Ask for some brief introduction about the real estate industry! ! !

▲ The meaning of real estate

Real estate specifically refers to land, buildings and their attachments on the ground, including material entities and rights and interests relying on material entities. Also known as real estate, it is the floorboard of real estate and real estate, which are inseparable whole and inseparable. Including:

A) land

B) buildings and ancillary facilities on the ground

C) real estate property rights

Note: In addition to the ownership, the real right of immovable property also includes the lease right, mortgage right, land use right and pawning right derived from the ownership.

▲ The difference between real estate and architecture.

The real estate industry refers to a high value-added comprehensive industry engaged in various economic activities such as real estate development, operation, management and maintenance, decoration and service. The construction industry is engaged in the production process of survey, design, construction, installation and maintenance, and its production results are buildings or structures. The real estate industry is the employer and the construction industry is the contractor. The real estate industry belongs to the tertiary industry that provides various services for production and consumption, and the construction industry belongs to the department that reprocesses primary products and belongs to the secondary industry.

▲ The connection and difference between real estate and real estate.

Real estate refers to all kinds of houses with clear ownership relationship and the structures or buildings connected with them; Real estate refers to the land with clear land ownership, including both residential land and non-residential ancillary land (as well as various lots), as well as developed and to be developed land. Real estate in China refers to limited land use rights. There is an objective and inevitable connection between real estate and real estate, which mainly includes several aspects:

A) In terms of material form, real estate and real estate are inseparable;

B) From the perspective of price composition, the real estate price includes the real estate price, whether it is the buying and selling price or the leasing price;

C) From the perspective of ownership relationship, real estate ownership and real estate ownership are linked.

The differences include several aspects:

A) They have different properties;

B) the law of value-added is different;

C) the nature of ownership is different;

D) the price composition is different.

Second, the characteristics of real estate

▲ Natural characteristics of real estate

A) position fixing;

B) Durability of use;

Limited resources;

D) property differences.

▲ Economic characteristics of real estate

A) long production cycle

Capital intensity

C) mutual influence

D) vulnerable to policy restrictions

E) real estate appreciation.

Note: Real estate appreciation is the law that the real estate value keeps rising in a long time series. Mainly due to the important part of real estate-land.

Third, the type of real estate.

According to the purpose:

A) residential real estate

B) commercial real estate

C) tourism real estate

D) industrial real estate

E) agricultural real estate

Provisions on floor division of real estate houses:

A) The low-rise residence is 1-3 floors.

B) Multi-storey houses are 4-6 floors.

C) The small high-rise residential building is 7- 1 1 floor.

D) The middle and high-rise residence is 12- 16 floors.

E)/kloc-floors above 0/6 are high-rise residential buildings.

How is the service life of real estate land determined?

Where the land use agreement is signed with the Provincial Planning and Land Resources Bureau, the land use period shall be implemented according to the provisions of the state. Namely: residential land for 70 years; Fifty years of industrial land; Fifty years of land for education, science and technology, culture, health and sports; Forty years of commercial, tourism and entertainment land; Comprehensive land or other land for fifty years.

Four, the building structure classification standard

1 The main load-bearing structures of steel structures are made of steel, including suspended cable structures.

2. The main load-bearing structures of steel and reinforced concrete structures are constructed by pouring concrete, steel and steel bars. For example, some beams and columns of buildings are built with reinforced concrete frames.

3. The main load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete structure is made of reinforced concrete. Including thin shell structure, large formwork cast-in-place structure and reinforced concrete structure buildings constructed by advanced construction methods such as slip form and slab opening.

The main load-bearing structure of the hybrid structure adopts reinforced concrete and brick-wood structure. For example, beams of buildings are reinforced concrete, brick walls are load-bearing walls, or beams are made of wood, and houses are reinforced concrete.

The main load-bearing structures of brick-wood structure are brick and wood. For example, a house is a wooden frame. Made of brick walls and wooden columns

Other structures, rooms that do not belong to the above structures all belong to this category. Such as bamboo structure, brick arch structure, cave dwelling, etc.

