Suzhou Garden Tour Guide Words 600 Words

Suzhou gardens use engineering technology and artistic means in a certain area.

Suzhou garden landscape (20 pieces) is called garden, which is a beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking stones and managing water), planting flowers and plants, building and arranging garden roads. Suzhou is state-list famous historical and culture cities, with the reputation of "paradise on earth and city of gardens". It has always been famous for its beautiful scenery and elegant gardens, and has the reputation of "Jiangnan Garden is the best in the world and Suzhou Garden is the first in Jiangnan". Suzhou classical gardens "enjoy the beauty of mountains and rivers without leaving the city walls, and Lingquan lives in the downtown area". 1985, Suzhou Garden was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. As a world famous historical and cultural city, Suzhou has accumulated the charm of Wu culture for more than 2500 years. Around 1 1 century BC, the local tribe called itself "Wu Gou" and Suzhou called it "Wu". In 5 14 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, established his capital here, and its scale and status have not changed so far, which is rare in the world. There are not only magnificent lakes and mountains here, but also picturesque scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with small bridges and flowing water-Suzhou, known as the "land of plenty in the south of the Yangtze River", is rich and beautiful, and is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities announced in China. Suzhou has been the economic and cultural center of Jiangnan since ancient times, with complete urban pattern, beautiful scenery and unique natural landscape. This is a famous tourist attraction. Suzhou gardens, which are world-renowned, adopt the method of shrinking the landscape, giving people the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small, and winning the reputation of "garden city" for Suzhou. As typical classical gardens in Suzhou, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa were all born in the heyday of private gardens in Suzhou. The natural beauty of Suzhou gardens, with its profound artistic conception, exquisite construction, elegant art and rich cultural connotation, has become a model and representative of many classical gardens in Suzhou. Suzhou is good at gardens, which makes people lament the exquisite craftsmanship and natural exquisiteness of gardening. Classical gardens such as Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa were listed in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in 1997 and 65438+February respectively (Canglang Pavilion was added in 2000). Lion Forest, Lovers Garden, Art Garden and Retreat Garden are world cultural heritages. Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden represent Song (960 ~ 1276), Yuan (127 1 ~ 1368) and Ming (1368 ~/kloc) respectively.

The garden environment in Suzhou (19 pieces) and the artistic style in Qing dynasty (1644 ~191year) are also called "four famous gardens" in Suzhou. List of main gardens in Suzhou: private gardens: Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master Garden, Art Garden, Huanxiu Mountain Villa and European Garden; Buddhist Gardens: Xuanji (North Temple Pagoda), Xiyuan, Hanshan Temple, Twin Towers, Ruiguang Pagoda Royal Gardens: Tiger Hill (He Lv Tomb of King Wu) and Lingyan Mountain (Wu Palace).

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Suzhou is located in temperate zone, with four distinct seasons, mild climate and abundant rainfall. It has a humid monsoon climate in the north subtropical zone, with annual average precipitation 1 100 mm, annual average temperature 15.5℃ and 1 monthly average temperature of 2.5℃. The average temperature in July is 28 degrees Celsius. The city is low-lying, with plains accounting for 55% of the total area, dense water networks, fertile land and rich products. Ye Ping is rich in Daoxiang and Bibo, and its agricultural and sideline products are very rich. People's poems "Know the red lotus beside the fragrant rice", "Peach blossoms and flowing water are rich in mandarin fish fat" and "Buy ling in the night market and carry it on a boat in spring" are all praises for Suzhou's rich products. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Mainly planting rice, wheat and rape, producing cotton, sericulture and fruit. The specialties are Biluochun tea, Yangtze river swordfish, Taihu whitebait and Yangcheng Lake hairy crab. Suzhou is a famous "land of abundance" and "land of silk", and is known as "paradise on earth". Topography Suzhou City belongs to the Yangtze River Delta Plain and Taihu Plain, two provincial-level natural geographical areas, and four secondary natural areas, namely, sandbar area along the Yangtze River Plain, Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Plain, Taihu Lake and lakeside hilly area, and Yangcheng-Dianmao low area. The terrain is characterized by gentle plains. The whole city is low and flat, and it slopes slowly from west to east. The plain is 3-4 meters above sea level, and the area around Yangcheng Lake and Wujiang River is only about 2 meters.

