Construction rectification scheme

Abstract: Drainage project is one of the important projects in municipal construction, and it is particularly important to ensure its construction quality. The following are the problems existing in the construction of municipal drainage engineering and the rectification scheme.

First, the drainage project is to remove human domestic sewage, all kinds of wastewater in production and excess surface water. It consists of drainage pipeline system (or channel), sewage treatment plant and final treatment facilities. Usually includes pumping facilities (such as drainage pumping stations). ① Drainage pipeline system. The pipe network for collecting and transporting waste water (sewage) includes confluence pipeline system and shunt pipeline system. The combined pipeline system has only one drainage system, and rainwater and sewage are discharged and transported in the same pipe.

The diversion pipeline system has two drainage systems: the rainwater system collects low-pollution industrial wastewater such as rainwater and cooling water, and directly discharges it into the water body without treatment, and its pipeline is called rainwater pipeline; Domestic sewage and industrial wastewater can only be discharged into the water body after being collected and treated by the sewage system, and their pipelines are called sewage pipelines. ② Sewage treatment plant.

Including sedimentation tank, grit chamber, aeration tank, biological filter, clarifier and other facilities, as well as pumping station, laboratory, sludge dewatering room, repair plant and other buildings. The overall goal of wastewater treatment is to remove suspended solids and increase oxygen consumption, and sometimes it will be disinfected and further treated. ③ Final treatment facilities. According to different drainage objects, there are pumps or other water lifting machines to discharge the wastewater treated by the treatment plant and meeting the specified discharge requirements into water or land.

Second, the problems often encountered in water supply and drainage engineering construction

1. Installation of underground pipelines

In recent years, due to the rapid development of water supply pipes, in order to realize the beauty and cleanliness of indoor buildings, indoor water supply branch pipes are laid more and more underground, but some problems should also be paid attention to:

(1) The pipes shall be PP-R pipes, PEX pipes, aluminum-plastic composite pipes, etc. When hot-melt connecting pipes such as PP-R are selected, the joints can be located underground. When selecting non-hot melt connecting pipes such as aluminum-plastic composite pipes, the connecting joints should be set on the ground to prevent water leakage.

(2) Due to the limitation of the thickness of the surface layer of the ground building and the intersection of the pipes laid on the heating ground, the outer diameter of the water supply branch pipe laid on the ground should not be greater than 25ram. (3) Underground laying of water supply branch pipe When the leveling layer can't meet the laying requirements, it can be negotiated with HVAC professionals to bury the pipe in the polystyrene board below the heating pipe.

2. Floor drain setting and water seal problem

The floor drain shall be set in accordance with Article 4.5.7 of Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings (GB 500 15-20xx). Floor drains shall be set in bathrooms, washrooms, bathrooms and other rooms that need to drain water from the ground frequently. Choose different types of floor drains according to different use occasions, and choose net frame floor drains for canteens, kitchens and public toilets.

In the actual project, it was found that many owners complained about the smell in the room, which caused many disputes with the property and developers. The root of this problem is that the water seal of the floor drain is destroyed, and the gas in the drain pipe enters the room, forming pollution.

Article 4.5.9 stipulates that the water seal depth of water seal floor drain should not be less than 50ram. . In the process of construction, in order to reduce the project cost, inferior floor drain is used. The water seal depth of this floor drain is generally less than 30mm, which can not achieve the effect of water seal. When residents decorate their houses, they choose stainless steel with beautiful appearance and shallow internal water seal in the decoration market. If the depth of the water seal does not meet the specifications, the water seal of the floor drain will be damaged due to induced siphon or positive pressure splash during drainage. Many residents find that there is an odor at home, especially when the kitchen range hood works, which is caused by air pressure fluctuation and water seal damage. Some residential kitchens are equipped with floor drains. Because there is no water supply for a long time, especially during the heating period in winter, the water seal is easy to dry up and should be replenished frequently. High water seal floor drain or new air-water double seal floor drain should be adopted in design and construction. There is little splash on the kitchen floor, so there is no need for floor drain. When the smell is strictly required, a trap can be added under the floor drain.

3. Setting of indoor valves

In order to facilitate the maintenance of indoor water supply facilities, a control valve is appropriately added to the upper part of the water supply pipe in the kitchen and bathroom. In case of water leakage or water running, users can close the water supply valve in time to avoid more serious consequences and ensure safe use.

