Water supply and drainage settings for advanced residential buildings?

The setting of water supply and drainage in senior residence is very important, which directly affects the details of use. In order to play the best role, the handling of every detail is very important. Zhong Da Consulting will introduce you to the water supply and drainage settings of advanced residential buildings.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, in order to meet the residents' demand for high quality, at the turn of the century, the design and construction of houses are required to have greater adaptability and flexibility, and higher scientific and technological content and cultural connotation are required.

Now, the core of housing construction has changed from simply satisfying people's living conditions to providing a comprehensive people-oriented well-off living space. Many real estate developers focus on high-grade housing and build a large number of comfortable, elegant and pleasant houses.

1 Settings of water supply system

1. 1 water meter settings

In recent years, in order to protect residents' privacy and facilitate property management, water meters are generally installed in residential water supply and drainage design to avoid reading meters at home.

Centralized water meters are divided into multi-layer centralized water meters and each layer of centralized water meters.

When water meters are centrally arranged on multiple floors, water meters can be centrally arranged outside the building, inside the building (a water meter room or water meter box is arranged on several floors) and on the roof, and special water meter boxes or water meters can be arranged. The centralized arrangement of water meters on each floor is to set the water meters on each floor of the house in one or several positions.

The duplex room can be equipped with water meters every two floors (because there is a user on the two floors of the duplex room); Water meters or water meter boxes can also be set up on every four floors, in which some water meters are used for duplex residential users on the upper two floors and the other water meters are used for duplex residential users on the lower two floors.

Centralized arrangement of water meters on multiple floors saves space and is convenient for management; A water supply pipe can be used for centralized arrangement of water meters on each floor to reduce pipeline investment. The two arrangements have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is best to consider them comprehensively when designing.

When arranging water meters in the frozen areas in the north, we should fully consider the warm and anti-freezing measures of water meters to prevent freezing.

When building intelligent residential quarters, remote water meters should be used to realize intelligent management.

Figure 1 is a system diagram of the method of setting up multi-layer water meters on the ground outside the building. This is the most commonly used water meter layout in southern China.

1.2 calculation of water supply system

The water consumption is calculated as 1.2. 1

The single building area of senior residence is relatively large. Generally, there are two or more bathrooms, and the master bedroom has a separate bathroom. Almost all senior residential bathrooms have toilet, washbasin, washing machine, bathtub (shower equipment) and other sanitary appliances. High-grade residential water consumption is relatively large. When calculating the water consumption, we usually determine the domestic water quota value according to the actual situation in the region, and the value is greater than the value specified in the specification.

The domestic water quota of residential buildings in this area is often between 300 and 500 L/(person-day), and the number of people in each house is calculated according to its area, including 2 bathrooms, 3 to 4 people and 3 to 4 people.

Residents living in high-grade houses do not have the same living time as residents living in ordinary houses, and the water consumption time is relatively scattered. We suggest that the hourly variation coefficient of water consumption should not be too large.

The value range of hourly variation coefficient in this area is generally 2.3- 1.8.

1.2.2 pipeline hydraulic calculation

Users of high-grade houses (especially those who have been renovated twice) often configure showers according to their own preferences. The required water head value of different nozzles is different. When determining the required outflow head value before the water distribution point of residential shower, it is advisable to choose a larger value.

Some families have long indoor water supply pipes. At this time, it is best not to choose the pipe diameter by experience, in order to prevent the phenomenon that the pipe diameter is too small, the pipeline produces noise, and the water outlet of the water point can not meet the water demand. The pipe diameter must be determined after detailed calculation.

1.2.3 determination of pipe diameter of domestic water supply inlet pipe

By summing up the long-term design experience and combining the practice of design return visit, we think that the diameter of domestic water supply inlet pipe in this area can be determined as follows:

When there is only one kitchen and one bathroom at home, use pipes with a diameter of DNl5. (When the indoor water supply pipeline is long, the pipeline with the diameter of DN20 should be adopted. When a house has a kitchen, two bathrooms or more kitchens and bathrooms, use pipes with a diameter of DN25.

1.3 pipeline setting

1.3. 1 The pipes from the indoor kitchen to the bathroom or from the bathroom to the kitchen should be arranged on the shortest route as far as possible.

If the water supply pipe is laid on the floor; On the plane, you can take the shortest distance from the bathroom to the kitchen to lay pipes. If galvanized pipe is laid, it is better to lay a pipe with a length less than one whole pipe, that is, the length of the laid pipe is less than 12m.

