Study on the evaluation index system of human settlement environment in residential quarters?

Through the discussion of the concept of human settlement environment, a complete evaluation system of human settlement environment in residential quarters is established in order to improve the design and construction level of residential quarters, and then play a good guiding role in improving the living standards of residents. In a narrow sense, human settlement environment refers to the place where human beings live together. It is the sum of natural environment and artificial environment built on it, and it is a geographical space closely related to human survival activities. The living environment in a broad sense refers to the sum of all kinds of material and non-material factors that constitute the living and development conditions of the subject (individual, society or person) in a certain space around it. The core of human settlement environment is "human", and the research on human settlement environment has always been aimed at meeting human living needs. The requirements of human settlements on the environment are not only reflected in hardware facilities, but also in the construction of humanistic ideas. Harmony and unity between man and environment. Only when people and environment develop harmoniously can we realize the unity of social benefits, economic benefits and natural benefits and realize the sustainable development of people and environment.

Principles of establishing 1 evaluation index system

(1) scientific principles. The design of evaluation index system must be based on science, objectively and truly reflect the composition of human settlement environmental goals and the leading relationship between environmental goals and indicators, and the complexity of the index system should be appropriate. Evaluation indicators should not be too detailed, which will lead to the overlap between indicators, nor too few and too simple, which will lead to the omission of indicator information.

(2) Systematic principle. Each index item set in the evaluation index system should independently reflect the level of a certain aspect or different levels of society. Each index is independent and interrelated, and forms an organic whole with * * *, so that the evaluation results can fully reflect the overall effect and comprehensive benefits of the community.

(3) the principle of comparability. The evaluation index should be measured by a unified standard, and the influence of human variables should be excluded as much as possible, so as to compare the evaluation objects and ensure the accuracy of the evaluation results.

(4) the principle of quantification. All the evaluation indicators in the system should be quantified, and the qualitative indicators in the evaluation indicators should be quantified by modern quantitative scientific analysis methods. This is conducive to measuring the degree to which the evaluated object has reached the target, and it is also conducive to analysis and processing by computer.

(5) the principle of feasibility. When setting the index, we should ensure that the data needed to determine the index value can be collected by general simple statistical methods or reference materials for practical application.

According to the above principles, the evaluation index system of human settlements environment is decomposed into four environmental indicators and three levels, and refined into 44 indicators, as shown in Table 1. According to whether specific data can be obtained directly, indicators are divided into two categories: hard indicators refer to indicators that can obtain data directly from statistical databases; Soft indicators refer to indicators that cannot directly obtain data, and often need to be described by language.

2. 1 Economic and environmental indicators

Economic activities are the basic practical activities of human society. The main driving force for human beings to understand nature is the economic demand of human society. As the basic unit of human habitation, the construction of residential quarters is also the embodiment of meeting human economic needs. The research on the economic environment of residential quarters can not only reflect the direction and requirements of economic development, but also reflect the economic value of residential quarter construction. Sales rate (within one year): the ratio of sales area to total saleable area within one year from the opening date. Property management level: residents' affirmation of property management fees and service quality. Recognition of real estate: reflects the recognition degree of real estate by residents or experts in the community.

2.2 Social and environmental indicators

The social environment of the community not only includes the construction of safety, health, education and cultural facilities related to the immediate interests of the community residents, but also involves the living conditions of the community residents, the planning and design of the community, the traffic and social security system of the community. Residential fire facilities: refers to whether the residential fire facilities meet the standards. Seismic fortification: whether it has passed the seismic detection of relevant departments and its seismic grade.

Public security situation in the community: whether there are theft, fighting and other situations that affect public security in the community. Number of hospitals or clinics: the number of hospitals or clinics around the community 1km. Community recreational facilities: whether there are fitness facilities in the community, what facilities are there, and the daily maintenance status of these facilities. Number of schools: the number of schools around the community 1km. Community activities: the number of libraries or reading rooms around the community 1km. Neighborhood relationship: whether the neighbors in the community often communicate, often help each other, and whether there are typical deeds. Convenience of life: whether the number of supermarkets and vegetable markets around the community is concentrated. Per capita construction area: the proportion of the total construction area of the community to the permanent population of the community. Building density: the ratio of the total building area of the community to the area occupied by the community. Landscape environment: refers to whether the landscape design of the community is distinctive, beautiful and compatible with the surrounding environment. Layout combination and function: refers to whether the layout combination of residential areas is scientific and whether the functions are complete.