The selection of valves shall comply with Article 3.4.3 of Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings (GB500 15 20xx Edition), and the materials of valves used in water supply pipelines shall be corrosion-resistant and pressure-resistant. According to the pipe diameter, pressure grade and service temperature, all copper, all stainless steel, iron-clad copper core and all plastic valves can be used. At the same time, it is emphasized not to use cast iron and copper-plated iron core valves.

Three, some requirements and reforms about water supply and drainage construction projects.

1, process requirements

Water treatment plants are often called waterworks. Due to the different quality of raw water, there are many combinations of process flows, but the basic processes are mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. In urban waterworks, the basic process is raw water? Level 1 pump house? Add medicine? Flocculation tank? Sedimentation tank or clarification tank? Filter? Disinfect the clean pool? Secondary pump house? Users. The sedimentation tank and filtration tank in the main treatment structures in the water plant are basically higher than the ground, and only the clear water tank can be buried underground. When horizontal sedimentation is used, the pond length is longer than 100 m, which will form a monotonous and lengthy pond in the water plant, which needs careful design.

The process of most urban sewage treatment plants is generally that the upgraded sewage gravity passes through the grid? Sand settling? Initial sinking? Aeration? Er Shen? Disinfect? Outflow. If the discharged water is tidal water, sometimes there will be a lifting pump station before the treated water is discharged to solve the problem of effluent from the sewage plant at high tide.

For sewage plants built in areas with high groundwater level, in order to solve the anti-floating problem of empty pools of structures, the height of structures at the end of the outlet is often controlled, and the structures behind the water intake pump station are arranged 3 ~ 4m above the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out architectural treatment on this dull mass concrete surface, and at the same time, it is necessary to carry out appropriate architectural treatment on the narrow passage corridor connected between pools, otherwise it will be extremely unsatisfactory as a whole environment and often not easily accepted by people.

2, the overall planning requirements

Master plan is very important, it is the soul of design. When planning, we must first have an overall layout idea, which should include: reasonable process layout, clear road direction, suitable square, regional balance, non-intersection between people and the optimal layout of public buildings (including office, scientific research, experiment, management, conference room, canteen, kitchen, etc.). ), and then follow ① the principle of reasonable, simple and economical functional zoning; (2) the principle of favorable wind direction, sunshine and terrain; (3) The principles of beautiful composition, balanced contrast and spatial circulation. According to the requirements of technological process, combined with the natural and environmental conditions of the site (including terrain and geological conditions, road system outside the plant, greening conditions, orientation, original buildings, etc.). ) for the overall planning. In the overall planning, we must pay attention to create good sunshine, air and ventilation conditions, try to avoid noise interference, rationally arrange and widely use greening, put the ecological environment in the first place for unified planning (especially in front of the factory), and then arrange buildings (or structures) in the well-thought-out greening environment. Greening facilities should fully consider the organic combination of ecological greening and landscape greening, plant more trees that can release beneficial gases and reduce dust, improve the environment of the factory, reduce air pollution and improve the cleanliness of the factory. At the same time, the design principle of buildings (structures) must be based on the principle of the unity of environment, space and form, so that both the group image and the individual image can show an inherent implicit harmony, and the new realm of process engineering design can be fully embodied through the use of modeling elements and design techniques such as straight, tall, solid, light and dark, black and white, concave and convex, Fiona Fang, up and down.

3. Reform of traditional ideas

Tradition refers to the condensation, precipitation and accumulation of history in technology and culture. It is a summary of people's long-term experience and lessons, and it is an internal objective existence. The reason why it can be passed down for a long time, enduring for a long time, and forming an inherent psychological situation in some aspects is that it has certain attraction and intriguing aftertaste, so it is often easy to be followed by people for a long time, habitually and naturally. Even if there are some problems and shortcomings sometimes, you can often forgive success, or in the end, you succeed. Dialectically, it can be said that besides inheriting the tradition, there must be enough innovation, that is, transforming the traditional work from the realistic needs. If the technology is always the same form, the form is always the same, and the color is always the same, even if the function is passable, it can meet the general requirements of the owner. However, from the perspective of social development and two civilizations, we should rethink the organizational form, prior guidance, coordination among majors and ventilation in any case. There must be innovation, improvement and new things in this process. In the selection of materials and colors, it must be beautiful and sublimated, otherwise it will not make the owners feel very satisfied and comfortable. So it can be said that it is necessary and absolute to challenge innovation. Without innovation, you will be demoralized and lifeless, and it is impossible to move forward.

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