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The history of Suzhou classical gardens can be traced back to the gardens of King Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period in the 6th century BC. Private gardens were first recorded in Dongjiang Garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4th century). Gardens flourished in past dynasties, with more and more famous gardens. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou became the most prosperous area in China, with private gardens all over the ancient city. In the heyday of 16 ~ 18 century, there were more than 200 gardens in Suzhou, and now dozens of them are well preserved, making Suzhou known as a paradise on earth. As typical classical gardens in Suzhou, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa were all born in the heyday of private gardens in Suzhou. They have become models and representatives of many classical gardens in Suzhou with their profound artistic conception, exquisite construction, elegant art and rich cultural connotation. China's gardening art and China's literary painting art have far-reaching historical origins, especially influenced by the literati's freehand brushwork landscape painting in Tang and Song Dynasties, which is a model of literati's freehand brushwork landscape simulation. In the course of its development, China gardens have formed two series: royal gardens and private gardens. The former is concentrated in Beijing and the latter is represented by Suzhou. Due to the differences in political, economic, cultural status and natural geographical conditions, there are obvious differences in scale, layout, volume, style and color. Royal gardens are famous for their grandeur, neatness and richness, while Suzhou gardens are famous for their smallness, freedom, exquisiteness, elegance and freehand brushwork. Because the latter pays more attention to the harmony and unity of culture and art, the royal gardens developed in the later period also absorbed a lot of "freehand brushwork" techniques of private gardens in terms of artistic conception, creative thinking, architectural techniques and humanistic content. Perfect living conditions and living environment: Suzhou classical gardens and folk houses are integrated, which can be appreciated, visited and lived. The formation of this architectural form is a creation that human beings attach to nature, pursue harmony with nature, beautify and improve their living environment in a densely populated city lacking natural scenery. Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa are four classical gardens with complete architectural types and well-preserved. They systematically and comprehensively show the layout, structure, shape, style, color, decoration, furniture and furnishings of Suzhou classical garden buildings. They are representative works of Jiangnan folk architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties (14 ~ the beginning of the 20th century) and reflect the Jiangnan of China in this period. It once influenced the architectural style of the whole city in the south of the Yangtze River, and brought the design, conception, layout, aesthetics and construction technology of folk buildings closer to it, reflecting the scientific and technological level and artistic achievements of urban construction at that time. An important feature of Suzhou gardens with rich social and cultural connotations is that they are not only the product of history and culture, but also Suzhou gardens.

The carrier of China's traditional ideology and culture. It is manifested in the naming, plaques, couplets, calligraphy stones, carving and decoration of garden halls, as well as the meanings of flowers and trees and the feelings of stacking stones. It is not only a beautiful art that adorns gardens, but also stores a lot of historical, cultural, ideological and scientific information, and its material and spiritual content is extremely profound. Some reflect and spread various philosophical concepts and schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; Some preach the philosophy of life and cultivate noble sentiments; With the help of classical poems and literary works, the landscape is embellished, germinated and rendered, so that people can turn the landscape into feelings, produce artistic beauty and obtain spiritual satisfaction in the process of living and sightseeing. The park has a well-preserved collection of calligraphy works by famous calligraphers in China, which is a precious work of art with high cultural value. In addition, Suzhou Classical Garden, as the first house garden in China, reflects the life style and etiquette of folk living and leaving their relatives in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China, and is the material for understanding and studying the folk customs in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China. [1] Suzhou classical gardens have always been called "literati gardens". Bai Juyi said in the Collection of Caotang: "Building the land is a platform, gathering boxing stones is a mountain, and fighting around the water is a pool", which is the paradigm of literati gardens. Suzhou gardens fully embody the theme of "natural beauty". In the design and construction, various methods are used to organize the space according to local conditions, such as borrowing scenery, comparing scenery, dividing scenery, isolating scenery, etc., resulting in the artistic effect of twists and turns, seeing the big from the small, and alternating reality with reality. Through overlapping mountains to control water, planting flowers and trees, and configuring garden buildings, a poetic landscape garden is formed, and an "urban mountain forest" where man and nature live in harmony is created in the city. Suzhou gardens have absorbed the essence of Jiangnan garden architecture art, which is an excellent cultural heritage of China.

