Graduation Thesis of Landscape Architecture "Talking about Cold Protection of Road Green Space in Northern China"

Urban road greening plays an important role in improving road ecological environment, ensuring driving safety and beautifying road landscape. According to the practice and experience of urban road maintenance and management in Jinan, some methods and measures of urban road greening and maintenance in Jinan are put forward.

Keywords: road green space maintenance management, seasonal lawn maintenance management

Urban road greening plays an important role in improving road ecological environment, ensuring driving safety and beautifying road landscape. Extraordinary road environment also affects the survival, growth, formation and preservation of road greening seedlings. Based on my practice and experience in urban road maintenance and management in Jinan, this paper puts forward some methods and measures for urban road greening and maintenance management in Jinan, aiming at summing up experience and guiding urban road maintenance and management in the future.

Road greening is one of the important measures to stabilize subgrade, protect pavement, beautify road capacity, improve environment, reduce noise, travel comfortably, guide driving sight, prevent sand, snow and water. It is an important part of greening land and protecting environment, and it is also an important part of road construction and maintenance.

First, the role of road greening

1. Stabilize subgrade and conserve water.

Trees, shrubs and turf are planted on the slope of road subgrade. These plants have the functions of consolidating soil and preventing soil erosion, so that subgrade soil will not lose and collapse. Dense trees have the function of retaining wall, which has a good stabilizing effect on subgrade in steep slope area. Turf has the function of filtration, reducing harmful substances in surface water; The roots of plants can absorb heavy metal ions in water and have a certain purification effect on surface water.

2. Protect the pavement and reduce the maintenance cost.

After the trees on both sides of the road grow into forests, most of the pavement is not exposed to direct sunlight, and the daily and annual temperature differences of the pavement are reduced, and the damage to the pavement caused by temperature stress and temperature difference is greatly reduced. In addition, trees can also reduce the direct damage of rain, snow and sand to the pavement, increase the service life of the pavement and reduce the maintenance cost.

3. Beautify roads and travel comfortably

The road greening project has turned the road into a green corridor covered with trees, shrubs, flowers and turf, and has become a beautiful landscape with flowers and grass all year round, which makes pedestrians feel comfortable. Flowers and trees can also reduce road dust and noise, greatly improve the environment and protect people's physical and mental health.

4. Preventing pollution and improving the environment

Vehicles driving on the road will produce noise, dust, harmful gases, carbon dioxide and other pollution, and plants can well prevent these pollution, reduce noise, absorb smoke and dust, and absorb harmful gases.

5. Sterilization and health care

All kinds of bacteria are scattered in the air, mostly attached to dust, which is an important factor in spreading diseases. Plants can reduce the number of bacteria in the air, on the one hand, because plants can reduce the amount of dust in the air, thus reducing bacteria; On the other hand, trees themselves have bactericidal effect. On roads with trees, the bacterial content per cubic meter of air is 85% less than that on roads without trees. Therefore, road greening is very beneficial to killing bacteria and protecting the health of pedestrians.

Second, the road greening seedling maintenance scheme

(A) spring maintenance management

First, in the management of spring seedlings, the cold-proof materials should not be removed suddenly and prematurely, and the method of gradual transition should be adopted to prevent the seedlings from being unsuitable. According to the weather conditions, the demolition time of wind barriers in Jinan is generally in early April, after Qingming. In order to avoid wind damage to trees, holes should be drilled in the southeast side of the insulation shed in advance, and all trees should be removed after they are adapted.

Second, watering and fertilizing: spring management focuses on raising ground temperature, watering spring water in time and applying more organic fertilizer. By watering and fertilizing trees, trees can increase their disease resistance and help them take root. In practice, street trees can be fertilized with stick fertilizer, that is, punching holes around the tree pool with nails and burying the stick fertilizer can play the role of topdressing.

(2) Summer maintenance management

First, summer maintenance management, pay attention to water and fertilizer management, trim the shape of color blocks in the road center isolation belt and green belt, generally combined with seedling growth and ornamental effect.

Second, the maintenance in summer is mainly based on pest control. Because street trees are influenced by microclimate diversity and population density, the occurrence time of pests and diseases is uneven and it is difficult to prevent them. At the same time, the impact on people and environment and the protection of natural enemies of plants must be considered in the prevention and control process. In recent years, biological control has been widely used, such as using attractants to control Monochamus alternatus, using black light to trap and kill adults, and using chlordimeform to control inchworm and American moth, and achieved good results.

