Beijing's "garbage sorting": emphasizing multi-governance, the government handles it at the bottom.

Reporter | Chen Xin Intern reporter Tang According to

Following the compulsory implementation of domestic waste sorting in Shanghai and other cities, Beijing, as one of the 46 pilot cities in China, has officially opened the curtain of waste sorting. On May 1 day, 2020, the new version of Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) will be officially implemented.

The "Regulations" quoted the names and expressions of the latest national standards for four types of garbage, and classified domestic garbage into four categories: "recyclables, harmful waste, kitchen garbage and other garbage", and made it clear for the first time that units and individuals are responsible for the classified delivery of domestic garbage.

Liu Jianguo, a professor at Tsinghua University Environmental Research Institute, told Interface News that the core highlight of the regulations implemented in Beijing this time is to clarify the responsibilities of all stakeholders in the waste sorting chain, including the responsibilities of units and individuals to classify and release, the responsibilities of production and service enterprises and government agencies to reduce the amount of waste at the source, and the responsibilities of garbage back-end collection, transportation and classification.

According to the regulations, Beijing's garbage classification adheres to the leadership of the Party committee, government-led, social coordination, public participation, legal guarantee and scientific and technological support, and follows the principles of reduction, recycling and harmlessness, as well as the principles of urban and rural planning, scientific planning and comprehensive utilization, and implements the city's overall planning and territorial responsibility, and gradually establishes and improves the socialized service system for domestic garbage disposal.

In 20 19, the amount of domestic garbage removed in Beijing was1011600 tons, with an average of 27,700 tons per day. Li Rugang, deputy director of Beijing Urban Management Committee, said at the news briefing on April 27th that by March 2020, the city's total designed domestic waste treatment capacity will reach 32,700 tons/day, which can meet the needs of waste classification treatment.

In order to promote waste sorting, Wen Tianwu, deputy director of Beijing Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau, said that from May 1 day to July 3 1 day, Beijing will focus on a three-month special campaign to strengthen the law enforcement of domestic waste sorting, focusing on investigating and handling domestic waste mixing and transportation.

For the illegal behavior of residents who do not implement the classification of domestic waste, Beijing will adopt a combination of education dissuasion, written warning and law enforcement punishment. The "Regulations" stipulate that individuals who fail to put domestic garbage into garbage bins according to regulations and do not listen to dissuasion shall be given a written warning by the urban management department, and those who violate the regulations again shall be fined from 50 yuan to 200 yuan.

"The penalty threshold for individuals is actually very high. Only when a person refuses to perform his duties will he be punished. This is more about sending a signal and playing a deterrent role. However, for enterprises responsible for collecting, transporting and disposing of garbage, the punishment is more severe. " Liu Jianguo said.

According to the "Regulations", the urban management law enforcement department will order the responsible entity of the unit not to put the domestic garbage into categories according to regulations, and impose a fine of 1 1,000 yuan; Those who violate the regulations again will be fined 10000 yuan, 50000 yuan.

Jiang Jianguo, an expert in solid waste treatment and a professor at Tsinghua University Environmental Research Institute, pointed out that since garbage classification is a law, residents and units must abide by it. Doing it well will provide incentives and improve the enthusiasm of residents and units.

The "Regulations" also clarify that the responsible persons of street offices, township people's governments and domestic waste classification management can encourage units and individuals to carry out domestic waste reduction and classification through rewards, commendation and points. According to the China Youth Daily, many streets and communities in Beijing have independently introduced personalized incentive measures, such as the redemption of garbage classification points and the establishment of red and black lists. Beijing will also give some financial rewards to communities and streets that have achieved good results.

However, compared with the harsh measures taken by Shanghai on 20 19, the measures formulated by Beijing are relatively flexible. Cai Huashuai, deputy director of the Facilities Department of Beijing Urban Management Committee, told the media that Beijing chose a step-by-step strategy with reference to the experience of waste sorting in other cities and combined with reality, emphasizing quality rather than quantity.