Suzhou garden buildings (16 pieces) are naturally listed as human and natural cultural heritage by the United Nations. Suzhou gardens are good at skillfully combining limited space into changeable scenery and winning with small and exquisite structure. Master Garden, Lion Forest, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden are collectively called "Four Famous Gardens in Suzhou", and are known as "the best gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, and the best gardens in the south of Suzhou". Suzhou Garden represents the style and artistic level of private gardens in China, and it is a rare tourist attraction. Suzhou gardens are the art of time and history. A large number of plaques, couplets, paintings, sculptures, stone tablets, furniture, ornaments and so on. The garden is full of exquisite works of art that decorate the garden, and all of them contain China's ancient philosophy, cultural awareness and aesthetic taste. "Rain surprises poetry and dreams of banana leaves", which is a vivid portrayal of Suzhou gardens; "Lotus leaves a book in the wind", which is the best description of garden artistic conception. Classical windows of time have brought us into Suzhou Gardens.

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Garden model

Humble Administrator's Garden

(English name: The Classical Gardens of Suzhou) The World Heritage Committee commented on Suzhou's classical gardens in this way: no garden can better embody the ideal quality of Chinese classical garden design than the gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, and can recreate Gankun in a short distance. Suzhou garden is recognized as a model to realize this design concept. These gardens built in11~19th century, with their elaborate design, embody the profound artistic conception that China culture conforms to and transcends nature. The Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa in Suzhou were listed in the World Heritage List on 1997 according to the cultural heritage selection criteria C (Ⅰ) (Ⅱ) (Ⅲ) (Ⅳ) (Ⅴ). In 2000, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Art Garden, Lovers Garden and Retreat Garden were approved as the expansion projects of Suzhou classical gardens.

Heritage login process

From 65438 to 0997, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa, as representatives of Suzhou classical gardens, were listed as world cultural heritage. In 2000, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Lovers Garden, Art Garden and Retreat Garden, as expansion projects of Suzhou classical gardens, were also listed as world cultural heritage.

Heritage registration evaluation

Log in because it meets the following evaluation criteria of world cultural heritage: Suzhou gardens

(1) represents a unique artistic achievement and a creative masterpiece of genius; (2) It can have a significant impact on the development of architectural art, memorial art, town planning or landscape design in a certain period or in a certain cultural region of the world; (3) It can provide a unique or at least special witness for the disappearing civilization or cultural tradition; (4) An outstanding example of a certain architectural style in the development of human history; (5) It can be regarded as an outstanding example of traditional human habitation or use, representing one (or several) cultures, especially under the influence of irreversible changes.

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Lingering Garden

Lingering Garden is one of the four famous gardens in China. Lingering Garden, located outside Nagato, Suzhou, was founded in 1860.

