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Flowing Water Villa Flowing Water —— Collection of Architectural Prose "Folk Flowers Bloom"
Everyone has a king in his heart. When he is in high spirits and has fantasies, he doesn't want the most luxurious palace in the world. Everyone has a cloth in his heart. When the king's heart was frustrated in reality, he gave up his original intention and just wanted to settle down and live in peace with the world. The civilians overthrew the king and stood up. Civilians also have pursuits, just because it is speculated that Houmen is as deep as the sea and there are many palaces. The dream is no longer a palace, but it will not be an ordinary humble abode. After all, after all, although I was born, I dare not be the first in the world, and I don't want to lag behind others. Probably a flowing water villa.
Hundreds of miles from downtown Pittsburgh, 40 degrees north latitude, lush trees, hanging rocks and flowing streams, the name of that villa is very clean, so it is called "flowing water". Named after running water, for architect Wright, it is half a wonderful poetic drama and half a lifelong pursuit of natural aesthetics. It was the early spring of 1936. The European continent has not recovered from World War I, and Hitler has raised his butcher's knife. The New World of America is booming, and the Empire State Building has been built for more than six years. Modern economy is prosperous, and business is prosperous. The flowing water villa appeared at this time. It is not just a simple villa building.
1934, Kaufman, a German-born businessman, met Wright at the reception. This almost ancient architect once designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Japan. His name is quite loud, especially his extraordinary speech, firmness and self-confidence. This made Kaufman shine at the moment and soon made friends with him. Later, Kaufman bought a piece of land in Xiongpao Creek in the southeast suburb of Pittsburgh. Although it is far from the expressway and a bit remote, the trees are lush and the environment is quiet, so he wants to build a villa here and spend the weekend. Wright was also invited to make a field trip. Mountains, streams and overhanging rocks left a deep impression on him like a lyric tune.
At this time, Wright is 65 years old, and he has been tirelessly pursuing and innovating his own architectural concept all his life. Considering the collocation of lines and tangent planes, he rose from static space to continuous space, but he felt that continuity was not enough, but he never found a breakthrough. Meeting Kaufman was an opportunity for his fate, but at first none of them realized it. Kaufman just paid for the land and asked Wright to design a villa for him, far from the city and inaccessible. For a holiday, this is a simple and practical effect. He never thought about how high he would reach in art. Wright only took the client's project in the name of his own architectural firm, and everything seemed to be between business and business. However, the epiphany of mountains and woodlands inspired Wright's tolerance of Kaufman, which finally left a huge creative space for this masterpiece handed down from ancient times.
In the process of construction, investors, engineering teams and architects have their own ideas, and friction is inevitable. Kaufman's map is practical, the engineering team saves trouble, and Wright's map art. Because it is his work, property rights can change hands, but his name is always connected. Wright's architectural firm brought a group of students, and he didn't have to do much design himself. But this time, after he got the field survey map, the idea was brewed for five months, and the sketch was revised for five months. He made it himself from beginning to end. In the year of design, he finally found a breakthrough in architectural space. It turns out that continuity is not equal to flow, and continuous space is just a static level. Only by flowing can we gain life and finally move towards drama. He wants to combine buildings with streams, taking into account the size of each surrounding rock and the growth degree of each tree. The building itself must have a considerable natural growth function in order to truly integrate with the environment.
1936 65438+1October, a carefully designed drawing was delivered to Kaufman. After all, it is the investor, and the first reaction to get the drawings will naturally not think of how much effort has been condensed on it. Kaufman's original intention was to build a holiday villa for his family, that's all. Judging from the effect, he naturally wants to listen to the opinions of Pittsburgh engineers. Who knows, when the engineer saw this design, he was dumbfounded at first, then scoffed at it. At last, he listed 38 modifications, which hit Wright's design key everywhere, almost equal to re-composition.