7 Remarks:

"Brick" in brick-concrete structure refers to a building material with uniform size, and there are also special-shaped clay bricks with other sizes, such as hollow bricks. "Mixing" refers to reinforced concrete ingredients made of steel bars, cement, sand and gravel and water in a certain proportion, including floors, lintels, stairs, balconies and cornices. These fittings are combined with the brick bearing wall, which can be called brick-concrete structure. Due to seismic requirements, brick-concrete structures are generally below 5 and 6 floors. Source: www.examda.com.

The construction of frame structure is to make columns first, and then pour beams and slabs. The whole force transfer is completed by beams, wrenches and columns from top to bottom, and then the infilled wall is used as a maintenance to transfer the load of the wall to beams, beams and columns and to the foundation.

Brick-concrete structure construction, after laying a good foundation, began to build walls, leaving some reserved columns in the process, which we call constructional columns, building a layer of walls and laying a layer of boards. Of course, ring beams, structural columns and ring beams are all a kind of stable reinforcement for the whole structure, which is different from beams and columns in frame structures.

V. Real estate terminology

1, a common noun (the shaded part should be emphasized)

◆ Developer: an enterprise specializing in real estate development and operation.

◆ Five certificates: a. Construction land planning permit; B construction project planning permit; C. building construction permits; D. state-owned land use certificate; E. Pre-sale permit for commercial housing;

◆ Two books: A "Residential Quality Guarantee" and B "Residential Instruction Manual";

◆ Real estate license: it is the certificate of the two-in-one ownership of the house and the land, and it is the legal certificate of the property ownership;

◆ Real estate market: mainly including real estate transaction and leasing market. Including primary market, secondary market and tertiary market;

Primary market: refers to the market where the state land management department transfers the land use right to real estate developers or other land users within a certain period of time, for a specific purpose and at a certain price by means of agreement, bidding, auction and hanging, etc. in the form of land use contracts;

◆ Secondary market: refers to the market where real estate developers transfer completed houses and corresponding land use rights to units or individuals according to the requirements of land use contracts;

◆ Tertiary market: refers to the market where real estate property rights are transferred, mortgaged and leased between units and individuals, and it is the market where real estate transactions are transferred for the second time or more on the basis of the secondary market;

◆ Real estate property right: refers to the property owner's ownership of the house and the right to use the land occupied by the house. The specific content is that property owners have the right to possess, use, benefit and dispose of real estate according to law;

◆ Land use right: refers to the owner's right to use the land, including development right, income right and disposal right. The government will transfer the right to use state-owned land to land users within a certain period of time through auction, bidding and agreement. After the expiration of the land use right, if the land use meets the requirements of urban planning at that time, the land user may apply for continued use, and may continue to use it after approval and land price compensation;

◆ Three links and one leveling: refers to water supply, electricity supply, access and site leveling;

◆ Seven connections and one leveling: water connection, electricity connection, road connection, drainage connection, sewage connection, communication connection, air connection and site leveling;

Red line map: also known as (land map), it is a topographic map that shows the position, boundary and area of a piece of land according to a certain proportion. Issued by the government land management department to the transferee of land use rights, and the transferee can only build houses within the red line;

◆ Total land area: the land area within the land area designated by the competent department of urban planning administration;

◆ Construction land area (net land area): the land area within the scope of construction land designated by the competent department of city planning administration;

◆ Total construction area: refers to the sum of the above-ground and above-ground parts of single or multiple buildings within the scope of construction land;

◆ Floor area ratio: refers to the ratio of the total construction area to the construction land area. (For example, on the land of 6,543,800 square meters, there is a total construction area of 200,000 square meters, and its plot ratio is 2.0).

◆ Building area: refers to the total horizontal projection area of the external wall of a building or the periphery of a structure, including balconies, corridors, basements and outdoor stairs. A permanent building with a top cover, firm structure and a height of more than 2.2m (including 2.2m).