Consider whether it is thoughtful. Indoor ventilation: evaluate indoor natural ventilation from factors such as the layout of the house and the ratio of window to floor. Community characteristics: refers to the architectural design and planning characteristics of the community. Distance to bus stop: the distance from the community to the nearest bus stop. Public transport service frequency: measured by bus service frequency per hour. Number of bus lines: the number of bus lines reaching the community. Motor vehicle accessibility: refers to the traffic conditions in the community, whether public and private vehicles can be used conveniently, the frequency of traffic jams, road quality, etc. Number of parking spaces: refers to the ratio of parking spaces to number of households.

2.3 Eco-environmental indicators

Ecological environment is the "core" of the evaluation index system. The description of ecological environment describes the ecology of residential quarters as a whole from the aspects of water environment system, sound environment system, light environment system, gas environment system, greening environment system and waste management and treatment system.

Elements and main contents of environmental assessment. Water quality standard (landscape water body): the water quality of artificial lakes, fountains, fish ponds and other landscape water bodies in the community should meet the standard to prevent odor from being generated due to unqualified water quality and polluting the community environment. Discharge rate of sewage treatment: The evaluation standard is Sludge Discharge Standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (CJ/T3025). Utilization rate of reclaimed water: the secondary utilization rate of water. Daytime noise level of residential area: The evaluation standard is Urban Regional Noise Standard (GB3096-93). Indoor daytime noise level: The evaluation standard is Urban Regional Noise Standard (GB3096-93). Three-dimensional lighting system for roads in residential areas refers to the rationality of matching landscape lamps with lighting lamps and the suitability of illuminance, night scene and lighting conditions. Sunshine hours (in severe cold weather): sunshine hours on the balcony of the ground floor room in severe cold weather, calculated by H. Green rate: greening situation in the community, greening rate = green area in the community/total area of the community. Plant richness: refers to the diversity of greening plants in the community. Through scientific allocation, plants with different ecological characteristics can be placed in their proper places, and sunlight, air, land, space, nutrients and water can be fully utilized to form a harmonious and stable community. Classification rate of domestic garbage collection: The standardized collection and management of domestic garbage can avoid the disorder and confusion of garbage disposal, ensure the environmental sanitation of the community, and at the same time, the classified collection of garbage is conducive to its recycling. Sealing rate of domestic garbage collection and transportation: it means that during garbage transportation, we must pay attention to the sealing or covering of garbage trucks to prevent scattering along the way and affect the environmental sanitation of the community.

2.4 technical environmental indicators

The development of architectural residence depends on the breakthrough of technology and materials. The development history of architectural residence can also be said to be the development history of architectural technology and materials. The construction technology in the technical environment system mainly refers to the scientific design and the application of new materials in the construction process; Intelligent technology embodies the intelligent level of community management and service; Communication information technology reflects the modernization level of society to a certain extent. Green material: refers to the use of new materials with low energy consumption, low pollution and renewable. Proportion of building energy efficiency: Building energy efficiency is to improve the living environment of residents through scientific and reasonable building thermal design and the application of building technical means, so as to make buildings warm in winter and cool in summer, thus achieving the purpose of saving energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution.

3 evaluation methods and process of living environment

The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the living environment of this community. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is a comprehensive evaluation by applying the principle of fuzzy transformation and the principle of maximum membership, considering various factors related to the evaluated things.

The evaluation process of human settlement environment is shown in figure 1. In the evaluation process, we should pay attention to the following issues:

#3 1.2

(1) The questionnaire consists of two parts. Part is the enterprise questionnaire, and part is the resident questionnaire.

(2) The enterprise questionnaire should include the data provided by the enterprise for the hard indicators in the evaluation index system and the language description of the soft indicators.

(3) The topic of questionnaire design should cover all evaluation indicators.

(4) Using analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of index items. Its main limitation is that people's subjective judgments, choices and preferences have great influence on the results. Therefore, in the process of data collection, authoritative experts should be selected as much as possible and graded by group participation to reduce errors.

(5) According to the two papers, the enterprise questionnaire score (R 1) and the resident questionnaire score (R2) were obtained respectively. Where R 1(R2)=∑[μj∑(θiωi)j], i= 1~n, j =1~ m; N—— the number of items selected by a single indicator; M-the number of indicators.

(6) The final scoring results need to combine the scores of the two questionnaires. Total score r = 70% × r 1+30%× R2, in which 70% and 30% are corresponding weights, and the specific weight values can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

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