For example, the garbage classification required by Beijing does not distinguish wet and dry garbage like Shanghai, nor does it require regular and fixed-point delivery. The matching degree of front-end delivery, transportation and back-end processing capacity is fully considered, and the classification method is relatively pragmatic. "If people can't distinguish between kitchen waste and recyclables particularly accurately, they can put them in other garbage. This practice is highly operable and can also alleviate people's resistance to garbage sorting. " Liu Jianguo said.

On April 26th, 20 19, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments jointly issued the Notice on Comprehensively Carrying out Domestic Waste Classification in Cities at Prefecture Level and Above, proposing that starting from 20 19, cities at Prefecture Level and above will comprehensively start domestic waste classification; By the end of 2020, 46 key cities will basically build garbage sorting and treatment systems.

Interface news noted that among the 46 key cities selected in the first batch, Beijing, Shanghai, Taiyuan, Changchun, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Yichun, Yinchuan and other cities have issued regulations on the management of domestic waste, clearly incorporating garbage classification into the framework of the rule of law.

On the eve of the implementation of the Beijing Regulations, the 17th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee deliberated and adopted the revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste on April 29th, which will be implemented on September 1 2020. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes clearly states that the state implements a domestic waste classification system, requiring local governments at or above the county level to speed up the establishment of a domestic waste management system of classified delivery, classified collection, classified transportation and classified treatment, so as to achieve effective coverage of the domestic waste classification system.

With regard to the progress of garbage sorting in various places, Liu Lifeng, deputy director of the Urban Construction Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, revealed at the press conference of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on April 12 that by the end of 20 19, the classified coverage rate of domestic garbage in residential areas of 46 key cities was close to 70%. In other cities above the prefecture level, this work has also been fully carried out, and Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other provinces are planning to promote the classification of domestic waste in the whole province.

The effectiveness of promoting waste sorting in various places is also emerging. According to the data released by Shanghai, the amount of wet waste in Shanghai reached more than 9,000 tons/day within three months after the Regulation on Domestic Waste Management was officially implemented on July 1 day, 2065,438, an increase of about 2,000 tons/day compared with June/20 19; The output of recyclable materials is more than 5,600 tons/day, which is about 1.600 tons/day higher than that of 2065,438+June 2009; The output of hazardous waste is 0.62 tons/day; The dry garbage disposal capacity is as low as about 15275 tons/day, which is about 4000 tons/day less than that in June of 20 19.

Zhang Yi, chairman of China Huanlian, said in an interview with Interface News that the regulations formulated by Shanghai and Beijing are local regulations, which have great influence and leading role in China. "We expect that the introduction and implementation of the new regulations in Beijing will create more leading, operable and reproducible' Beijing Model' and' Capital Experience'."

However, Zhang Yi also pointed out that the challenge of promoting the garbage sorting process is * * *, which is not only a challenge faced by Beijing, but also problems in other cities. At present, it is mainly to overcome the "four difficulties": it is difficult to form the habit of putting, it is difficult to change the former, it is difficult to deal with kitchen waste, and it is difficult to form a joint management force. This requires a process.

"The most important thing about garbage classification is how the source can achieve the purpose of classification. This actually requires the cooperation of residents. How to effectively classify garbage producers according to requirements is definitely the most important and difficult step. " Jiang Jianguo analysis, in addition, from the government's point of view, after the comprehensive promotion of garbage classification, the garbage collection and transportation system will definitely change. Whether the government's terminal treatment facilities can meet the access and treatment of different types of garbage after source classification is also a problem faced by cities such as Beijing.

"Garbage classification not only refers to garbage disposal, but also emphasizes social diversification." Liu Jianguo told Interface News that Beijing's regulations mainly emphasize that the government regards garbage sorting as a public welfare and people's livelihood, and the government is responsible for the bottom garbage disposal. Everyone needs to do their own work in every link, and finally a benign operation system can be formed.