xiulou. The boudoir is silent, and the story of "You stand by and watch the bamboo column when the sun rises, and you hate the spring without saying a word" may happen behind the scenes at any time.

Next is the ancestral hall of Zhu, with Zhu genealogy hanging on the wall. "Poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music are all passed down from generation to generation, and filial piety and loyalty are passed down to future generations." This ancestral hall is a place where people worship their ancestors, and also serves as a family discussion hall and banquet hall. The whole ancestral hall is called "the garden in the garden" because of its uneven pavilions, lush flowers and trees and pleasant atmosphere.

Passing through the Zhu ancestral hall is Huatang. Huatang is the Zhu family stage, where there are more than a dozen figures and more than 70 kinds of birds, which constitute the relief of the champion, the squire fishing, the phoenix peony, the fisherman's profit and so on, which has profound implications and is intriguing. Touch carefully, with a strong sense of history.

? Opposite the observation deck is a stage, separated by a pool called "Goose Lake". On the surrounding slate. There are 24-volt poems, paintings and exquisite reliefs, and there is a delicate and ingenious water stage on the pool. But what's the use of this water?

? Anyone who has seen costume dramas knows that ancient people like to put the stage of singing operas on water, and there is a pool of water between the performers and the singers. So, what is the function of this water? First, against assassins, life is precious. Watch a play across the pool to avoid being stabbed. Second, put out the fire. Before, there were no water pipes. If there is a fire, spray it. The water in this big pool can play a great role when it catches fire.

? This stage is also beautiful. There are three bays and four stone pillars suspended in the water, which are called water platforms. It not only combines the symmetry and carving of gardens in northern China, but also combines the exquisiteness and poetry of gardens in southern China.

? Zhu's family rules are hung in a prominent position in Zhu's family training hall, which shows the strict family rules of this family.

? Next, I visited Yuan Huantang, and the wall showed the development history of Zhujiajian for one hundred years. From the rich people whose businesses are all over Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Hong Kong, to the black and white figures in southern Yunnan, from the sound of guns in the Lin 'an Uprising of the Revolution of 1911, and so on, there are ancestors of the Zhu family involved, and the photos on the wall record the development history of Zhu Jiayuan. Cai E's couplet "Do things with courage, be a man without men's eyebrows" embodies the heroism of the ancestors of Zhujiajian.

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? After listening to the commentator's explanation and watching the exhibition of these pictures, I was deeply moved by the national justice and feelings of home and country of the ancestors of Zhu family.

The commentator said that Jia Zhu Garden was fortunately requisitioned by a hospital the night before liberation, and was spared from destruction during the Cultural Revolution.

? From Huaiyuantang to Shuijingtang, everyone is full of curiosity about the wells in the courtyard. I saw a hole in the stone fence by the well, and I don't know why. The commentator told us that there are dozens of courtyards in Zhujiajian Island Garden, large and small, and the wells in them all have holes next to stone guardrails. It is said that when it rains, the water in the yard will flow out of the guardrail when it is too full, but the ancients paid attention to it, so it is not good for fat water to flow out of the guardrail. So open a hole in the stone guardrail. When the water is full, the water will flow out of the hole, flow along the gully to the back garden, and leave the water at home.

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? When visiting the Wisteria Garden, the commentator told everyone that the wisteria in the yard was planted on the east side of the yard, symbolizing "purple gas coming from the east".

? Seeing the scenery, besides seeing the scenery, it is very important to understand its connotation. If you understand the connotation, you will understand the history. Zhujiayuan, what a wonderful word!

Passing through Shuijingtang and Wisteria Garden, we came to several inner rooms named after "Mei Zhu Lan Ju", that is, the four gentlemen in the flower, next to Guitang in Surabaya.

? Mei Ting is the first courtyard with plum blossom as its theme. The walls and doors and windows of the courtyard are painted with poems and couplets with plum blossom as the theme. In this yard, you can clearly see the layout of the house with "vertical three horizontal four horizontal".

? "Lanting" is the main residence of Zhu, and it is also the place where Zhu, the core figure of Zhu, lives. This is the main building of Zhujiajian Island, with three side doors and cloister doors on both sides, which is a typical layout of "six rooms, three halls".

? "Bamboo Garden" is the third largest courtyard of Meilan Bamboo Chrysanthemum. Its highlight lies in the "Five Blessingg Gate" in the courtyard, which symbolizes happiness and longevity, and is mainly for the elders to live in.

"Chrysanthemum Garden" is the last courtyard named after four gentlemen. The big water tank in the yard is a major feature, called "Gate Sea", also called auspicious tank, which can not only store water for fire prevention, but also be used to watch flowers and raise fish.

The Fourth Hospital, Meiting, Lanting, Bamboo Garden and Chrysanthemum Garden, is named after the four gentlemen of flowers, plums, orchids, bamboos and chrysanthemums. As a guest room area with accommodation as the main part, its tables, chairs, beds, stools and palace lanterns are all carved with antique furniture made in Mu Yun, which embodies the style of Qing Dynasty. Touching these furniture with a sense of time is like touching a long history, and my heart is full of awe.

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? Here, it is like a screen that opens every second, carved wooden bricks and cornices. Even the flowers and plants in the inner courtyard and corner are full of implicit beauty, dignified and light, dignified and naughty. No matter when you come here, it will give you different scenery.

? Because of the time, I couldn't enjoy the beautiful scenery of the back garden. According to the tour guide, the back garden is more beautiful.

? After visiting Jia Zhu Garden, I have to say that many buildings not only look beautiful, but also have a different mood and feeling when I visit them after I understand their meaning. I walked up and down in the garden full of historical sense, impetuous.

Out of Zhujiajian Garden, my heart didn't come out, but stayed in Zhujiajian Shenyuan. ...

? This is an antique ancient building that people want to read carefully. Qingtang tile house, deep courtyard and Jia Zhu garden meet all the requirements of ancient houses. Despite the passage of time, it still quietly maintains its original posture and dress, as if the passage of time is much slower here. There is a yard inside. Bricks and tiles, grass and trees, a table and a stool are all filled with stories. If you listen carefully, they seem to be intertwined with the sound of flowers in the past, telling the old times. ...

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