Ming dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, it was called "Hanbilou", commonly known as "Liuyuan", and later changed to "Lingering Garden". Lingering Garden covers an area of about 50 mu, with mountains and rivers in the middle, which is the essence of the whole garden. The main buildings are Hanbishan Building, Mingse Building, Quxi Building of Cui Yuan Pavilion and Qingfengchi Pavilion. The number of buildings staying in the garden ranks first in Suzhou gardens, and its outstanding treatment in space fully reflects the superb skills and outstanding wisdom of ancient gardeners. The architectural space is properly handled, ranking first in Suzhou gardens. The whole garden of Lingering Garden is divided into four parts. In a garden, you can enjoy four different scenery: landscape, pastoral, mountain forest and garden. The central part is famous for its waterscape, which is the essence of the whole garden. In the east, Quyuan cloister architecture wins. In the east of the garden, there are more than a dozen places, such as the hall with good sunshine, happy rain and fast snow, the pavilion near the spring, my reading room, Guanyun Building and so on. There are three stone peaks standing behind the pool in the courtyard, with the famous stone crown Yunfeng in the middle and Ruiyunfeng and Yun Xiu Peak on both sides. There are pastoral scenery and new bonsai gardens in the north; The west area is the highest place in the whole park, full of wild interest, strange rockeries, and natural accumulation of rocks and stones. Bishan Building and B&B Building in Han Dynasty in Jinan are the main landscape buildings in Lingering Garden. There are also "Little Taoyuan (Little Penglai)", Cui Yuan Pavilion, Quxi Building and Qingfengchi Pavilion in the architectural landscape of Lingering Garden.

Pu Yi

Art Garden is a famous garden built in Ming Dynasty. Zu Yingtang was founded by Yuan, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, and was originally named "Zu Yingtang".

Later, it was returned to Zeng Sun Wen of Wen Zhiming, assistant minister Zuo and university student Dong Ge (equivalent to deputy prime minister) in the late Ming Dynasty, and renamed as "medicine garden". After the death of the Ming dynasty, it was owned by Jiang Cai, a scholar in the Chongzhen period of the Ming dynasty. Jingting) In the early Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Jingting Mountain House, and later its son Jiang Shijie was renamed "Art Garden". Zhidao Lightyear is the location of the seventh pavilion of satin industry. Art Garden is a small garden with the artistic characteristics of Ming Dynasty. The whole garden layout is simple and cheerful, the style is natural and simple, and there is no fussy feeling of piling up. Its artistic value is far superior to the garden works in the late Qing Dynasty. From the layout of mountains and rivers, the opening of pavilions to the detailed treatment of one stone and one tree, the simple and elegant style features are dialysis, and the basic concept of gardening is outlined in a concise way. The art garden was built in the Ming Dynasty as a famous medicine garden, and changed to an art garden in the early Qing Dynasty.

Ouyuan

Located in Xiaoxingang Lane, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, it is named after the East and West Gardens. Dongyuan was built in the early Qing Dynasty.

Formerly known as Sheyuan, it was later expanded into the present situation. The gate of the house is in the south, and you can enter the West Garden through the entrance hall, sedan chair hall and the small door on the west wall in front of the hall. The main hall in the garden is an old house with woven curtains and a courtyard in the north and south, all of which are rockeries. There is a library in the northeast corner of the North Courtyard, which is connected with the residential buildings, which embodies the combination of the library and the courtyard. From the residential hall to the east, through the courtyard and small living room, is the East Garden. The East Garden is about twice as big as the West Garden. There is a rockery in the northwest and a pool in the southeast. Qucaotang, the main hall at the north end of the city, is a double-eaved building with three main halls under it and a heavy building above it, adjacent to the residential buildings. It is a rare example of Suzhou gardens. The piling technique of Huangshi rockery in front of the hall is superb. It is divided into two parts: the eastern part is large, and there are stone steps to climb the stone wall of the pool, which is magnificent; The west is small and declining, and the two mountains are "deep valleys".

