How to read Zhou Dunyi?

ZH ? u d ū nyi (ZH ? u d ū nyi) was born in Yingdao, Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province) in the Song Dynasty, a famous philosopher, and posthumous title (posthumous title, given the title after his death) was named "Lianxi". The founder of the school of science. Zhou Dunyi is the author of Zhou Ziquan's book. Zhou Dunyi once opened Lianxi Academy under Lotus Peak, and was called Mr. Lianxi by the world. Lianxi Academy is his lecture platform, and his theory has a great influence on the development of Neo-Confucianism in the future. Zhou Dunyi was the initiator who systematically discussed the origin of the world as a philosophical issue. Zhou dunyi

Zhou Dunyi is the founder of China's Neo-Confucianism, and his Neo-Confucianism plays a connecting role in the history of China's philosophy. Huang Zongxi, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in the case of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty: "After Confucius, Han Confucianism only learned to pass on the classics, and it has been a long time since then. The rise of Cheng Cheng's successor Yuan Gong ... If we discuss the subtleties of mind, nature and justice, we will break the darkness of several Yuan Gong. " He inherited the Book of Changes and some thoughts of Taoism, and put forward a simple and systematic theory of the composition of the universe, saying that "infinite and Tai Chi" and "Tai Chi" move without moving, resulting in everything of yin and yang. "Everything is born with endless changes, but people have to show their beauty, which is the most spiritual ("Tai Chi Map ")." The sage also imitated "Tai Chi" to establish "human pole". "The extreme of human beings" means "sincerity", which is "the wood of the five permanent members, the source of all kinds of actions, and the highest state of morality". Only through the main static, no desire, can we achieve this state. In the following 700 years, it has produced a wide range of academic influence. His philosophical categories, such as infinity, Tai Chi, Yin and Yang, five elements, movement, life, good and evil, have become the research topics of later Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi was not respected before his death and his academic status was not high. People only know that he is "outstanding in political affairs" and "outstanding in official career", especially "ambitious in the mountains", with a free and easy mind and a sage like style. However, no one knows his Neo-Confucianism. Only Cheng Taizhong, a judge in Nan 'an, knew that his Neo-Confucianism attainments were profound and sent his two sons, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, to his door. The latter two are famous neo-Confucianists. Hu Hong, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, highly praised the study of Dunyi, while Zhu, a master of Neo-Confucianism, highly praised him, stood up for him and commented on Taiji Shuo and Yi Tong. Zhang Qian called him "the founder of Taoism", and his reputation gradually increased. Jiujiang, Daozhou, Nan 'an and other places built Lianxi Temple to commemorate him. Ning Zongci called posthumous title "Yuan", so Dunyi was also called "". When he was in charge of the school, he established Zhou Dunyi's position as a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism by worshipping Confucius Temple. Zhou dunyi

Zhou Dunyi's temperament is simple. He said, "Taro dishes can die for many years. Silk cloth is food and clothing, warm and rich, and Corning is priceless. I am willing to cover it, and I am humble and sincere." He believed in the ancient faith since he was a child, and "honed himself with honor." He has never been greedy for money in his life and loves to talk about fame and fortune. He believes that "a gentleman values Tao, and he is safe and rich". Although he is an official in various places, his salary is very small. Even so, when he came to Jiujiang, he gave his savings to the clan in his hometown. Zhou Dunyi loves elegant, dignified, beautiful and clean lotus flowers. After learning the news of Nankang Army, he dug a pond to grow lotus flowers on the east side of the mansion. This pond is called Ailian Pool, which is more than ten feet wide. There is a stone platform in the middle, a hexagonal pavilion on the platform and a zigzag bridge on both sides. He often strolls in Chi Pan in midsummer, admiring the lotus floating in the wind and reciting the lotus of love. Since then, Lianchi has been well known. The Yanshui Pavilion in Jiujiang was originally built by Zhou Dunyi. Because the pavilion is in the middle of the lake and looks like the moon, it is named "Moon Immersion Pavilion". Later, he continued to advocate waste, taking the artistic conception of "thin cage smoke on the top of the mountain" and renamed it "Yanshui Pavilion". In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, inspector Cui Lunqi restored the Yu Yan Pavilion and established the Five Sages Pavilion, and Zhou Dunyi was named one of the Five Sages. There are Lianxi Road and Lianxi Neighborhood Committee in Jiujiang City.