The purpose of this is to reduce pipe joints and reduce the chance of pipe leakage.

Some designers are used to arranging the water supply pipes in a straight line along the corner, and then laying them in a 90-degree direction once or several times, which makes the water supply pipes embedded in the floor turn too much, the pipes are too long, the head loss of the pipes increases, and it is easy to leak. We don't think it is necessary to do so.

Figure 2 shows the layout of the embedded water supply pipeline of a project for reference by designers. (The solid line part is the suitable laying position of the water supply pipe, and the dotted line part is the inappropriate layout position of the water supply pipe)

1.3.2 water supply pipes should give priority to UPVC pipes, copper pipes, polyethylene pipes, polypropylene pipes, polybutylene pipes, aluminum-plastic composite pipes and steel-plastic composite pipes. Minimize or stop using galvanized steel pipes to avoid and prevent the pollution of domestic water.

When the water supply pipeline is buried, and the pipe diameter is equal to or greater than 75mm, it is recommended to use water supply ductile iron pipe (with lining) or water supply UPVC pipe instead of ordinary water supply cast iron pipe.

The galvanized steel pipe buried underground or laid in the cushion (although its galvanized layer plays a protective role for the pipeline, it is not an anticorrosive layer) still needs anti-corrosion measures. Some designers and construction units have not paid attention to this and should pay attention to it.

1.3.3 in order to reduce the noise of water supply in the building, it is advisable to install flexible rubber joints and other vibration isolation and noise reduction devices and accessories on the water supply branch pipes of every household in the house. (see figure 1)

2 drainage system settings

2. 1 Drainage pipe setting

2. In the design of1.1,the floor of the toilet is often lowered by 40cm-50cm (that is, the sunken toilet), and a horizontal drainage pipe is laid in this part of the space. Such a drainage pipe is arranged indoors, which is convenient for pipeline replacement and maintenance, and is especially suitable for newly renovated houses.

2. 1.2 The bathrooms in senior residences are almost all suspended ceilings. At this time, horizontal drainage pipes can be laid in the upper space of the lower bathroom according to the practice of old-fashioned bathroom drainage pipes, and P-type traps or S-type traps with inspection openings can be installed. We think this practice is not as good as the former one, and the maintenance of horizontal drainage pipes will affect the lower-level households.

2. 1.3 Some houses (especially duplex rooms) have different bathrooms and kitchens upstairs and downstairs. Some halls or rooms have bathrooms or kitchens above them, while others have balconies or terraces below them.

In this case, it is generally not possible to lay horizontal pipes on the upper part of the lower space, nor to lower the toilet floor. The setting of horizontal drainage pipes needs special treatment.

Our usual practice is to lay a horizontal drainage pipe on the floor of the bathroom, and install a toilet with horizontal water outlet and a floor drain on the side wall. The advantage of this method is that the horizontal drainage pipe is only laid in the bathroom, which does not affect the normal function of the corresponding space at the lower level. Its disadvantage is that the side wall floor drain is easy to cause poor drainage and sewage overflow. (See Figure 3)

Another way is to lay a horizontal drainage pipe on the bathroom floor, install a toilet with horizontal water outlet, and set a floor drain on the bathroom floor. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the former method, but in order to deal with the connection problem between the floor drain and the drainage riser, the cross-sectional dimensions of the floor drain and the drainage riser should be reduced as much as possible. Another method is to raise the toilet floor, set an interlayer between the raised floor and the original floor, and lay pipes in the interlayer. This method was often used in the past, but the disadvantage is that the floor height of the bathroom is reduced and it is inconvenient to enter and exit the bathroom stairs. We don't advocate this practice.

These practices are also applicable to the laying of horizontal drainage pipes in kitchens.

2.2 Setting of drainage riser

2.2. 1 The drainage riser should be set on the inner wall of the bathroom or kitchen as far as possible. It is best to build pipelines and hide drainage risers. Drainage risers can be laid on the external walls of buildings in southern areas (but the joints of pipes leaving the walls should be handled well).

2.2.2 Part of the drainage riser is laid in the corner of the hall or room under stress. In this case, the drainage riser should be hidden in a U-shaped groove or rectangular space specially designed for the hall and room, so that the hall and room can be kept square. After these drainage risers are laid, pipeline wells need to be laid. The purpose of laying the pipeline well is to separate the pipeline from the hall and the house, so as to ensure that the laying of the drainage riser can meet the requirements of the specification; Another purpose is to reduce the noise of pipes and minimize the impact of noise on halls and rooms; Another purpose is to facilitate the decoration of halls and rooms.