(3) autumn maintenance management

The maintenance and management in autumn is mainly to reasonably pour frozen water and fertilize.

Reasonable frozen water can not only ensure that the aboveground parts of plants absorb enough water, but also protect the underground roots from dry and windy winter, which is conducive to the safe overwintering and germination of plants in the coming year. According to the weather change, watering winter water should not be too early, which will lead to the rapid growth of new buds. /kloc-reduce watering times in October and increase drought resistance. It is best to pour out the frozen water for the last time until it freezes.

At the same time, reasonable fertilization in autumn is conducive to promoting the growth of plants and lignification of trees, and is also conducive to the safe overwintering and growth of plants in the coming year, which requires choosing the time, type and dosage of fertilization.

(4) Winter maintenance management

In winter in Jinan area, especially on both sides of roads, the general open terrain and air convection, coupled with the wind speed of high-speed vehicles, cause the trees to swing violently, which is easy to cause damage to the roots of trees, accelerate the water loss of trees, and reduce the ability of trees to keep out cold, freeze and keep out cold. The following anti-freezing and heat preservation measures can be taken in winter:

1. Measures to wrap the trunk: For example, street trees in Jinan Economic and Technological Development Zone, the deciduous trees of paulownia trees are treated with cold protection in winter, the trunk is wrapped with expected cloth, tightly wrapped with straw rope, which not only keeps moisture and cold, but also uses plastic film to keep the roots warm and cold, so that the survival rate of paulownia trees in the second year reaches 99%.

Second, measures to build wind barriers: Cedar and other tree species are difficult to overwinter in Jinan, especially in spring. The windbreak wall can be used to reduce the wind speed and ensure the safe wintering of trees.

Fourth, build insulation shed: For the seedlings planted in that year, such as Buxus macrophylla, Buxus microphylla, cypress, etc., when the area is large, it is not ideal to take general cold protection measures. According to the size of the area, wooden strips and non-woven fabrics can be used to build a heat preservation shed, so that the seedlings can survive the winter safely. For sparsely planted seedlings such as Buxus macrophylla and Acer truncatum, non-woven fabrics can be used for cold protection.

Fifthly, cultivating the root neck and covering it with plastic film: after pouring frozen water, covering the whole tree pit with plastic film, and then cultivating the root neck with 20-30cm mound. Compacting the surroundings with fine soil. This can not only prevent frostbite of plant roots, but also reduce water evaporation.

6. Cover the soil and seal the ridge: For the newly planted rose in that year, the mound covered with 30-40 cm after being filled with frozen water is generally not pruned, and the phenomenon of "burning strips" will appear if it is pruned too early, and it is generally not pruned until the next spring.

Seventh, the trunk is painted white to prevent freezing: this is an important work for street trees to prevent cold and disease in winter, especially for newly planted deciduous trees. The painting time is generally between 10 and10. The plastering ratio is: water: quicklime: sulfur powder: salt = 40: 10: 1: 0.5. Generally, the height is1.2m. The same road section has the same height, which can achieve neat and beautiful effect.

Third, the road pattern maintenance plan

Mould type is a tree species with strong budding ability and pruning resistance. It is densely planted in strips, with separation function and beautiful shape. Such as Buxus macrophylla, Ligustrum lucidum, Berberis koraiensis, Sabina vulgaris and Buxus microphylla are commonly used tree species with pattern modeling.

In recent two years, with the increase of colorful plants, color blocks composed of colorful tree species, such as: purple-leaf dwarf cherry, winter jasmine, forsythia suspensa, Tang Di, etc. , are commonly used tree species for environmental greening. But there are different pruning methods when pruning. The median of the road should be trimmed to the height of1-1.2m to block people's sight. Trimming should be "smooth", neat and beautiful. In order to make the pattern lush, different pruning methods are adopted because of different plant growth heights.

Four, trees and shrubs maintenance management plan

1 month: the month with the lowest temperature throughout the year, and the open trees are dormant.

1. Winter pruning: comprehensively prune deciduous trees; Prune dead branches, residual branches, insect and disease branches and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings on Platanus acerifolia and large and small trees.