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Zhou Zi lost his father when he was young, and was a saint in the Northern Song Dynasty for three years (1025). At the age of eight, he and his half-brother Lv Dunwen went to Hengyang's uncle Zheng Xiang with their mother. In 1037, Zheng Xiang was transferred to Caohe, the ambassador of Zhejiang Province, and Zhou Zi moved to Dantu County, Runzhou (now Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) with his mother. Because of his intelligence, kindness and filial piety, he was deeply loved by Zheng Xiang and loved Bai Lian. Zheng Xiang built a pavilion at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in the West Lake in front of his home (now Hengyang No.2 Middle School) and planted lotus flowers, in which Zhou Zi gained enlightenment. On midsummer night, the lotus flowers are in full bloom, fragrant and beautiful. Zheng's former residence was later changed to Lianxi Zhoushi Ancestral Hall (now the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University). During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1587 ~ 1598), Zhou Zi, Li Kuan, Han Yu, Li Shizhen, Zhu, Zhang Qian, etc. all paid homage to the Seven Sages of Shigu Academy, which is known as the Seven Sages of Shigu in the World. (According to Hengyang Dictionary of Hunan Cultural Celebrities, edited by Gan Jianhua, produced by Erya Culture) He loved reading since he was a child and was quite famous in Yingdao, Daozhou, his hometown. People say that he is "ambitious, knowledgeable and has the style of the ancients." Because of his extensive reading, Zhou Dunyi came into contact with many different kinds of ideas. He dabbled in Indian Buddhism from hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin Dynasty to China in the Han Dynasty, which laid the foundation for him to study China's ancient wonderful book The Book of Changes and establish his innate world view. At the age of fifteen, I went to Beijing with my mother and went to my uncle Zheng Xiang, who was studying in Longtuge at that time. This uncle is very kind to Zhou Dunyi and his mother. Zhou Dunyi's hometown

When Zhou Dunyi was twenty years old, his uncle asked the emperor to play things and got him a position of supervising the country. Zhou Dunyi worked hard during his tenure and won the hearts of the people. In life, Zhou Dunyi began to study the Book of Changes, and finally wrote his important book "Tai Chi Hui Yi Shuo". It puts forward a system of the origin of the universe. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties occupies an extremely important position in the history of China's philosophical thought. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties was mainly based on Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius, and absorbed the essence of Taoism and Buddhism in many ways, and gradually became the dominant philosophical thought in China feudal society. Zhou Dunyi was the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhou Dunyi's position was discussed in both Song and An: "After Confucius and Mencius, Han Confucianism only learned to pass on the classics. Sex has been whispering for a long time. " When Yuan Gong rose, he inherited it and then returned to Hengqu. Great Confucianists come forth in large numbers, and universities flourish. "Yuan Gong here is Zhou Dunyi, and Yuan Gong was his posthumous title. This passage clearly affirmed Zhou Dunyi's position as the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. He often travels with monks and Taoists, playing the piano and reciting poems. His knowledge and tolerance also moved many people to follow him. Of course, the most famous ones are Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Cheng Yi later recalled that when he was young, he was tired of the official career of the imperial examination because he listened to Zhou Dunyi's sermon. Determined to learn and explore the Confucian Saint Wang Zhidao. After Zhou Dunyi's death, with the inheritance and development of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's philosophy, his reputation became bigger and bigger. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi's ancestral halls began to be established in many places, and people even held him to a position comparable to Confucius and Mencius, thinking that his "merits overshadowed Confucius and Mencius". Therefore, the emperors respected him as an ethics teacher. And Zhou Dunyi did achieve the demeanor of a generation of scholars with practical actions before his death. His personality and thoughts have been admired by people for thousands of years. Masterpieces: Zhu Yuanzhang's Gong Ji, Illustration of Taiji and Shu Tong Zhou Dunyi, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, was the founder of Zhou Enlai, Zhou Shuren (Lu Xun) and Zhou Zuoren.

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Love Lotus (Song) Zhou Dunyi

On Ailian (Song Dynasty) Zhou Dunyi's Flowers of Land and Water Plants is very sweet. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, people all over the world have loved peonies. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous. Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people.