Humble Administrator's Garden

Humble Administrator's Garden

Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called the four classical gardens in China, and is known as "the mother of China gardens". Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Humble Administrator's Garden is located in Loumen, Suzhou. It is the largest garden in Suzhou and a masterpiece of Suzhou gardens. It was founded in the period of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty. Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into three parts: East Garden, Middle Garden and West Garden. The East Garden is surrounded by mountains and waters, dotted with buildings such as churches and orchids. In the west, the water surface is circuitous and the layout is compact, and pavilions are built by mountains and rivers. The main building, Yuanyang Hall, was the place where park owners entertained guests and listened to songs at that time, and the hall was fully furnished. "Who sits on the porch with you" in the garden is a fan pavilion. There are two fan-shaped empty windows on the solid walls on both sides of the fan, one facing the inverted photo studio and the other facing the "Yuanyang Hall", while the window behind the mountain just reflects the Li Ting entering the mountain, and the top cover of the Li Ting is just equipped with a complete fan. Central Garden is the essence of Humble Administrator's Garden. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, and pavilions are built by the water, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan water town. The main building, Yuanxiangtang, is located on the south bank of the pool, facing the east and west mountain islands of the main scene across the pool. Each mountain island has a pavilion, with a snowy cloud pavilion in the west and a frost pavilion in the east. The scenery of the four seasons varies from time to time. The layout of the central garden of Humble Administrator's Garden is centered on the lotus pond, with Yuanxiangtang as the main building and two islands in the pond as the main scenery. Most other buildings face the water and Yuan Xiangtang. Judging from the name of the building, most of them are related to lotus flowers. The reason why Wang wants to vigorously promote Lotus is mainly to show his noble character. [2] The west was originally a "supplementary garden" with an area of about 12.5 mu. Its water surface is circuitous, the layout is compact, and pavilions are built by mountains and rivers. Because after a substantial reconstruction, the ingenious and artificial artistic style formed after Qianlong gained the upper hand, but the water and stone parts are still close to the central scenic spot, and the winding water corridors and streams passing through Ling Bo are masterpieces of Suzhou gardening art.

pavilion of surging waves

Canglang Pavilion, located in the south of Suzhou, is the oldest garden in Suzhou, which was built in Canglang Pavilion in the Northern Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.

Over the years (104 1 ~ 1048), it was once the residence of Han Shizhong, a famous soldier in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty (12nd century). The gardening art of Canglang Pavilion is different from others. Without entering the garden gate, a pool of green water surrounds the garden. The park is dominated by rocks, facing an earthen mountain, on which Canglang Stone Pavilion is located. There is a pool under the mountain, and the mountains and rivers are connected by a winding corridor. Ming Dow Hall in the southeast of the rockery is the main building of the garden. In addition, there are 500 immortal temples, Kanshanlou, Cuilinglong Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion and Yubei Pavilion. The layout of the whole park is natural and harmonious, which can be called a masterpiece with ingenious conception and appropriate techniques. Together with Lion Grove, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, it is listed as the four major gardens in Suzhou in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The garden has changed its owners several times, but most of the buildings have been damaged and repaired, while the rockery in the garden and the water in the pool outside the garden still maintain the old view.

Lion Grove

Sketch of Suzhou Lion Forest

Lion Grove is one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou with a history of more than 600 years. Located in the northeast of Suzhou, it was founded in Yuan Dynasty (AD 1342). Because there are many stone peaks in the garden, which look like lions, it is named "Lion Forest". Lion forest is rectangular in plane, with an area of about 15 mu. There are many beautiful rockeries in the forest, and the buildings are patchwork. The main buildings are Yanyutang, Jianshan Tower, Waterfall Pavilion and Wenmei Pavilion. Lion Forest has a distinctive theme, rich depth of field, distinctive personality, ingenious fake holes and valleys, and unique charm of every grass and tree. The buildings in the park are mainly misty rain hall, followed by a small square hall with a snow hall. To the west, know Baixuan and Lion Forest autumn scenery can be reached.

This is a two-story attic, surrounded by exquisite Gao Shuang. To the west of Bai Xuan is the ancient Wusong Garden. The southwest corner is Jianshan Building. From Jianshan Building to the west, you can go to Lotus Hall. In the northwest of the hall, there is a really interesting pavilion next to the pool. The pavilion is beautifully decorated with seaweed and lifelike flowers. There are two stone boats beside the pavilion. On the bank of Zhou Shi is a building with faint fragrance and light shadow. From here, turn south along the corridor and you can reach the waterfall pavilion, which is the highest place in the whole park. The scenic center in the west of the park is Mei Wenting, and in front is Shuangxian Lane Pavilion. Shuangxiangxian Pavilion goes south to east, with a fan pavilion in the southwest corner and a small courtyard behind it, which is fresh and elegant.