2. Inspection of street trees: check the binding and piling of street trees in time, and rectify immediately if it is found to be loose, buried with lead wire and shaking piles.

3. Pest control: Winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of moths can be dug up in the loose soil under the tree and burned to death. In mid-June, 5438+10, the scale insects began to move, but at this time, they moved slowly, so we can take the method of scraping off the larvae on the trunk. Controlling pests in winter often gets twice the result with half the effort.

4, green space maintenance: street green space, flower beds and other places should pay attention to pick out large weeds; The lawn should be picked and trimmed in time; Pay attention to the antifreeze and watering of green space.

February: The temperature is higher than last month, and the trees are still dormant.

1, maintenance is basically the same as 1.

2. Pruning: continue to prune dead branches and diseased branches of Platanus acerifolia and large and small trees. Prune all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control moths and scale insects.

March: The temperature keeps rising. After the middle period, trees began to sprout, and some trees (such as camellia) bloomed in the later period.

1, planting trees: Spring is a favorable time to plant trees. After the soil thaws, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Before planting trees of different sizes, do a good job in planning and design, dig (plane) tree pits in advance, transport them with digging, and water them with planting. When planting shrubs, we should dig, transport and plant them, and water them properly to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. Spring irrigation: due to the drought and windy in spring, the evaporation is large. In order to prevent the spring drought, the green land should be watered in time.

3. Fertilization: After the soil is thawed, apply base fertilizer to the plants and irrigate them.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: This month is a critical moment to prevent and control pests and diseases. Some seedlings (such as pittosporum, etc. ) appears in sooty blotch, and so does Euonymus japonicus (using cartap and other pesticides to control it). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control moths.

April: The temperature continues to rise, and trees sprout, bloom or spread their leaves into a vigorous growth period.

1. Continue to plant trees: In early April, we should plant trees that germinate late, pull out and replant shrubs that died in winter (azaleas, safflower, etc.). ) in time, and fully water the new tree.

2. Irrigation: Continue to water the green land in time.

3. Fertilization: combined with lawn and shrub irrigation, topdressing with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spraying as required.

4. Pruning: You can prune the evergreen hedge by cutting off dead branches in winter and spring.

5. Pest control: (1) After molting for the second time, the scale insects gradually move to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk bases, corners and other places to secrete white waxy thin cocoons to pupate. You can use a hard bamboo broom to sweep, and then concentrate on burying or soaking. Or by spraying pesticides such as cartap. (2) Apriona longicorn begins to move, and larvae can be removed by grafting knife or homemade steel wire, but the smaller the wound, the better. (3) Prevention and control of other pests and diseases.

6. Green space maintenance: pay attention to weeds and climbing plants in large green spaces. Lawns should also be picked and trimmed.

7. Grass flowers: Replace winter grass flowers in May Day, and pay attention to watering.

8. Others: paint, clean and maintain the green guardrail.

May: The temperature rises sharply and trees grow rapidly.

1. Watering: During the tree exhibition in Ye Sheng, the water demand is very large, so water should be done in time.

2. Trim: Trim the residual flowers. Trees on the roadside were pruned for the first time.

3. Pest control: continue to focus on catching longicorn beetles. The first generation of stickleback moth has hatched, but it has not reached the degree of harm, so the reserve should take corresponding measures according to the actual situation. Sooty blotch caused by scale insects and aphids. It has also entered the peak period (for crape myrtle, pittosporum, oleander, etc. ). Spraying turpentine mixture with 10-20 times and 50% triglyceride emulsion with 1500-2000 times in the middle and late May to prevent diseases and kill insects. (Insecticide, Huabao and other pesticides can be used)

June: The temperature is high.

1, watering: plants need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time, instead of "eating with the weather".

2. Fertilization: combine loosening soil, weeding, fertilizing and watering to achieve the best effect.

3. Pruning: continue to peel buds and remove tillers from street trees. Trim hedges, balls and some flowering shrubs.

4. Drainage: Pay attention to drainage in low-lying areas during rainstorm.

5. Pest control: In the middle and late June, the moth enters the peak of incubation period, and measures should be taken in time. At present, 50% acetaminophen emulsion is basically sprayed 500-800 times. (or spraying compound BT emulsion) continue to artificially capture longicorn beetles. Powdery mildew of rose and tree lice of tung flowers should also be prevented and controlled in time.