Wright was angry when Kaufman gave the engineering report back to him. He angrily crumpled up the report, dialed Kaufman's phone, demanded that he immediately return the design drawings, and mercilessly accused Kaufman of not being worthy of owning the villa he had designed with great concentration. Taking Kaufman as a businessman's character, naturally, he won't take such angry words seriously. At this time, his tolerance saved the friendship. He immediately apologized to Wright and said that he would definitely ask engineers to respect Wright's design. In the later field construction, this tolerance always appeared at the right time, and sufficient buffer was set between Wright and the engineer.
As the old saying goes, good things grind people, and after grinding, good things come even better. 1in the autumn of 937, the disgruntled engineer was waved away, and the villa was finally presented perfectly according to the design drawing. Good things came. From the first photo of the completion ceremony to the newspaper, the land price here has doubled, and the villa cost is less than 40 thousand dollars, which has increased by 80 thousand in one year. Kaufman held a special press conference in the villa, and all kinds of media visited. The posture of hibiscus emerging from the water, the leisure of flowing people and the charm of modern fashion quickly alarmed the entire American architectural community.
The 20th century belongs to America. As early as the early 20th century, there were hints in architecture. The Empire State Building, a modern building in the United States, is an introduction. The majestic feeling of the tallest building in the world and the charm of wealth flowing along the Pacific Ocean inspire immigrants from all over the world to move inward. And the flowing villa is the end, blindly fighting for firepower, the prosperous economic situation will eventually collapse. From a small building in a forest with only 380 square meters, the cost is less than 40 thousand dollars, and it has jumped onto the front page of all American media and appeared frequently, becoming a classic masterpiece of modern architecture. Later, Wright became the greatest modern architect recognized by Americans with his flowing water villa. What does this mean for the United States?
An elder once told me, "Never make your dream concrete. When you get it, you will be disappointed." The macro significance of flowing water villa to the United States is not aimed at a business family like Kaufman, but at a new class in post-industrial society. After the bourgeoisie, the middle class stepped onto the historical stage.
It is really easy for a business family to find a scenic spot and build a villa with less than 400 square meters. That's just the tone of their life, the starting point of their wealth, and even a fraction of their cheap goods, which is hard to call a dream. For Kaufman, the running water villa has its personal friendship and life experience from completion to fame, but for his descendants, the practical utility beyond emotion will still dominate. By 1963, Kaufman's son donated the living water villa to Pittsburgh West Pennsylvania Protection Bureau, which not only reflected the generosity of the Kaufman family, but also showed in a sense that such a villa, no matter how beautiful, was not a bourgeois dream after all. Now it has become a classic in the history of architecture. It is better to donate it to all mankind, and it is also a person who indulges in fame and fortune.
The distance that dreams keep is subtle and philistine. It's too far away, too far away, too close, and it's boring to get it. The appearance of flowing water villa is the most classic example of architecture after the American middle class became the backbone of society. With the income of the middle class, it is an established way of life to buy one or two suites in the urban area. In the early years, more efforts were needed, but there will always be. Commercial housing is to the middle class what a mobile villa is to the Kaufman family. No matter how beautiful it is, it is a product of life within reach, and it will not become a beautiful dream. People climb higher, villas always stand on the height of the middle class, because their bosses often own villas, which have become a symbol of modern wealth life, and that is where the great sense of superiority lies.
The villa keeps a thrilling distance from the middle class, just hanging where they can jump and touch. If they are the best in the middle class, it is not difficult to buy a villa, but they can't always live by jumping off a building. With their income, even if the annual salary is millions, it is not easy to maintain such a villa. I want to hire someone to maintain and clean the yard, and I have to work every day. I go to work far away from the city, and I don't need a villa several times a year, so I'm stretched.
The question returned to the contest between the king and the common people. When private castles and manors in Europe appear in front of us, the middle class will have self-knowledge, which is not what they want or desire in this life. But when they heard the sound of water, they pushed aside the maple leaves and looked up at the flowing courtyard, forming their own school, which was somewhat restrained in luxury and somewhat noble in seclusion. This is it!
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