Introduction to Nanjing's history and culture

In recent years, ancient human sites and ape-man skulls have been found in Tangshan, the eastern suburb of Nanjing, which shows that Nanjing was the place where human beings lived hundreds of thousands of years ago.

According to historical records, the construction of Nanjing began in the Spring and Autumn Period.

More than 2,000 years ago, in the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan established his capital on the basis of founding the country, which was called Sun Wu in history.

Since then, Nanjing has become an important capital in the history of China and a famous city with precious history and culture.

After Sun Wu, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties (Song, Qi, Liang, Chen), Sui Dynasty, Southern Tang Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty all established their capitals here, which is called the Six Dynasties in history. It is also called "the city of ten dynasties" with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Republic of China in the national period.

Therefore, although Nanjing today is no longer a political center, it can still be seen everywhere that the prosperity and kingliness of the Six Dynasties have not faded.

Historical years have not brought the vicissitudes of Nanjing, but the prosperous charm of the past can be seen everywhere.

When you come to Nanjing, you can feel the leisurely atmosphere of the literati in the Ming Dynasty, imagine the charming customs along the Qinhuai River in those days, and appreciate the graceful Nanjing beauty. I believe you should be able to thoroughly understand the profound meaning of the sentence "the beautiful countryside in the south of the Yangtze River is the imperial capital of Jinling"!

Nanjing has many historical names (in chronological order):

For example: Jinling City, Jiankang, Jianye, Jiangning, Qing Ji, Shangyuan and Nanjing.

Because of the potential geographical environment, Nanjing has been a military or commercial center for generations, even for the capital.

So there are many palace ruins.

(1) Yecheng: built by Fu Cha, the king of Wu.

(2) Yuecheng: Gou Jian destroyed Wu and built Yuecheng, which is considered as the earliest ancient city.

(3) Jinling City: Chu destroyed Yue and built Jinling City.

(4) Wu Dong Jianye City: the former "Jinling City".

(5) Eastern Jin Dynasty; The Southern Dynasties changed its name to "Jiankang".

(6) The Southern Tang Dynasty in Sui Dynasty changed to Jiangning City.

(7) Nanjing was renamed in Ming Dynasty-Compared with Beijing, Zhu Yuanzhang rebuilt Nanjing and became the largest fortified city in the world.

The Yellow Emperor belongs to the south of the Yangtze River.

Tang Shang-belongs to Yangzhou.

Zhou-Build a city for Wu and Fu Cha, the king of Wu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the State of Wu at first, and was later destroyed by the State of Yue. Fan Li built a city in (now called Yuecheng), Chu destroyed Yue, and set up Jinling City, which belongs to Jiangdu County.

Qin-change Moling County and set Danyang River as the second county, both of which belong to Yan County.

Western Chu-Xiang Yu dominates and the land belongs to Western Chu.

Western Han Dynasty-it belonged to Chu, Jing and Wu successively, and Jiangdu belonged to Jingdi.

At the beginning of Yuan Shuo, Jiangdu was divided into Danyang, Hushu and Moling.

After the first year of Yuanshou, it belonged to Danyang County.

Yangzhou secretariat management, Lixian has Moling, Jiangcheng, Danyang and Hushu.

Eastern Han Dynasty-Following the Western Han Dynasty, when the lake was ripe, Danyang was established in the state, and Wu Jun and Jianye were established in Yangzhou.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan moved to Moling, and the city stone was rebuilt the following year.

In 26 years, moved to Danyang County Guan Jianye.

The Three Kingdoms Wu-moved from Wuchang to Jianye, and the capital Nanjing began.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, in the first year of Taikang, Sun Kai was named as the marquis of Danyang and was renamed as Moling County.

Eastern Jin Dynasty-Yuan Di established its capital here. The reconstruction industry is Jiankang, Danyang satrap changed to Yin, and Jiangning is a county country such as Langya and Dongping Lanling, which belongs to South Xuzhou.

He became the emperor and set up Huainan County, which belonged to Yangzhou.

Southern and Northern Dynasties-Song Jiandu was here, and Jiankang, Moling, Danyang, Jiangning and Hushu were placed under Danyang Yin.

Yin Qi Song wine.