the master of nets garden

Master Wang Garden is located in the southeast of Suzhou. Founded in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 127 ~ 1279), it was then called "fishing hiding". Ganlongnian Netscape Garden in Qing Dynasty

1736 ~ 1796 was rebuilt, taking the old meaning of "fishing and seclusion" and renaming it "Netlion Garden". Wang Shi Garden covers an area of about half a hectare and is the smallest garden in Suzhou. The main buildings in the park are Cong Guixuan, Zhuoying Shuige, Kansong Reading Painting Pavilion and Dianchunzi. The pavilions and pavilions in Master Wang's garden are all near the water, and there is water everywhere in the garden. All kinds of buildings are coordinated and compact in layout, famous for their exquisiteness and typical Ming style. The original garden is the "Wanjuan Hall" of Yangzhou bibliophile and assistant minister in Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the retired Guanglu Temple was purchased and rebuilt, and it was named "Wang Shiyuan". The owner of the net is a fisherman, who agrees with "fishing in seclusion", which means seclusion in Jianghu. Master Wang Garden means "the garden for fishermen to fish for the aged", which is homophonic with the lane name "Wang Si (Wang Si, today's wide streets and alleys)". The landscape layout and scenic spots in the park are full of seclusion.

Tuisiyuan

Tuisiyuan

Tuisi Garden is located in Dongxi Street, Tongli Town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province. It is the main attraction of the ancient town. It was built after Ren Lan abdicated to his hometown in Qing Dynasty. It means "retreat and think about it", so it is named the retreat garden. The total area of the retreat garden is nine mu and eight points. This garden has changed the vertical structure of the previous garden into a horizontal structure, with the house on the left, the yard in the middle and the garden on the right. The whole garden is compact and natural, combined with plants, presenting four seasons scenery, giving people a quiet feeling. The retreat garden is simple and elegant, with more than half of the water surface, and all buildings are close to the water surface. Because the garden floats on the water, it is the only garden building with water in China. The retreat garden house is divided into two parts: inside and outside. There are three entrances to the outhouse-sedan chair hall (hall), tea hall and Ursa Major Hall, which are arranged along the axis with distinct grades. Waizhai is mainly used for receiving tourists, holding weddings and ancestor worship ceremonies. There are two five-story and five-story horse racing buildings in the inner room, named "Vientiane Building", which are connected by double corridors. There is a ladder under the corridor, which not only protects against the wind and rain, but also separates the master and servant. The inner and outer rooms can be divided and combined, and the layout is compact.

Huanxiu Villa

Huanxiu Mountain Villa is located at No.262, Jingde Road, Suzhou, and is now the Suzhou Embroidery Museum. This garden was originally Huanxiu Mountain Villa.

The former site of Qianjingu Garden in the Five Dynasties became a private garden in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Now it covers an area of 2 179 square meters, of which the building area is 754 square meters. The landscape is dominated by mountains, supplemented by pool water, and there are not many buildings. Although the garden is small, it is very imposing. The rockery with lake stones in the garden is the first in China, which was built by Ge, a famous rockfall artist. Covering an area of only half an acre, there are cliffs, peaks, caves, valleys, terraces and ramps in the mountains. Dong Chi's main mountain, Chibei Sub-mountain, has a continuous momentum, which is like a mountain, suddenly breaking into a cliff. At the intersection of the ramp and the stream, there are several clear streams overlooking the sky. Magnificent and beautiful, just like being in a mountain, the whole mountain has been carefully treated, close to nature, one stone and one seam, and properly explained, which can be viewed from a distance or from a close distance. No wonder it has the reputation of "Jiangnan is unique and unique".