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(1) Ailian said: Gong Ji from Zhu Yuanzhang. "Yuan Gong" is posthumous title of Zhou Dunyi. The authors of Shuo, such as Illustration of Taiji and Shu Tong, are a school of ancient expository writing, and can tell things and reason. (2) Fan: More. (3) Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone: Tao Yuanming (365~427), Ziliang, posthumous title Jingjie, alias 56. In his later years, he was renamed Qian Ziliang, a famous poet from Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He loves chrysanthemums very much and often sings chrysanthemums in poems. He often paints with poems, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely" in the poem "Drinking", which has always been called a famous sentence. (4) Since Li Tanglai, people have loved peony: since the Tang Dynasty, people have loved peony. Li Tang refers to the Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was surnamed Li, so he was called "Li Tang". The world, the average person in society. People in the Tang Dynasty loved to eat peony, and there are many records in ancient books. For example, Li Zhao's "Tang Shi Supplement" said: "The capital is expensive to travel, and the peony is respected ... Every Spring Festival Evening, horses and chariots are crazy ... for profit, a book (a plant) has tens of thousands of people (referring to money)." (5) I only like lotus flowers, which are muddy but not stained. Yu: My sludge: sludge accumulated in ponds or ditches. (6) Zhuo (zhuó) is clear but not evil: clean with water, not seductive. Zhuo, clean the ripple, clear water microwave appearance, here refers to clear water. Demon, beautiful but not dignified. (7) No branches: Nouns are verbs, no branches, no branches. (8) The fragrance is far and clear: the farther the fragrance is, the clearer it is. Benefits, more, more. (9) Pavilions and pavilions: majestic appearance. Graceful, standing straight and clean. (10) Plant: ancient meaning: standing; Today's meaning: plants. (1 1) You can look far but don't play (xiè): You can look far but it's not easy to play. Wretched, closed, not solemn. (12) Hermit: Hermit. In feudal society, some people didn't want to go along with the rulers, so they lived in seclusion. (13) Peony is a rich flower. Peony is a "rich man" among flowers. Peony is a rich flower among flowers, because it looks gorgeous, so it is said. Gentleman: A person of noble character. (15) Yan (à): an interjection, equivalent to "alas". (16) love of chrysanthemum: love of chrysanthemum. (17) Tao Hou Xian (Xi m \u n) has heard of it: not since Tao Yuanming. Fresh: less. (18) Suitable for many people: many people, of course. Appropriate, appropriate, used with "Hu" here, it means "of course". (19) Who is the giver: Who else is like me?

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There are many kinds of plants and flowers on the water and the ground, which are worth cherishing. Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, people all over the world have loved peony very much. I only like lotus flowers. It grows from the sludge, but it is not polluted. It was washed with clear water, but it didn't look attractive. Its stem runs through the middle, its shape is straight, it doesn't entangle vines, it doesn't produce redundant branches, its fragrance is far away, it is more fragrant and it stands upright and clean. You can watch from a distance, but you can't play lightly. In my opinion, chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers. Alas! Since Tao Yuanming, I have rarely heard of people who love chrysanthemums. How many people love lotus flowers as much as I do? But there should be many people who love peony. "Shuo" is an ancient style, which often expresses its will by describing things, combining discussion and narration, while emphasizing some styles. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" is a rare masterpiece in this style. Express one's sentiment, ambition or thoughts and feelings with the help of a specific thing.

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Zhou Dunyi, a native of the Northern Song Dynasty, was famous all his life, not Wen Da. His character is noble, just as Huang Tingjian, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said, "His character is very high, and his mind is as bright as the moon ..." And his masterpiece On Ailian is the spiritual refraction reflected by his mind. Lotus is the object of admiration in literati's works throughout the ages, but most literati are amazed at its beautiful posture and simple appearance and shape it into a pen; However, this excellent essay has a unique way. Through the description of the image and quality of the lotus flower, it praises the faithful character of the lotus flower, and also shows the author's noble personality and generous mind. From the content point of view, this paper can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part tries to describe the image of hibiscus noble; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the lotus itself. In the first part of the article, I wrote that the beauty of lotus lies in its "net" character. First of all, "Out of the mud but not stained, clear but not demon" wrote the valuable spirit of lotus in the mud, but spotless, not following the secular, self-love naive and natural; Secondly, it is "straight outside and straight inside, not loose", which shows its noble quality of being connected inside and outside, straight outside and inward, consistent outside and inward, and not involved in clinging; Once again, Xiang Qing wrote the beautiful name of the lotus; Then "Graceful and graceful pure planting" is written in a straight and upright way; Finally, "you can look at it from a distance, but don't play with it" shows that the self-esteem and self-love of Lotus is respectable. Lotus, like a proud gentleman, will never be despised by ordinary people. Everything mentioned above is actually a portrayal of the author's personality and a self-evident mind, which can be proved from the second part of the article. As the author said, "Who gave the lotus love?" The subtext is that there are too few people with pure lotus flowers like him. In terms of writing, the two novels have a common feature, that is, they express their will by supporting things. Starting from "emerging from the mud without being stained, rippling instead of being a demon", this paper describes the bearing and style of the lotus with strong colors, entrusts the author's affirmation and pursuit of ideal personality, and also reflects the author's secular psychology of despising wealth, pursuing fame and fortune and pursuing a clean and honest life. At the same time, the article also uses the method of comparison and contrast, and compares the beauty of lotus with chrysanthemum and peony several times in the article; It also compares the seclusion of chrysanthemum, the wealth of peony and the nobleness of lotus, so that one of the themes of "Love Lotus" can be deepened, without empty preaching, but through the comparison of three images, it plays a role in highlighting the center and deepening the artistic conception, and the technique can be described as extremely ingenious. Moreover, the word "love" runs through the whole article, which makes the article structure rigorous. At the end of the article, the author laments that there are few real hermits, few noble gentlemen and many vulgar people who are greedy for money, which is intriguing and thought-provoking. This essay is also very distinctive in language, that is, it is beautiful and concise, and it is really as beautiful as a lotus flower-"Don't ramble." Graceful pictures are displayed in front of us, which makes people understand and reflects the unique style of lotus. Zhao Xinjian's Lotus Rhyme