2.2.3 The setting of the inspection port on the drainage riser of duplex residence is different from that of ordinary residence. Our practice is to set up inspection ports on the lowest floor of drainage riser, the lowest floor of drainage riser with horizontal drainage pipe for each household (the duplex house may be on the first floor or the second floor) and the top floor of the residence. The advantage of this method is that it can give full play to the role of inspection port. There is no inspection port on the drainage riser of the hall, and there is no access door in the pipeline well here, which is convenient for the decoration of the hall.

3 sanitary ware settings

3. 1 A senior residence generally has two or more bathrooms, one of which belongs to the owner's room. According to the different living habits of residents in different areas, the sanitary ware settings in the bathroom are also different.

Most of the master bathrooms in this area are equipped with bathtubs, washbasins and toilets, and some of them are equipped with shower rooms or wall-mounted showers according to the requirements of the owners. There are also female bidets in the bathroom of some senior residential owners' rooms. Other bathrooms are generally equipped with bathtubs (some only have shower heads without bathtubs), washbasins and toilets (some houses are equipped with squatting pans), and washing machines are generally left in these bathrooms.

3.2 the kitchen of the house; Generally equipped with stainless steel washbasin or other advanced washbasins. In order to facilitate the use of water, the kitchen had better be equipped with double vegetable basins and two faucets. In most kitchens, an angle valve is usually installed at the water point first, and then a hose is used to connect the angle shade with the special high-grade faucet for the kitchen. Kitchen drainage floor drain should choose high water seal odor-resistant floor drain.

3.3 Some houses have laundry rooms. If the plane location permits, it is best to install a washbasin in these laundry rooms to facilitate hand washing. Pay attention to the installation height of water supply faucet of washing machine when laying pipeline.

According to the investigation of all kinds of washing machines, the water supply faucet of washing machines should be installed at the height of 1.2 meters from the ground.

3.4 When a newly renovated house is renovated for the second time, users usually install sanitary wares according to their own preferences. Toilets may be equipped with toilets or squatting ambassadors. For such a house, how to configure drainage pipes in the bathroom to meet the requirements of different users?

Our practice is to leave a toilet drain in the middle of the bathroom; A D 100 drain nozzle is reserved in the innermost part of the bathroom (near the window). The position of the nozzle can not only meet the size requirements for installing the squatting pan, but also be used for installing the bathtub (when installing the bathtub, a D 100 XD50 nozzle can be installed on the D100 drainage nozzle to take over); Install a floor drain between the bathtub and the toilet. The reserved drain is generally above the ground 10cm, which is temporarily blocked to facilitate the user's secondary decoration.

Figure 3 shows the layout of the drain pipes in the bathroom in the newly renovated house.

If the user needs to install a squatting pan, when choosing a squatting pan with a trap, the squatting pan can be directly installed on the nozzle of the drainage pipe; When choosing a squatting pan without a trap, it is necessary to install a P trap before installing it.

If the squatting pan is installed in the bathroom, the washbasin should be installed with the original reserved washbasin drain (connected with a D 100 D50 nozzle and then connected with the washbasin drain), and the original reserved washbasin drain should be transformed into a shower floor drain. That is, in the second renovation, the original reserved toilet seat was changed to washbasin seat, washbasin seat was changed to shower seat, and bathtub seat was changed to squat ambassador position.

Figure 4 shows the toilet drainage pipe configuration group after secondary decoration.

4 Some suggestions

In the design and construction of old-age housing, we should follow the people-oriented principle, pay attention to the application of new products, new equipment, new technologies and new processes, and embody the principle that design and construction serve users well.

4. 1 When conditions permit, popularize remote water meters to make property management intelligent.

4.2 In suitable areas, solar water heaters can be installed to save energy.

4.3 Choose new products such as ceramic sealed faucet, toilet water-saving tank fittings, etc. to save water.

4.4 It is suggested that the super-high-rise residential buildings should choose flexible interface drainage pipes to meet the seismic requirements of buildings.

4.5 In water-deficient areas, the reclaimed water system should be designed when conditions permit. Collect and utilize rainwater, air conditioning condensate, domestic wastewater, etc. As a renewable water source. Make full use of water resources.

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