◆ Building coverage (building density): the ratio of the sum of the basement areas of all buildings in the construction land area to the construction land area; (For example, on the land of 6,543,800 square meters, the net area of building land is 80,000 square meters, and its building coverage rate is 0.8).

◆ Greening rate: the ratio of the sum of all green areas in the construction land area to the construction land area. The calculation of green area does not include roof, rooftop and vertical greening; (For example, 654.38+ 10,000 square meters of land has 30,000 square meters of green area, and its green rate is 30%)

◆ Greening coverage rate: the ratio of the sum of the horizontal projection areas of all greening and plants within the construction land area to the construction land area;

◆ Housing sales area: when the house is sold as a suite (unit), the housing sales area is the building area of the suite (unit), that is, the sum of the usable area of the suite (unit) and the shared public building area of the suite (unit);

◆ Interior construction area: the construction area within the entrance door, including the usable area, wall area and balcony area in the suite (unit);

◆ usable area inside the sleeve: refers to the actual usable area inside the sleeve, excluding the structural areas such as walls and columns, and the calculation of usable area shall comply with the regulations:

A, the indoor usable area is calculated according to the inner surface size of the structural wall, and if the wall has a composite insulation layer, it is calculated according to the endothelial size of the composite layer;

B, chimneys, ventilation pipes, all kinds of pipe wells, etc. Not included in the use area;

C. Non-public stairs (including duplex apartment stairs) are included in the use area according to the sum of the use area of natural floors;

D the usable area of the house includes: bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom, dining room, lobby, aisle, front hall, storage room, etc.

Interior construction area coefficient = interior construction area/interior construction area+public construction area apportioned according to regulations.

◆ Public * * * construction area: the construction area occupied or used by all property owners * * * refers to the inseparable construction area used by all households except each unit. Can be divided into public * * * construction area that should be shared and public * * * construction area that cannot be shared; ◆ Apportioned area: The shared public building area of commercial housing mainly consists of two parts:

The construction area of public buildings and management buildings serving the whole building, such as elevator shafts, stairwells, garbage lanes, power distribution rooms, equipment rooms, public halls and walkways;

50% of the horizontal projection area of the partition wall between each unit and the building space and external wall (including gables).

◆ Housing acquisition rate: refers to the ratio of the construction area of the suite to the construction area of the suite (unit).

Interior construction area = interior usable area+interior wall area+balcony construction area.

Suite (unit) construction area = interior construction area+pool construction area.

◆ Floor height: The floor height refers to the residential height measured by "floor". The country requires the height of each floor in design, and this height is called the height of the floor. It usually includes the distance from the lower floor or floor to the upper floor.

◆ Clear height: Clear height refers to the height minus the net residual value of floor thickness;

◆ House width: In house design, the width of the house refers to the actual distance between one wall skin and the other wall skin in the house.

◆ Building depth: Architecturally, it refers to the actual length between the front wall skin and the back wall skin of an independent house or residential building.

◆ Faster house: refers to the period from the time when the developer obtains the pre-sale permit of commercial housing to the time when he obtains the real estate title certificate. Commercial housing in this period is called faster, and consumers should sign pre-sale contracts when buying commercial housing at this stage. The auction house in Hong Kong and Macao is called "uncompleted residential flats", which is a common way for real estate developers to sell houses. Buying an auction house means that the buyer is buying a real estate project that is still under construction.

◆ Existing house: refers to the commercial house for which the developer has completed the property right certificate (property right certificate), and consumers should sign a sales contract when purchasing the commercial house at this stage. The existing house in the usual sense refers to the house where the project has been completed and can be moved in.

◆ Blank house: refers to a house without decoration.

◆ Occupation: refers to the owner getting the key and taking over the house.

Deed tax: a tax levied on property rights according to the contract concluded by both parties when the ownership of land and real estate is transferred.

The scope and object of the taxpayer's deed tax are the land and houses whose property rights have changed. Units and individuals that transfer the ownership of land and houses in China are deed tax payers.