6. Check the trees before flood control, straighten, reinforce and re-bind the loose and inclined trees.

July: The temperature is the highest, and there is strong wind and heavy rain after the middle.

1, Transplanting Evergreen Trees: In rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted, but pay attention to the weather changes, and water them in time in case of high temperature.

2. Drainage: Drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: Dry apply quick-acting fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizer before it rains.

4. Roadside trees: Trim the branches that contradict the wires and check the stumps one by one. If they are loose or unstable, they should be righted and fastened immediately. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to check at any time, and handle the danger in time when it is found.

5. Pest control: continue to control longicorn beetles and borers. We can use 50% cartap 1: 50 times solution to control longicorn beetles, and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. The moth of camphor tree should be cut off in time, and the insect nest should be destroyed to avoid further harm.

August: It's still rainy season.

1. Drainage: After heavy rain, low-lying accumulated water should be drained in time.

2. Typhoon prevention work for street trees: Continue to do typhoon prevention work for street trees.

3. Pruning: In summer, in addition to general tree pruning, hedges should be trimmed.

4, intertillage weeding: weeds grow vigorously, weeding in time, can be combined with weeding for fertilization.

5, pest control: mainly catch longicorn beetles, pay attention to the roots of longicorn beetles. Aphids and camphor moths should be controlled in time. Pay attention to powdery mildew and rot in wet weather and take timely measures.

September: The temperature drops, so do a good job in welcoming the National Day.

1, pruning: In order to meet the needs of city appearance, street trees are stripped below the tertiary fork. Hedge modeling pruning. Weed and mow the lawn in the green space, clean up dead trees in time, and make the green space clean and tidy.

2. Fertilization: For some trees with weak growth and insufficient branches, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied as topdressing.

3, grass flowers: welcome the National Day, change grass flowers, choose colorful grass flowers, pay attention to adequate watering.

4. Pest control: perforation (cherry blossom, peach, plum, etc. ) for the peak, with 500% carbendazim 1000 times solution to prevent infection. Long-horned beetles began to turn to the roots for harm, so attention should be paid to catching the root beetles. Moths on willows should also be prevented in time. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other pests and diseases.

5. Check all kinds of greening facilities before the festival.

October: The temperature drops. 10 In late October, early winter began, trees began to shed leaves and gradually entered a dormant period.

1. Prepare for planting trees in autumn. As soon as the cold-resistant trees shed their leaves in the later stage, they can be planted.

2. Green space maintenance: clear dead trees in time and water them in time. It is necessary to do a good job of picking grass and trimming the green space and lawn. Grass flowers that don't grow well should be fertilized

3. Pest control: continue to catch longicorn beetles. Camphor moths should also pay attention to observation and prevention.

1 1 month: At night, the soil begins to freeze and enter the deep winter festival.

1. Tree planting: Continue to plant cold-tolerant plants, and finish before the soil freezes.

2. Turn over the soil: Turn over the soil in the green space to expose the pests that are about to overwinter.

3. Water: Water the dry and hardened soil before freezing.

4. Pest control All kinds of pests are preparing for winter in the later stage, and the control task is relatively light.

1February: The temperature is low, and the winter maintenance work is started.

1. Winter pruning: Prune some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering pests and diseases.

3. Prepare for next year's adjustment: After deciduous plants shed their leaves, observe the nature reserve and draw the orientation to be adjusted.

Five, other problems that should be paid attention to in urban road greening.

(a) Security issues

In road greening and maintenance work, protective signs should be set at 100 meters respectively, and special personnel should be assigned to guide vehicles and set up vehicle flashers. It is suggested to set up vehicles at the bottom of the upper bridge in advance when getting on and off the bridge to prevent drivers from entering the blind area.

Maintenance workers should wear reflective vests, and set warning devices on bicycles and motorways. If crossing the road, water them to avoid hurting pedestrians and bicycles.

With the rapid development of sprinkler irrigation in recent years, the central isolation belt and waterwheel watering will be gradually eliminated. Will be replaced by drip irrigation and micro-spraying. Save water and ensure vehicle safety.

