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Risk-based decision-making: a decision made according to the objective probability of various possible outcomes when the decisive factors and possible outcomes in the future cannot be fully affirmed. Policymakers must take certain risks. Risk-oriented problems have clear standards expected by decision makers, and there are more than two alternative schemes and natural states beyond the control of decision makers. Profit and loss values of different schemes can be calculated under different natural states. Although decision makers can't give a clear answer to what kind of natural state will happen in the future, they can roughly estimate the probability of its occurrence. For this kind of decision-making problems, profit and loss matrix analysis and decision tree method are often used to solve them.

Programmatic decision-making: it is a kind of decision-making that can establish mathematical model according to given information, unify decision-making objectives and constraints, and optimize them. Such as factory location, procurement and transportation, etc. This decision can be made by using preparation techniques. In this programmed decision-making, all the information needed for decision-making can be obtained through measurement and statistical investigation, and its constraints are clear and specific, and all of them can be quantified. For this kind of decision, the use of computer information technology can achieve good results. By establishing a mathematical model, let the computer calculate for it and find the optimal scheme, all of which are made outside the values, at least the values are not the dominant factor in this decision.

Pessimistic decision-making: When adopting pessimistic decision-making criteria, we usually give up the maximization of benefits, but because the decision-makers focus on the worst situation of each scheme, the risk is small. The method of taking the small as the big, also known as the minimum risk method, is a stock investment method that reduces the risk to the minimum to obtain income. The minimum risk method is a relatively safe stock investment decision-making method, which is more suitable for conservative stock investors.

Optimistic decision:

The method of focusing on the large and medium-sized enterprises is also called the optimistic method, the principle of focusing on the large and medium-sized enterprises, the optimistic decision-making method, the risk-taking method and the maximum income method. Managers who adopt this method are optimistic about the future and think that the best natural state will appear in the future, so no matter which scheme is adopted, they can get the greatest benefit from the scheme.

Because decision tree is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of things, and evaluates the probability and risk of various things, it chooses A.