How to choose a passenger elevator for residence?

How to choose an elevator and what should I pay attention to when choosing an elevator? (transferred from my QQ space)

I. Determination of elevator type

At the beginning of building planning, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of the building, because different types of elevators are used according to buildings with different purposes such as hotels, office buildings, hospitals, houses or industrial and mining enterprises. After the purpose of the building is determined, the passenger flow is analyzed according to the building area, floor height, people flow in and out, and the position of the elevator in the building. So as to determine the elevator speed, load (load when the elevator car is fully loaded) and the required number of elevators.

Taking small high-rise residential buildings all over the country as an example, what kind of elevator to choose and how to save development costs are the topics that designers and developers are most concerned about. Developers have to consider the economic benefits and the quality of houses when developing projects, so when choosing elevators, they should not only reduce costs but also meet the use requirements, and be safe and comfortable. Internationally, the elevator selection speed and load capacity of a 7-to 20-story residence, two-family elevator and three-family elevator are scientifically calculated, and the following results are obtained. The first is the choice of elevator configuration. For a house with two households and one elevator, it is the most economical and reasonable choice to choose the elevator load and speed of 800KG 1.0M/S- 1.5. Other options are 1000 load and 1.0M/S- 1.5M/S equipment. 800KG elevator can take 9- 10 people, and two or three families can sit together at the same time; 1000KG elevator can take 1 1- 13 people, and three or four households can take it at the same time;

Second, the choice of elevator specifications and standards

In the choice of specific manufacturers and brands of elevators, we can make as many contacts and choices as possible. It should be noted that in the configuration of hall doors, car doors, car sizes and elevator specifications, general standard products are used as much as possible, because the standard sizes are unified in manufacturing and relatively economical in cost. For example, two elevators of the same brand have the same speed, load and landing (number of hall doors) configuration, but one of them is a general standard series product, and the size of the hall door and car of the other one is nonstandard, that is, it needs to be processed separately, so the equipment cost of the latter will be higher than that of the former 10%~ 15%.

Another thing to note is that elevators are a special kind of goods, which are sold by order production. In other words, it's like tailoring production according to the specific requirements of the order. Therefore, once the supply and demand contract is signed, it is very troublesome for the manufacturer to change its specific specifications, dimensions and parameters after production. If the buyer returns the goods for this purpose, he will pay the manufacturer's deposit in advance according to the contract, which is generally non-refundable. The specifications and dimensions of the general standard vertical passenger elevator, taking an elevator with a load of 1000kg as an example, should be: number of passengers 13, hall door in the form of opposite doors, hall door width of 0.9m, height of 2. 1m, car width 1.6m and depth/kloc-. The depth is 2. 1m, the width of the hole left in the pure land at the entrance of the hall is 1. 14m, and the height is 2.24m The elevator room must be located directly above the elevator shaft. These basic data are the basic parameters of the unified elevator standard table at home and abroad.

Mention elevator manufacturers and brands. Be very cautious when choosing elevator manufacturers, elevator brands and installation and construction departments. It can also be said that this is a very critical step in purchasing elevators. Therefore, before signing the elevator order contract, it is necessary for the elevator purchasing department to spend time on the necessary audit and inspection of suppliers. The manufacturer is obliged to show the buyer the business license, elevator production license, construction enterprise level qualification of the construction department to which it belongs, installation safety approval certificate and other supporting documents, and also requires the buyer's personnel to consult the supplier's pre-sales and after-sales service commitments and warranty time, so as to know the actual situation and performance of the products needed, specifically, such as the highest lifting height, the maximum number of stops, the special tools, spare parts and supply cycle used for maintenance, and the production capacity and supply cycle of the manufacturers of such products. These contents also directly reflect the comprehensive strength and basic production conditions of the manufacturers.

At present, the national elevator manufacturing standard has clearly defined the basic functions and operation modes of elevators. Straight ladders (except sundries ladders, etc.). ) Generally, it is equipped with a dual-purpose switch device with/without driver, and at the same time, it is equipped with functions such as maintenance switch and emergency stop button for special personnel to use when operating the elevator. However, in terms of functions, there is a big gap between passenger elevator, cargo elevator and sundries elevator, so buyers must choose according to the elevator type. According to the national elevator manufacturing standards, this aspect has been very detailed. All kinds of elevators have complete basic functions, so it is no longer necessary for the owner to increase the equipment cost. However, some functions (functions beyond the basic functions), such as installing the monitoring system inside and outside the vehicle, power-off leveling device, artificial intelligence magnetic card, etc., are beyond the basic functions, and these functions will increase the equipment cost to a certain extent.

Third, the understanding of the national standards for elevators

National standards for elevators (referred to as the standards and regulations formulated by People's Republic of China (PRC) and the national standards for elevator production, manufacture and installation). At present, the manufacturer is implementing the Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation issued by the State 1995, and the document number is GB7588- 1995. The implementation standards are specified in detail, such as the horizontal size of the shaft, vertical deviation, the minimum height of the top floor, the depth of the pit and the fact that there should be no other pipelines except elevator equipment in the elevator shaft. Now, for the sake of safety, the labor department stipulates that standard permanent lighting should be installed in the hoistway, the ventilation conditions and lighting brightness of the machine room must meet the standards, the main power switch should be installed in a unified position, the ground can meet the bearing capacity, and the environmental requirements must be implemented and meet the national standards of elevators.

