Interpretation of comprehensive anti-leakage measures in construction projects with examples?

1. Construction treatment of post-cast strip in basement

The post-pouring belt of basement is treated with advanced water-stop post-pouring belt, which can be used for basement floor and external wall; Compared with the conventional post-pouring belt method, the effect is remarkable.

Practice of advanced water stop in external wall post-pouring zone

Model node of advanced water stop post-pouring belt

2. The basement exterior wall structure 300mm high guide wall construction treatment

Control points of 300mm high structural guide wall in basement;

(1) Concrete shall be vibrated and compacted.

The bottom of 300mm formwork, that is, the surface of raft foundation, will be chiseled, and the concrete will be compacted by strengthening vibration during pouring.

(2) Wall construction joint water stop steel plate welding is reliable.

When welding the water stop steel plate, it should be overlapped by 50mm and fully welded.

The edge of the water stop steel plate faces the water stop surface; When pouring wall concrete, the water-stop steel plate is half buried in the lower wall concrete and half buried in the upper wall concrete.

Within the height range of 300mm, concrete pouring and vibrating shall be uniform and dense.

Water stop steel plate adopts 50mm lap welding, which needs full welding, but it cannot be penetrated or penetrated; When the water-stop steel plate passes through the wall column, the stirrup of the wall column is welded with the water-stop steel plate.

3. Construction treatment of waterproof construction joints and convergent parts of basement exterior wall

The waterproof joint between the basement raft and the external wall is hard protected by pressing bricks at the brick film.

Construction practice of upper wall of external wall

The head-closing groove shall not be less than 50*50mm, and the two coils shall be staggered and closed back and forth, so as to ensure that after the first coil is closed and damaged, the second coil still plays a waterproof role.

The length of each side of the additional layer is not less than 600 mm.

4. The basement exterior wall bolt construction site treatment

Compared with conventional bolts, detachable water stop bolts can achieve the functions of water stop and template fixing.

Second, the building external wall leakage prevention branch

1. Anti-leakage construction treatment of bolt parts of external wall of building structure

Routine eye construction treatment of through-wall bolts for exterior walls of ground buildings: remove bolts-remove plastic pipes in cavities-use foam glue in the middle, fill both ends with slightly expanded waterproof cement mortar-and smooth the outer surface with silicone sealants.

Chisel the middle PVC pipe with a chisel → clean the bolt hole → fill the middle with styrofoam → block both ends with slightly expanded waterproof mortar, and smooth the external wall of the building with weatherproof sealant.

2. Anti-leakage construction treatment of masonry wall of external wall of building structure

The cantilever I-beam hole and scaffold hole in the external wall of masonry building are not tightly sealed, which is easy to cause external wall leakage.

When building external wall masonry, all kinds of holes should be tightly and reliably filled, and mortar joints should be dense. Plane mortar paving grid should reach more than 90%, horizontal and vertical mortar joint width is 8- 12mm.

3. Anti-leakage construction treatment of building thermal insulation external wall

External thermal insulation is used for all exterior walls of commercial residential buildings in northern China, and its external thermal insulation system is directly related to leakage prevention.

(1) Laying method of parapet thermal insulation coping

The vertical plate needs to be pressed by the flat plate for the thermal insulation capping of the parapet of the external wall of the building, and there are gaps on the plane to prevent rainwater from entering the interior of the external thermal insulation wall.

(2) Sticking method of thermal insulation materials

The insulation board shall be pasted by the point-and-frame method to prevent the external wall insulation system from escaping into the interior of the insulation system without organization after getting wet. So that there is no rain flowing in the whole insulation board.

(3) Construction treatment of two cloths and three coatings

Two pieces of three-coated glass fiber mesh overlap at least 100mm, and the corner of the external wall, the four sides of the window and the four corners of the window should be strengthened to avoid cracking and rainwater leakage.

(4) lap joint treatment of insulation board

It is not allowed to paste insulation boards with a width less than 200mm on the wall; Board-to-board paste staggered paste lap not less than 200mm；; At the corner of Yin-Yang angle, insulation boards should be staggered and overlapped.

(5) Construction treatment of the opening under the olecranon of the external wall window

The upper opening of the outer window is made into an eagle mouth shape, and the lower opening is made into a groove shape.

Schematic diagram of olecranon downhill exit on the window

4. Practice of anti-leakage construction of building external wall windows

When installing the traditional exterior wall window, the window frame is installed first, and then the window is made after the window frame is fixed with the wall. The disadvantage of its construction is that it is difficult to fill the gap between window frames, which leaves a great hidden danger for the leakage of external walls.

The third phase project of China Railway Construction International Garden adopts the installation method of windows and clean openings.

Process flow: check the appearance quality and fixing quality, check the batch number → subsidize the protective film → assemble the splicing materials, assemble the frame → attach the fixing parts → stretch the holes → position the window frames → fix the window frames → fill the gaps in the frames → clean them once → inject glue into the gaps in the frames → clean them twice.

Model drawing of the third phase building of China Railway Construction International Garden by window cleaning installation method

Main points of window cleaning installation method:

(1) plaster mouth, determine the window size.