The pruning of street trees is likely to cause conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles. It is necessary to set up a warning line and place safety warning piles.

Pruning of street trees

Street trees mainly beautify the city, improve the city's microclimate, cool down in summer, and stay in the shade.

The pruning of street trees needs to enlarge the crown, beautify the tree shape, adjust the stretching direction of paper strips, adjust the rational distribution of nutrients and inhibit excessive growth. At the same time, it is also one of the main means to rejuvenate old trees, increase the effect of heat preservation and shading, control pests and diseases, and increase ventilation and light transmission.

The main pruning time of street trees is generally in winter. The main methods of pruning in winter are: cutting, thinning and tillering. The pruning of street trees requires special personnel to maintain the site to prevent large branches from hurting pedestrians and passing vehicles. Pay attention to safety when working near high-voltage lines, and ask the power supply department to cooperate if necessary. Street trees generally have a typical crown shape of three forks, six strands and twelve branches. Give priority to with evenly distributed branches with included angles, and peel or thin the rest in stages. Leave 40-80 cm for the main branch in winter. The cut buds are left on the side, and after three to five years of repeated pruning, a cup-shaped crown can be formed. Sparing the inner branches and over-dense branches of trees can achieve ventilation and light transmission, and effectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Keep the branches on it, which is convenient for pruning and makes the tree look beautiful.

In daily maintenance and production, the distance between trees and high-voltage lines and the coordination of traffic facilities at intersections are directly related to the safety of pedestrians and vehicles. Every spring, it will cooperate with power supply, transportation and communication for safety inspection. Prune the tall trees within 0/5m of the high-voltage line/KLOC-and at the same time prune the trees at the traffic signs that obstruct the driver's sight. After pruning, the safety signal should be clearly displayed to protect the safety of pedestrians and vehicles.

(3) the problem of snow melting agent

The harm of snow melting agent, especially Chinese pine and Platycladus orientalis, is afraid of salt water. Soil improvement and soil replacement after being eroded by salt water must be carried out. Remove 30cm from the soil eroded by salt water and replace the soil. Don't water and replant crops to save trouble. Irrigation can not be used to dilute soil salinity instead of changing soil.

In recent years, some urban roads have adopted the method of salt baffle, which has largely prevented the harm of snowmelt salt water to the existing plants on both sides of the road. After years of management knowledge, we can realize that the application of salt baffle in winter has a very ideal effect on street trees. The practice shows that the seedlings on both sides of the road grow more vigorously at the beginning of March and the end of April every year than those on the road without salt baffle, the germination period is obviously advanced, and the branches and branches are reduced. Forsythia suspensa and other flowering shrubs have many tillers, and the flowering period is neat and consistent. On the basis of normal cold protection, no frostbite and death occurred. Therefore, as a cold-proof measure in winter, salt baffle can be popularized and used on both sides of roads with conditions.

Beautiful urban environment and pleasant urban road greening are an important part of people's first impression of a region and a city, and they are the re-creation of the combination of artificial art environment and natural ecology. It is the responsibility of every gardener to maintain and manage a large area of urban road greening environment, but the problems we face need to be constantly summarized and explored in our work to find suitable measures and methods. Because my working hours are short, I only talk about some common problems. I hope my opinion can play a certain role in the maintenance of green space. With the continuous development of urban greening and the emergence of new problems, landscape workers should constantly study, study and improve, and form new ideas and methods. I also constantly enrich my theoretical and practical experience, and try my best to make my own contribution to urban greening, maintenance and improvement of urban road landscape effect.

[References]

(1) Yang Qingxu et al. Jinan local standard DB "Compilation of Technical Standards for Landscaping"; Ji' nan garden management bureau

(2) Yu Hetong; New agriculture in 2006 (11); Maintenance and management of lawn

(3) Cui Honglian; China forest by-products; 03 was issued in 2004; Talking about the Maintenance and Management of Mould

(4) Li, a golden moth; China Flower News; In 2003; Maintenance and Management of Lawn in North China

About the author:

Li Jialiang/1983 Born/Male/Junior College/Graduated from Shandong Agricultural University in 2003/Maintenance Project Manager/Now engaged in the maintenance management of the 7th China (Jinan) International Garden and Flower Expo/This article was written in the Maintenance Project Department of Jinan International Garden Expo in February 2009.