(1) Transfer of state-owned land use rights;

(two) the transfer of land use rights, including sale, gift and exchange;

(3) buying and selling houses;

(4) house donation.

◆ Public maintenance fund: Public maintenance fund refers to the maintenance fund for public parts, facilities and equipment of buildings.

◆ Residential land: the floorboard of four types of land: residential land, public construction land, road land and public green land.

◆ Residential land: the land occupied within a reasonable distance from the basement and its surroundings, including the green space between houses and the path between houses.

◆ Land for public service facilities: generally speaking, it refers to public construction land, which refers to all kinds of facilities land allocated for construction, serving and using residents, corresponding to the size of the permanent population, including buildings and their affiliated courtyards, green spaces, parking lots and other construction areas.

◆ Land for roads: residential roads, residential roads, group roads, residential cars and office commuter cars built in non-public buildings.

◆ Residential roads: roads generally used to divide communities. In a big city, it is usually on the same level as the urban branch road.

◆ Community-level roads: roads generally used to divide groups.

◆ Group-level road: the path between roads and houses connecting residential areas.

◆ Road between houses: the road connecting the entrances of houses between buildings.

◆ Public * * * green space: a recreational green space that meets the specified sunshine requirements and is suitable for arranging recreational facilities for residents to enjoy. It should include residential parks, small parks, group green spaces and other massive green spaces.

◆ Supporting facilities: the general name of supporting public service facilities, roads and public green spaces corresponding to the scale of housing or population.

◆ Other land: all kinds of land except residential land within the planning scope should include land for roads, land for other units, reserved natural villages or land that cannot be directly used by local residents for construction.

◆ Public activity center: residential center, community center and group center with relatively concentrated supporting public buildings.

◆ Building line: generally called building control line, it is the control line of building basement position.

◆ Sunshine spacing coefficient: the ratio of the distance between houses determined according to the sunshine standard to the elevation of sheltered houses.

Architectural sketch: the general term for small buildings, entertainment and decoration facilities, and indicative signs. It not only has functional requirements, but also has the functions of ornament, decoration and beautification, and is subordinate to a certain architectural space environment.

◆ Average number of floors of the house: the proportion of the total building area of the house to the total building area.

◆ Demolition-construction ratio: the ratio of the total area of newly built buildings to the total area of demolished original buildings.

◆ Land development fee: the estimated investment required for land development in each hectare of residential area, including land acquisition, demolition, various compensations, land leveling, laying of external municipal pipeline facilities, road engineering, etc.

◆ Unilateral comprehensive cost of housing: The comprehensive investment required for project construction per square meter of construction area should include the cost of land development, construction investment in residential areas, roads, municipal pipelines, greening and other projects, and necessary management expenses.

Average price: the average price per square meter is obtained by dividing the sum of the sales prices of each unit by the sum of the construction area of each unit.

Base price: the basic price per square meter of commercial housing determined through accounting. The sales price of commercial housing is generally increased or decreased on the basis of the base price, and the price difference is obtained.

Starting price: The lowest price among the sales prices of each floor of a building is the starting price. For multi-storey properties, the starting price is the sales price of the top floor; For high-rise properties, the starting price is the sales price of the lowest floor. A lower starting price is easy to attract consumers' attention.

◆ One-time buyout price: one-time pricing agreed by the buyer and the seller. One-time buyout price is a special price clause in real estate sales contracts. Once confirmed, the buyer or seller must fulfill the obligation of payment or delivery according to it, and shall not change it at will.

◆ Pre-sale price: The pre-sale price is also a special clause in the pre-sale (sales) contract of commercial housing: the pre-sale price is not the official price, and the price approved by the department with approval authority shall prevail when the commercial housing is delivered for use.

◆ Second-hand house: old house. The first transaction of newly-built commercial housing is "once" and the second transaction is "twice". Some people don't have a house, so they can buy one more for others; Others who have some savings and live in small houses can sell their old houses and buy new ones; And those families with surplus housing can also sell surplus housing in exchange for income.