Liang Wudi set up Xiaxian County in Liling, changed Nanlangya to Langya County, and set up Danyang Yin and Nandanyang County.

Chen Wendi Tian Jia five years, "Danyang County.

Xuandi Taijian established Jianxing County for ten years, belonging to Yangzhou.

Sui dynasty-abandoned Danyang county, set Jiangzhou with stone, and set Taishou with Han.

Jiangning county belongs to Jiangzhou.

Daye changed to Jiangzhou at the beginning, and was later named Danyang County.

Yangzhou ruled Jiangzhou first, and then took Jiangdu as Yangzhou.

In the second year of Wude in Tang Gaozu, Shangshu Province was established and Yangzhou was southeast. In the third year, Jiangning and Youshui counties were established in Yangzhou, and Danyang and Anye counties were analyzed.

More Jiangning called naturalization.

Six years, naturalization, naturalization Jinling.

In seven years, Pingfu Gongyou changed its name to Jiangzhou, set up Jinling County, and abandoned the southeast platform as the governor of Yangzhou.

In nine years, he abolished the viceroy, moved to Jiangdu and changed Jinling to Danyang Xuanzhou.

Five Dynasties-In the twelfth year of Wu Tianyou, Yang and Wu Dacheng rose to the state and built the viceroy's office.

In the second year of Wuyi, the Governor's House was changed to Jinling House.

In the fifth year of Taihe, Yang Pu was established in Jinling.

In the first year of Tianzhu, Jinling was the state of Qi, and Li was promoted to the king of Qi. In the second year, he was promoted to Zen, and Jinling was the capital for four years.

In the first year of Southern Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, Jinling House was changed to jiangning house, so the government was the palace and the city was the capital.

Song-Song Taizu Kaibao eight years Pingnan Tang, jiangning house as the rising state.

In the second year of Tianxi, Zhenzong took Shengzhou as jiangning house.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong Jianyan's reign, Jiangning was changed to Shuai Fu, and in the third year, Kangfu was rebuilt.

Emperor Du Nan rebuilt Camfrog.

Ding Jing's Jian Kang Zhi: "When Chu Weiwang was in China, it was called Jinling, because its land was royal, and the burial of gold made it a town.

He also said: the land is connected with Jintan, and its mountain produces gold, hence the name.

Therefore, due to the name of the mountain, Jinling City was established. "

Song Dizhi: "In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's Jianyan, Jiangning was changed to a handsome mansion, and three years later, it was changed to a healthy mansion.

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"Ding Jing Jiankangzhi": "Gao Zong crossed the south and ordered the reconstruction of Kangfu, staying in Shao for seven years and staying behind.

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Jiankang, the capital of Sun Wu and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has the Yangtze River in the north, Zhongshan in the east, Qinhuai in the south and Phoenix Terrace in the west, which is very dangerous.

Jiankang is an important strategic stronghold and capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, where all important officials in charge of military affairs, civil affairs, finance, criminal affairs and taxation gather.

It can be seen from the local chronicles of the Song Dynasty that Nanjing played a military and economic role, and its importance is self-evident.

In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shizu reached Yuan Dynasty, and Jiangnan and Jiankang Provinces ruled the province. In the first year of Dade in Wan Hu, Yidu New Army moved from Ningguo to Jiankang Road Town.

In the second year, Kanglu was converted into a road.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Nanjing was established as its capital, and Qing Ji Road was changed to Yingtianfu and Zhili Zhongshu Province.

Yongle moved its capital to Beijing in the 19th year, and Jinling remained as the capital.

Qing-Shunzhi two years, Pingjiangnan, Nanjing changed to jiangnan province, Yingtianfu was jiangning house, and a college student was set up in the inner court.

In four years, he was appointed governor, covering Jiangnan, Jiangxi and Henan provinces.

The offices of the Governor's Office and jiangning house are here.

In eighteen years, he was the left ambassador, led Anqing and other States, and was divided into Suzhou, Jiangning and other States.

In the third year of Kangxi, he was changed to the governor, who was in charge of jiangnan province. In the sixth year, he served as the second minister of Jiangsu and Anhui.

In twenty-one years, the governor was restored to govern Jiangnan and Jiangxi provinces.

In the 25th year of Qianlong, Jiangsu Foreign Ministry was re-established in jiangning house.