Questions about "Guangzhou Qin Hai Wan-Yi Li Yuan"

How many amazing changes have taken place in the world since mankind entered 2 1 century. While people are delighted with the rapid development of science and technology, they have also experienced more uneasiness and even disasters. In addition to the panic caused by the development of high technology, especially biotechnology, war and disease seem to directly bring mankind to the door of hell.

The epidemic of SARS in 2003, including all the speculations about SARS, is directly related to the global problem that people are paying more and more attention to: biological safety. Biosafety is a scientific and technological system for detecting, evaluating, monitoring, preventing and treating biological hazards. It is a new frontier discipline that studies the influence of various biological factors on human health, and applies existing theoretical knowledge, technology, engineering design and equipment to prevent people, laboratories and the environment engaged in related work from being harmed by potentially infectious substances and biotoxic substances. Biosafety problems are at least manifested in the following aspects:

The great harm of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases, including human, animal and plant infectious diseases, especially human infectious diseases, are the most important biosafety issues. Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world. In China, infectious diseases still pose a serious threat to people's health and national security. The prevalence of SARS is a strong proof. In addition, infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and influenza are still prevalent in some parts of the country and some countries and regions in the world every year.

Potential threats of biological weapons and bioterrorism

In the 20th century, the whole international community made unremitting efforts to ban biological weapons and made some progress. However, in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, the potential threat of biological weapons has greatly increased, and some countries and regions may continue to develop biological weapons. In addition, the rapid development of biotechnology has greatly enhanced the potential threat of biological weapons, and bioterrorism marked by the "anthrax incident" in the United States poses a real threat to international security. Yuan, head of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong, was the first scholar to isolate coronavirus, and found that coronavirus variant was the pathogen of SARS. SARS virus belongs to RNA virus, which is characterized by easy recombination with other virus genes and then mutating into new viruses. Moreover, many experimental results also show that the new virus produced in this way will be more toxic than the parent virus. Coronavirus can be found in many animals. This virus is easy to mutate and extremely dangerous. Therefore, Yuan believes that SARS virus has great potential to become the pathogen for manufacturing chemical and biological weapons other than smallpox.

Negative effects of biotechnology

The negative effects of biotechnology are as follows: first, unexpected security problems may occur when people develop and utilize biotechnology. Just as the environmental release of various genetically modified organisms is widely concerned about the harm to biodiversity. In addition, genetically engineered drugs, vaccines, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, etc. There may be similar problems. The misuse and unethical application of biotechnology may also bring great security risks. The study of somatic cell cloning is a prominent example.

Threats to biological resources and biodiversity

From the perspective of biosafety, the invasion of alien species and the loss of biological resources may cause great harm to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms poses a great threat to biodiversity.

Potential safety hazards in microbiology laboratory

Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other laboratories, the microbiology and biomedical laboratory is a special laboratory. Everyone who works in it and the surrounding environment in contact with it are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases or affecting health. Omissions and accidents in microbiology laboratory management will not only lead to infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are common. In serious cases, thousands of experimental animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.

At present, with the rapid development of biotechnology, biosafety has become a major proposition that affects the politics, economy, security and peace of the whole country and even the whole world. In recent years, especially after the "anthrax infection incident" in the United States, biosafety issues have attracted much attention at home and abroad, and biosafety terms often appear in government or non-governmental organization documents and in various media. The global epidemic of SARS will undoubtedly make countries around the world pay more attention to biological safety and regard it as an integral part of national security.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Scientific and Technological Development: A Record of the 2003 International University Debate Competition (8)

Representative: University of Malaya, Malaysia

Against: Shixin University, Taiwan, China

In the evening, the University of Malaya will compete with Shixin University. In the light, two teams lined up on both sides. This contest is about whether the development of science and technology will promote or inhibit people's all-round development.

The University of Malaya is a square. A female general stood up and shouted: from printing to papermaking, from word processor to the enjoyment of online information, technology has deepened people's intelligence, which is the humanistic motivation; In terms of people's spiritual values, science and technology have lifted people out of poverty. When the development of science and technology has deepened, broadened and optimized people's physiological, psychological and spiritual values, how can the other debater say that the development of science and technology has inhibited people's all-round development?

Huang Jingwen, a female general from Shixin University, said: We admit that science and technology have promoted human development, but it has often promoted one side and inhibited the other. Therefore, the promotion of science and technology to human development is not comprehensive. Just like a student gets full marks in many courses and 0 in one course. Even if he is better than before, can we say that he is comprehensive?

Speaking of this battle, the two sides are equally divided in the scene and have their own moves. The law enforcement departments pondered for some time, and finally decided to win the case against Fang Shixin University.