◆ Export house: the export commercial house is a house built by a real estate development enterprise and obtained the pre-sale (sales) license for export commercial house. Export commercial housing can be sold to domestic and foreign enterprises (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) and other organizations and individuals.

◆ Domestic housing: Domestic commercial housing refers to houses built by real estate development enterprises and obtained commercial housing sales licenses. Domestic commercial housing can be sold to local enterprises, institutions and residents.

◆ Tail room: also known as tail room. It is the product of the real estate industry entering the retail era, and it is one of the vacant houses. Under normal circumstances, when the sales volume of commercial housing reaches 80%, it generally enters the liquidation sales stage of real estate projects. The properties sold at this time are generally called weifang. After normal sales, developers left a small number of uncompetitive houses, either with poor orientation and insufficient lighting, or with poor floors, located on two floors, most of which have no small gardens and are seriously sheltered.

◆ Deposit: refers to a certain amount of money agreed by the parties to be paid by one party to the other party as a guarantee of creditor's rights. It belongs to a kind of legal guarantee, which aims at urging debtors to perform their debts and ensuring the realization of creditor's rights. According to the provisions of General Principles of Development Law and Article 89 of Guarantee Law, the deposit should be agreed in writing, and the parties should stipulate the time limit for delivery of the deposit in the deposit contract. The deposit contract shall take effect from the date when the deposit is actually paid, and the amount of the deposit shall be agreed by the parties, but it shall not exceed 20% of the contract target amount. If the buyer changes his mind and decides not to buy after paying the deposit, the developer has the right not to refund the deposit on the grounds that the buyer has breached the contract; If the developer sells the house to others, he should double the deposit to the buyers.

◆ Liquidated damages: Liquidated damages refer to a certain amount of money that the breaching party should pay to the other party according to the law and the contract. Liquidated damages are a kind of economic sanctions against the defaulting party, which are punitive and compensatory, but mainly reflect punitive. As long as the parties have breached the contract and are subjectively at fault, they should pay liquidated damages regardless of whether they have caused losses to the other party.

◆ Parcel: Parcel is the basic unit of land, which refers to a closed plot composed of ownership boundaries.

Undeveloped agricultural land or wasteland that cannot be directly used as construction land.

◆ Mao Di: land that has achieved three links and one leveling, has not gone through land development processes such as demolition, resettlement and compensation, and does not have the basic construction conditions within the old city.

Cultivated land: land with seven connections and one leveling, which has been developed and has basic construction conditions.

◆ Partition: refers to the semi-suspended ceiling facade specially used to separate indoor space.

◆ Corridor: refers to the horizontal traffic space used in the house.

◆ Case name: the promotion name of the property (which may be different from the registered name).

◆ Logo: the symbol of a building, which shows the characteristics and connotation of the building with words and pictures, including the name of the building.

◆ Installation board: indoor image display board, which shows the strength background, renderings and regional planning of developers. It is a guide for sales people to speak on the spot, and is usually used in sales offices and exhibitions.

◆ Plane sales: sales plane, which is used for sales staff to introduce the room type to customers in detail on the spot, so that customers can have a specific understanding of the purchased house pattern, with the room type map as the main content, usually referring to a single room type.

◆ Selling the sea: Sales posters, including the main selling points of products, are all large in size.

◆ DM: Direct Mail, a booklet that can be used for mailing, usually in the form of a single sheet or a folded sheet. It is a highly targeted niche media prop, which can be sent to the heads of various target enterprises that meet the business needs and can be used for distribution at foreign trade exhibitions.

◆ Loushu: Detailed property description, divided into sales Loushu and commemorative Loushu. The cost is high, generally only for customers who have already made a deal or important customers.

◆ Outdoor stronghold: The case information is displayed in major public places and major traffic routes in the form of outdoor anti-aircraft guns, light boxes and billboards. , play a guiding role for customers, and cooperate with other media to repeatedly deepen customers' impression of products. The characteristic is that case information can be transmitted for a long time.

◆ Floor: cloth hanging on the facade of the building, usually painted and beef tendon cloth.