It should also be noted that if more than two elevators are installed in the same elevator hall, you can choose parallel connection or group control mode, so that the elevator cars can be automatically dispatched without the driver's control, which improves the elevator utilization rate and reduces the waiting time of passengers. However, in order to meet the requirements of these procedures, it is necessary to require parallel connection or elevator group control to stop between the stop floor and the base station in the same way; Call button and response signal should be unified. Elevator shafts in civil buildings are adjacent to each other. Doorways between shafts should be reserved, and the location of the machine room must be directly above the elevator car.

Fourth, the determination of elevator price

At present, the price of equipment is the most concerned and sensitive issue for both suppliers and demanders, which needs to be discussed repeatedly, and even directly affects whether the two sides establish a supply-demand relationship and sign an elevator sales contract. The total price of the whole elevator project should include: all equipment prices, transportation fees, customs duties, insurance fees, installation fees, commissioning fees, and pre-sales and after-sales warranties promised by the manufacturer to the owner. However, what needs to be explained here is that when the construction department of the manufacturer delivers the elevator that has been installed and accepted to the property owner, some later expenses need to be borne by the owner, such as elevator registration fee, installation acceptance inspection fee, fire control (equipment) inspection fee, elevator annual inspection fee, etc.

The supply and demand sides should try their best to implement the above-mentioned related expenses in the contract to be signed by both parties, and it is the best way to avoid disputes by clarifying the responsibilities of both parties in writing.

V. Information to be provided by the supply and demand sides

When both parties sign a supply and demand contract, the owner shall provide the manufacturer with civil and electrical drawings and electronic drawings. Similarly, the manufacturer shall provide the buyer with the civil and electrical requirements of the selected elevator. The manufacturer has the responsibility and obligation to review and inspect the drawings provided by the owner to determine whether the design drawings can meet the elevator installation requirements. If not, the owner shall be reminded in writing to modify the parts that do not meet the elevator installation requirements.

Supply and payment methods of intransitive verbs

According to the construction progress, the owner can ask the elevator manufacturer to specify the delivery date. At present, the delivery time of the general manufacturer needs two and a half months to four months. It is best for the elevator equipment of the general building to enter the site before the building is capped and the outdoor tower crane is about to be dismantled. If the goods arrive before this, there will inevitably be storage problems, and then there will be secondary lifting and handling costs.

At present, there are two payment methods commonly used in the elevator market:

1 type is the equipment deposit paid by the buyer to the supplier within the specified time after signing the contract, and the manufacturer arranges production according to the elevator specifications and parameters in the contract. After all elevator equipment is produced and boxed, the owner will pay 60%~65% of the total payment after inspection according to the manufacturer's payment notice, and the manufacturer will deliver the goods to the designated place. After the installation is completed and submitted for acceptance, the final payment of 5% of the total payment shall be paid (this payment can also be paid after the total warranty period 1 year). The sales contract has been completed.

The second is that the buyer pays 20% of the total price of the supplier's equipment as a down payment, and then the supplier transports the elevator equipment to the buyer in batches, usually in three batches, and each batch is paid according to 30%, 50% and 20% of the payment after the goods arrive.

Of course, these terms of supply or payment are the conditions for the performance of the contract agreed by both parties, and corresponding punishment clauses are set for the need of non-performance. But to tell the truth, there are contradictions in the elevator sales contract today, mainly in terms of payment, and in the event of economic disputes, most manufacturers suffer.

Seven, emphasize the "one-stop" service.

After all, elevator is a special commodity, and its particularity lies in that the qualification of the whole elevator is not in the factory, but after the installation of elevator equipment is completed, it is obtained at the actual site of the owner through the comprehensive acceptance of the government professional department. Therefore, to control the quality of an elevator, that is, to finally reflect the actual operating conditions, operating comfort, failure rate and other operating indicators, we must grasp three main links (also known as three stages). First, the quality of elevator equipment products requires elevator manufacturers to ensure the production quality of their products; Secondly, we should pay attention to the level of installation and debugging technology, which requires the continuity of after-sales service and the importance attached by manufacturers to after-sales service of products; Secondly, the rationality and timeliness of maintenance management need professional knowledge and responsibility, and of course, it also needs technical support from manufacturers, such as professional training. Therefore, as early as the early 1990s, the Ministry of Construction issued a red-headed document, clearly stipulating that elevator products should adopt the "one-stop" service mode of manufacturers, that is, elevator manufacturers are responsible for the warranty, installation, debugging and maintenance of their own elevator equipment. According to this document, no matter which manufacturer orders elevator products, once both parties sign the supply and demand contract, the manufacturer must be responsible for after-sales service, which not only protects the interests of the owners, but also avoids many disputes. Only by grasping these three aspects, it is undoubtedly a good elevator to show in front of you.