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When visiting Suzhou gardens, the biggest attraction is the application of borrowing scenery and contrasting scenery in China garden design. China gardens pay attention to "changing scenery" and have ingenious designs in scenery arrangement and viewing position, which is the most important feature different from western gardens. China Garden tries to perfectly reproduce the space and structure of the external world in the limited internal space. There are courtyards, pavilions and verandahs in the park, and the internal and external spaces penetrate each other, making it smooth, circulating and flowing. Through the lattice window, the vast natural scenery is condensed into a miniature landscape. Inscriptions can be seen everywhere, adding a rich humanistic atmosphere to the garden. Drops of clear water flow under your feet, reflecting the scenery in the garden, intertwined with reality and reality, bringing the viewer from the tangible real world into the infinite dream space. As far as techniques are concerned, borrowing scenery or putting the beautiful scenery outside the garden into the garden through careful selection and tailoring is called remote borrowing; Or use one scene to set off another scene, which is called borrowing scenery, and so on. In this way, Suzhou gardens with limited area can not only provide richer landscapes and deeper levels, but also greatly expand the spatial feelings of the appreciators. In the Humble Administrator's Garden "Hongyi Pavilion", you can see the North Temple Tower outside the garden; In the flower window of Canglang Pavilion, you can enjoy the bamboo forest outside the house, which is a common way to borrow scenery. You can find the charm of appreciating gardens in Mr. Ye Shengtao's (8 turn to Chinese textbook 2 1). China's gardening art has a deep historical origin with China's literature and painting art, especially influenced by the literati's freehand brushwork landscape painting in Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is a model of literati's freehand brushwork landscape simulation. In the course of its development, China gardens have formed two series: royal gardens and private gardens. The former is concentrated in Beijing and the latter is represented by Suzhou. Due to the differences in political, economic, cultural status and natural geographical conditions, there are obvious differences in scale, layout, volume, style and color. Royal gardens are famous for their grandeur, neatness and richness, while Suzhou gardens are famous for their smallness, freedom, exquisiteness, elegance and freehand brushwork. Because the latter pays more attention to the harmony and unity of culture and art, the royal gardens developed in the later period also absorbed a lot of "freehand brushwork" techniques of private gardens in terms of artistic conception, creative thinking, architectural techniques and humanistic content.

Edit the living environment of this paragraph.

Suzhou's classical gardens and folk houses are integrated, which can be appreciated, visited and lived. The formation of this architectural form is a creation that human beings attach themselves to nature, pursue harmony with nature, beautify and improve their living environment in a densely populated city lacking natural scenery. Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa are four classical gardens with complete architectural types and well-preserved. They systematically and comprehensively show the layout, structure, shape, style, color, decoration, furniture and furnishings of Suzhou classical garden buildings. They are representative works of Jiangnan folk architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties (14 ~ the beginning of the 20th century) and reflect the Jiangnan of China in this period. It once influenced the architectural style of the whole city in the south of the Yangtze River, and brought the design, conception, layout, aesthetics and construction technology of folk buildings closer to it, reflecting the scientific and technological level and artistic achievements of urban construction at that time. This is a great historical building! An important feature of Suzhou classical garden is that it is not only the product of history and culture, but also the carrier of China traditional thought and culture. It is manifested in the naming, plaque, calligraphy, carving and decoration of the garden hall, as well as the meaning of flowers and trees and the love of stacked stones. It is not only a beautiful art that adorns the garden, but also stores many historical, cultural, ideological and scientific information, material and spiritual contents. Some reflect and spread various philosophical concepts and schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; Some preach the philosophy of life and cultivate noble sentiments; With the help of classical poems and literary works, the landscape is embellished, germinated and rendered, so that people can turn the landscape into feelings in their lives and sightseeing, produce artistic beauty and obtain spiritual satisfaction. The park has a well-preserved collection of calligraphy works by famous calligraphers in China, which is a precious work of art with high cultural value. In addition, Suzhou Classical Garden, as the first house garden in China, reflects the life style and etiquette of folk living and leaving their relatives in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China, and is the material for understanding and studying the folk customs in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China.