Smart home wiring

For intelligent residence, there must be a wiring system that can support voice/data, multimedia, home automation, security and other applications. The system is also an intelligent residential wiring system.

Standardization problem

The so-called intelligent residence refers to connecting all kinds of information-related residential equipment through the home network, and maintaining the coordination between these equipment and the residence, so as to build a comfortable information-based living space to adapt to the fast-paced and open life of people in the information society. Achieve the requirements of safety, comfort, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and humanization. Intelligent residential wiring is a network nervous system that connects these devices. Because there is an objective big market for smart homes, and various manufacturers have also introduced various wiring products and solutions suitable for home applications, there is an urgent need for a home wiring standard that adapts to the continuous development of new technologies, that is, TIA/EIA-570 a- Residential telecommunication cable Standard? This standard takes into account the application requirements of telecommunications, video and home electronics, and can provide a basis for a new generation of smart home wiring products and systems.

The contents of TIA/EIA-570a include the purpose of standard formulation, scope of application, home wiring level, wiring specification of a single residence and wiring basis of multiple households or communities.

Scope of application of standards

TIA/EIA-570A standard is applicable to the current wiring standards of comprehensive buildings and related standards of pipes and spaces in buildings, and supports different kinds of applications in home environment. This standard mainly includes the requirements of indoor home wiring and indoor trunk wiring.

Purpose of standards

Mainly used to support voice, data, video, image, multimedia, home automation system, environmental management, security, audio, probe alarm, walkie-talkie and other services.

grade

According to TIA/EIA-570a standard, two grades are proposed. Namely:

(1) level 1;

(2) Level II.

Class 1 provides a general wiring system, which can meet the minimum requirements of telecommunication services. This level can provide telephone, CATA and data services. The first level is mainly composed of twisted pair, and the network topology is star connection. Therefore, the minimum requirement of Class I wiring is four pairs of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), and it must meet or exceed the transmission characteristics requirements of Class III cable and 75 Ω coaxial cable formulated by TIA/EIA-568a. In order to upgrade to Class II in the future, it is recommended to install Ca+5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP).

Class II is a general wiring system, which can meet the needs of advanced telecommunication services such as multimedia and support current and developing telecommunication services. The minimum requirement for Class II is one or two pairs of four pairs of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), which must meet the transmission characteristics requirements of Category 5 cables and one or two 75 Ω coaxial cables specified by TIA/EIA-568a. In addition, optical fiber can also be selected, but its characteristics must meet or exceed the transmission characteristics requirements of ANSI/ICE AS-87-640. Distinguish smart homes according to application types. The main telecommunication service applications include three types of cabling:

(1) information wiring;

(2) control wiring;

(3) Wiring of home electronic equipment and home entertainment.

Therefore, smart home wiring can have the following three media:

(1) twisted pair;

(2) optical fiber;

(3) Coaxial cable

In the specific implementation process, five types of products are recommended for user wiring media and information sockets. The socket panel can realize the combination of multimedia modules. RJ45 is used for data and voice, and can choose single-port, double-port or four-port sockets according to different needs of users. 75 Ω coaxial cable can be used for CATA. Residential wiring system usually includes the following three parts:

(1) workspace;

(2) horizontal area;

(3) Management area.

In addition, for multi-storey houses or buildings, the system also includes wiring in the building and main wiring in the community.

Working area

Residential workspace is mainly composed of panels and socket modules. Different types of modules can be selected for the sockets installed in each room of the family, such as five types of modules, TV modules, optical fiber modules, video and audio modules, etc. In addition, different styles of panels can be selected according to requirements, such as English, American, 86, single-port, double-port, three-port and four-port panels.

Horizontal area

The horizontal area of residence is mainly composed of various cables. According to the 570A standard, different applications use different wiring media. The cable used for voice system is Class 3 or Class 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) conforming to ANSI TIA/EIA standard, but Class 5 cable is recommended.

For data transmission, UTP of Class 5 conforming to ANSTIA/EIA-586A standard is used.

In the case of high communication bandwidth or anti-interference requirements, optical cable can be used as transmission medium.

The transmission of video signal adopts 75 Ω coaxial cable conforming to SCTE EPS-SP-00 1 standard. Coaxial cable can meet users' requirements for broadband, without expensive adapters, and can also save users' investment.

Management area

The management area consists of different series of installation modules. It is the wiring center of the system. It is equipped with high-speed and high-quality wiring modules and cable jumpers, which can provide voice, data, security, image and video applications for different families. All services are realized through the communication sockets/panels connected to each room, and the wiring center collects indoor/outdoor voice, data and image signals, and can simply connect related equipment by itself, such as telephones, computers, fax machines, televisions, etc.

Home distribution center (distribution box) is generally installed in every home, and the installation location can be changed according to the planning of the whole community and the access path of external lines.

The main optional components of the distribution center include:

(1) module board: telephone module board, class 5 module board, 1 10 distribution frame, video distributor, monitoring and alarm module, etc.

(2) Jumpers: five types of jumpers and video coaxial jumpers;

(3) Equipment: Ethernet hub and video amplifier.

Users can choose junction boxes with different specifications and equipped with different functional modules according to the types and needs of residents. For multi-storey houses or buildings, in addition to the working area, horizontal area and management area of the above-mentioned residential unit wiring system, it is also necessary to connect the wiring of each household unit to the main area of the building management center and the main management area of the whole building wiring system.

The wiring in the building adopts star topology, and the media used include UTP and 75 Ω coaxial cable. The wiring level depends on the specific situation. No matter which level scheme is adopted, it is necessary to set up a multimedia wiring system junction box in a resident, which can connect the junction box at home with the middle junction box in the building and the main distribution frame in the community. According to different community planning, you can choose 1-2 five types of unshielded twisted pair and1-2 75 Ω coaxial cable to enter your home. The alternative trunk wiring scheme is to set an intermediate junction box for each stair unit or building.

Each building should be equipped with a wiring closet, which should be equipped with a corresponding number of optical fiber distribution frames, a large number of twisted-pair distribution frames and CATV amplifier distributors to connect the backbone network and the user work area. All equipment should be placed in wall-mounted or vertical cabinets. Typically, the size of the cabinet is 19 inch. In the intelligent residential wiring system, the backbone system includes two parts:

(1) Trunk wiring between residential buildings;

(2) Main wiring of residential buildings.

Usually, the connection mode of star topology structure is adopted, and the transmission media used include optical cable, UTP and coaxial cable. Pipes or hoses are used for protection, RJ45 sockets and high-frequency wiring modules are selected, and optical fiber interfaces and wiring equipment for other functional modules are provided.

For the main line of the community, an intermediate wiring room can be set in each building, and then the main wiring management center of the community (park) can be connected through the main line between buildings.

Generally speaking, it is recommended to use optical cable to transmit data, UTP to transmit voice and 75 Ω coaxial cable to transmit video.

The main wiring room is generally located in the property management center of the community. According to different applications, copper cable distribution frame, coaxial cable hybrid distributor and optical cable distribution frame can be selected.