(2) Before the construction of styrofoam, no protective film was wound between the window frame and the hole. Styrofoam beyond the door and window frame should be pressed into the gap by hand or special tools before solidification (for plastic windows with a length of more than 2m, an anticorrosive wooden pad should be placed at the bottom of the frame in the atrium, and the pad should not be exposed). After curing, it is forbidden to cut with a blade to ensure the overall foaming effect.

(3) silicone sealants construction, to be straight, no breakpoint.

5. Anti-leakage treatment of building external wall air conditioning board

The hidden dangers of building air conditioning panel leakage prevention are as follows:

(1) Exterior facade air-conditioned tunnel

Schematic diagram of construction of external wall air conditioning tunnel

(2) Waterproofing of air conditioning panel and root treatment of condenser tube

400g/㎡ polyethylene polypropylene (PP) is used to paste the joint of air conditioning panel structure and external wall; The insulation board on the upper surface of the air conditioning board has a slope of 2% outward; The joint between the railing and the air conditioning board is sealed with building sealant; The lower surface of the air conditioning panel should be made into an eagle mouth.

The schematic diagram of the method of pipeline passing through the air conditioning board shows that the pipeline is waterproof and even rolled up; Ensure its immersion height, and the upper part is sealed with a finished rain cover.

6. Anti-leakage treatment of fixed fixture of organized external drainage pipe and fixed point of steel ladder on external wall of building.

(1) Drainage mode of roof engineering:

According to the design requirements of relevant codes, rainwater on the roof should be drained, and outdoor drainage pipes should be set along the external walls of multi-storey buildings; For high-rise buildings with eighteen floors or below, or buildings with a building height of less than 50m, pipelines can be arranged outdoors and laid along the external wall; The pipes of high-rise buildings with more than eighteen floors should be arranged indoors.

Example diagram of external wall drainage pipe

Installation of fixture for external wall drainage pipe: rainwater drainage pipe is constructed from top to bottom.

The fixing device is fixed on the wall through the expanded self-tapping nail; The spacing of clamps is 1200mm, and a clamp is arranged at the upper and lower parts of the connecting pipe by 50mm. After the rainwater pipe is installed, the fixing nail and the outer wall surface are exposed, and silicone sealants seal is adopted as leakage prevention treatment.

(2) Anti-leakage structure of fixed wrought iron components:

After the wrought iron component is fixed, the construction of the external wall thermal insulation decorative layer is completed; After that, the sealing material is used for leakage prevention at the handover position.

Three, building roof leakage prevention division

1. Construction treatment of building roof waterproofing membrane

Polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane is the most common waterproof material in building construction. The lap length of the long side and short side of polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane with full adhesion method is 80 mm

During the construction of polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane for roof, the additional layer needs to be pasted150 mm; On the elevation and plane respectively; At the joint of the roof and parapet, mortar should be made into an arc with a radius of 50 mm. ..

2. Watering the parapet of building roof to prevent leakage.

According to the technical specification for roof construction, the parapet flooding should not be less than 250mm, that is, from the upper surface of the roof protective layer. As shown in the figure, after the flooding height meets the requirements, nail it with finished metal battens with a spacing of 500mm.

3. Anti-leakage construction treatment of pipeline root on building roof

(1) The height of waterproof flanging at the pipe root is not less than 250mm from the decorative surface.

(2) Within 500mm of the pipe root diameter, the leveling layer shall wipe out the frustum of a cone with a height of not less than 30mm.

(3) Additional layers shall be set at the root of the pipeline.

(4) The waterproof coiled material shall be fixed with metal hoop and sealed with sealing material.

4. Treatment of leakage prevention construction practices of rain outlets inside and outside the building roof

A. Rainwater outlet on the roof

Construction drawing of additional layer of internal rain outlet

Integral construction drawing of internal rainwater outlet coil

(1) Search for a slope of not less than 5% within 500mm diameter around the rain mouth.

(2) waterproof additional layer should be pasted in the rain mouth, and not less than 50 mm ..

B. Rainwater outlet outside the roof

(1) Search for a slope of not less than 5% within 500mm diameter around the rain mouth.

(2) waterproof additional layer should be pasted in the rain mouth, and not less than 50 mm ..

5. Construction practice of leakage prevention for smoke outlet on the roof of building.

The design is a self-supporting hood. During the construction, the design was deepened and a cover plate was added to prevent rain from falling from the self-supporting hood.

6. Anti-leakage construction treatment of building floor

Seepage prevention of commercial housing terrace;

(1) See the roof parapet flooding for the flooding height of the floor.

(2) The floor drain and the root of the floor pipe refer to the roofing engineering practice.

Four, building indoor leakage prevention branch

1. Waterproof concrete guide wall for building indoor toilets

After the ground construction is completed, clean the basement and pour the 200mm high concrete guide wall.

2. Waterproof range of polypropylene fiber for indoor toilets in buildings

The range of polypropylene in indoor toilets is usually specified as follows:

(1) The water supply point in the rain is about 1m from the center of polypropylene waterproof self-sufficient water, and the height is 1.8m from the decorative surface, that is, from the structural surface1.9m..

(2) In addition to this range, the waterproof height of other dado is 350mm away from the decorative surface, that is, 450mm away from the structural surface.

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