◆ Banner: A long strip of cloth hanging on the street, which plays the role of advertising in the set area by guiding the moving line, and can also guide buyers to quickly find the location of the sales office.

Guide flag: Also known as Roman flag, it is a kind of guide flag, usually very long, and one version is hung on telephone poles, especially flagpoles.

Outdoor billboard: a large advertising billboard used for image expression outside the base.

Anti-aircraft gun: single-column advertising tower, usually used on both sides of urban main roads, is another type of outdoor billboards.

◆ pop: Buy some advertisements, the publicity plane for outdoor publicity.

◆ Sending newspaper clippings: It belongs to a sales method, and there are two kinds of newspaper clippings and newspaper clippings. Dispatch refers to the distribution of information through personnel; Newspaper clippings refer to putting folders in other newspapers and magazines and publishing information through the publication of the newspapers and magazines.

◆ SP: Sales promotion, creating momentum for promotional activities, creating topics, attracting public attention, creating a hot-selling atmosphere, facilitating case speculation and promoting sales.

2. Type of house

◆ Anjufang refers to the housing (which belongs to the category of affordable housing) built by the state's "housing (or housing) project". It is a non-profit housing that is arranged by the party and the state with loans and local self-raised funds for the majority of low-and middle-income families, especially for poor households with a per capita living area of less than 4 square meters. The sales price is lower than the cost and the government subsidizes it.

◆ Affordable housing refers to housing that is approved by people's governments at all levels, enjoys national preferential policies, and is sold to low-income families in cities and towns.

◆ Right-to-use houses refer to houses invested and built by the state, state-owned enterprises and institutions, and public houses rented by the government to residents according to the prescribed rent standards.

◆ Property right house means that the property owner owns the house (refers to the building) and has the right to use the land occupied by the house, and the property owner enjoys the possession of these two rights. Right of use, right of income and right of disposal. This right is absolute and exclusive, and is not subject to interference and influence from anyone else. Property owners can dispose of their real estate rights according to law by means of transfer, lease, mortgage and pawn.

Commercial housing refers to houses developed and operated by qualified real estate development companies (including foreign-invested enterprises). Due to the long-term implementation of the supply system in China's housing system, commercial housing only appeared after the 1980s, and its price is composed of cost, tax, profit, collection fee, location, level, orientation, quality and material price difference.

Raising funds to build a house is a kind of housing that changes the system that housing construction is contracted by the state and units and shared by the government, units and individuals. By raising funds, housing construction. Individual employees can contribute in full or in part according to the house price, and the government and relevant departments will give certain preferential treatment in terms of land use, credit, building materials supply, taxes and fees. The ownership of fund-raising houses shall be determined according to the proportion of capital contribution. Individuals who fully contribute according to the house price have all the property rights; If an individual contributes, he will own part of the property rights.

There are two kinds of property rights in raising funds to build houses; One is that the selling price of houses is higher than the cost price of housing reform in that year. Its property right is defined as the property right of affordable housing. The other is lower than the cost price of housing reform in that year, and its property right is the cost price of housing reform.

◆ Public housing, also known as public housing, public property housing and state-owned housing, refers to housing built and sold by the state (central government or local government) and state-owned enterprises and institutions. Public houses are mainly built by local governments and are responsible for leasing and selling to residents of this city: houses built by enterprises and institutions are leased and sold to employees of their own enterprises and institutions.

◆ Housing reform has a certain welfare nature, and all property units sell houses to employees according to the housing reform price announced by the government every year. The sources of such houses are generally commercial houses purchased by units, self-built houses and fund-raising houses.

The property right of housing reform is divided into three levels: cost property right, standard property right and standard preferential property right.

Vacant commercial housing real estate development enterprises invest in the construction of commercial housing that has obtained real estate ownership certificate (large property certificate) for more than one year.

Calculation of real estate area with intransitive verb

1. What is the calculated total construction area?

1) single-story permanent structure house, with the construction area calculated as one floor; Multi-storey residential buildings are calculated according to the total construction area of each floor.