[Interpretation] This is an essay expressing ambition with simple style, simple and natural language, appropriate metaphor and profound implication. Especially as the originator of Neo-Confucianism, Zhou Dunyi's works do not have the stale spirit of Neo-Confucianism, but retain the advantages of Neo-Confucianism parents in reasoning and discussion. The article first wrote Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums and the world's love for peonies as a foil, and then calmly stated the reasons why he loved lotus flowers. The phrase "get out of the mud and don't get stained" is a familiar fragment. Every sentence is about lotus flowers, and at the same time, every sentence is about a gentleman's moral conduct. Next, the author calls chrysanthemum, peony and lotus respectively "hermit", "rich man" and "gentleman", skillfully lends flowers to describe people's intentions, praises the noble ambition of gentlemen to like lotus, and satirizes the secular thought of pursuing wealth.

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Infinity and tai chi. Tai Chi moves to generate yang, moves to be extremely quiet, and static generates yin, while static moves to be extremely quiet. Dynamic and static are mutually rooted. Divided into yin and yang, two instruments stand. Yang is yin, and fire, water, wood, gold and earth are born from this. Five qi shun bu, what to do at four o'clock Five acts of yin and yang, yin and yang are Tai Chi, and Tai Chi is infinite. The birthdays of the five elements are also different. Infinite truth, the exquisite combination of 25 and 25. Avenue becomes a man, and Kun Dao becomes a woman. Two gases are born together, and everything is transformed. Everything comes into being and changes endlessly. It's just that people should be beautiful and most spiritual. Shape is natural, and God knows it. Five natures move, but good and evil are divided, and everything is destroyed. The sage decided to be upright and upright, different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions and stand out for the people. So saints and heaven and earth and their virtues, sun and moon and their brightness, four seasons and their order, ghosts and gods and their good and bad luck. The gentleman repairs it, Ji; The villain is rebellious and fierce. Therefore, the way to establish heaven is yin and yang. The way to stand on one's feet is to be soft and firm. The way to establish a person is benevolence and righteousness. " He also said, "First goes against the end, so we know the saying of life and death." It is easy to be great, and it is the best. Author: Zhou Dunyi (Song)

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Shaoxing people Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) and Zhou Zuoren are his 32nd grandchildren, and Zhou Enlai is his 33rd grandson. Nancun Village, Gui Long Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou is the ninth generation settlement of Zhou Dunyi, and now it has reached 3 1 generation. In addition, Mei Village in Longjiang, Zhenming Garden Village in Fucheng County, Guangdong Province, and Bian Xia Village in Taohe Town are all places where descendants of Zhou Dunyi 16 lived together. Now it has reached the thirty-sixth generation, and there are "Suixi Shize, Jishui Jiasheng". Ancestral couplet, with Mr. Mianxi. In addition, there are descendants of Zhou Dunyi from Jin Lan Town, Hengyang County, Hunan Province, Chaoyang, Guangdong Province, Zhuji and Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. There is also a descendant of Yuan Gong from Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and Zhoujia Village in Matian Town, Yongxing County, which is known as the Silver Capital of China. Now it has spread to the 34th generation. There is a family tree handed down from generation to generation! The patriarchal clan system (generation) is as follows; The origin of post-law and strictness has a daydream about the style of writing. He should be appointed emperor. Zhong You is a westerner and a whip. Guangzong showed his ancestors, Mo Lie was fierce, De Xiang opened, Yu Xiuxian had Taoist sound energy, and the ancestors of Zhou Guiren's 36th grandson (Yuan Gong's 20th grandson) all followed the Ming Dynasty. Now it has reached the 50th generation of noble deeds and the 34th generation of Yuan Gong (already)!