2) The floor area of mezzanine, interlayer, technical floor, stairs, elevator and other parts with a height of more than 2.20m shall be calculated. ..

3) The area of the passageway, entrance hall and entrance hall passing through the house shall be calculated as one floor. The hall corridor, which is more than 2.20 meters high, is calculated according to its horizontal projection area.

4) The area of stairwell, elevator (well observation ladder) well, garbage chute and pipeline well is calculated according to the natural floor of the house.

5) The roof of the house is a permanent building, and the staircase, cold room, elevator room and sloping roof with a height of more than 2.20m are designed for the part with a height of more than 2.20m, calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the periphery.

6) A totally enclosed balcony with cantilevered buildings shall be calculated according to its peripheral horizontal projection area.

7) For outdoor stairs with permanent structure and cover plate, the construction area shall be calculated according to the horizontal projection area of each floor, and for outdoor stairs without cover plate, the construction area shall be calculated according to half of the horizontal projection area of each floor.

8) The colonnade connected with the house, the covered colonnade, and the column between two houses are calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the column periphery.

9) The permanently closed overhead corridor between buildings shall be calculated according to its peripheral horizontal projection area.

10) Basements, semi-basements and their corresponding entrances and exits with a height of more than 2.20m shall be calculated according to their peripheral horizontal projection area (excluding light wells, moistureproof layers and protective walls).

1 1) porches and doors with columns or retaining structures shall be calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the columns or retaining structures.

12) If there is a glass curtain wall, a metal curtain wall, a stone curtain wall or a composite curtain wall as the periphery of the house, when the distance between the curtain wall frame and the main structure has been designed or measured, the construction area shall be calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the curtain wall periphery; If there is no design data when the construction drawing is submitted for construction, the distance between the curtain wall frame and the main structure shall be calculated as 150mm, and the data of 150mm shall still be used when calculating the completed area after completion.

13) carports and sheds with columns in permanent buildings are calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the periphery of columns.

14) A house built on a slope uses hanging feet as an overhead floor. There is a retaining structure, according to the height of more than 2.20 meters of the peripheral horizontal area calculation. ..

15) For telescopic houses, if they are connected indoors, expansion joints should be used to calculate the construction area.

2. What is half of the building area?

1) Half of the horizontal projection area of covered and columnless verandah, eaves gallery and sweeping roof.

2) Single-row independent awning, carport, shed and platform, the area shall be calculated according to half of the horizontal projection area of the top cover.

3) The area of the unsealed balcony is calculated as half of its horizontal projection area.

4) There is a roof outside the building, and the area of corridor and eaves gallery without columns is calculated as half of its projected area.

5) The overhead corridor with roof between buildings shall be calculated as half of its projected area.

3. What are those who don't calculate the building area?

1) Vacant wall components and artistic decorations, such as columns, cribs, columnless awnings, overhanging windowsills, etc.

2) Outdoor ladders for maintenance and fire fighting.

3) Roof water tanks without enclosure structure, roofless platforms (terraces) on buildings, swimming pools, etc.

4) Independent chimneys, oil tanks, oil (water) storage tanks, underground civil air defense trunk roads, branch lines and other buildings.

5) Overbridges and platforms with curtains and scenery hung on the stage and backstage.

6) Operating platform, feeding platform inside and outside the building, and platform for placing boxes and cans in the building space.

4. Which public areas should be shared?

Common public parts include indoor and outdoor stairs, internal and external corridors, public foyer, passageway, elevator, power distribution room, equipment floor, equipment room, structural transfer floor, technical floor, air-conditioned room, fire control room, guard on duty serving the whole floor, garbage room in the building, stairwell with closed roof, elevator room and water tank room.

5. What public areas can't be shared?

The public parts that cannot be shared are motor vehicle garages, non-motor vehicle garages, public open spaces, urban public corridors, arcades along the street, and underground fire shelters. The power distribution room of the whole building; Civil air defense basement and underground garage, underground equipment room, etc.

===========================================================

I hope it helps you.