Ask a meaningful question

A meaningful question usually makes us curious. When we are in this state, we are ready to explore knowledge.

A meaningful question needs to be "valuable" (leading to valuable knowledge for readers) and "counter-common sense" (stimulating curiosity).

(1) Find valuable knowledge

(2) look for facts that go against common sense.

Example: the title party often does this.

Principle > operation > fact

(1) What is the greatest achievement of this book (this article)?

(2) Let me understand something by leaps and bounds.

(3) What practical problems can it help me solve?

# Homework #

(1) What is your study topic?

(2) What valuable knowledge have you learned under this learning theme?

(3) Under this theme, what are the facts against common sense?

(4) What is your "meaningful question"?

# Practice #

"Is your light on? 》

* * * By improving the motivation of solving problems, I began to learn to find real problems. So the theme of this study is to find the essence of the problem.

* * * The reference book is "Is your light on? 》

First, we are used to answering questions and solving problems, but what is a "problem"?

Think back to a few questions I have raised or heard recently:

(1) Why can't I remember the specific contents of the book I read yesterday?

(2) Why do you still feel unprofessional after working in the same field for many years?

(3) How does the external ointment work?

(4) If you meet a better girl, do you want to break up with your current girlfriend?

(5) What is my greatest gain or inspiration from reading this book?

(6) Why do you invest so much in R&D, but you can't produce good products?

(7) Why is it so difficult to make a company development strategy?

(8) Why is every project led by Dong Ge anticlimactic?

(9) How can we grasp the pain points of users?

(10) Why is concentrated training an inefficient learning method?

……

From Baidu Encyclopedia, let's look at the basic explanation of the "problem":

(1) Need an answer or solution (problem; ; Problems; Question)

(2) Contradictions and problems to be solved.

(3) accidents; Trouble (trouble; Difficulty; Unfortunate accident)

(4) key; Point (key)

(5) thoughtless, not easy to be accepted (carelessness)

(6) As far as work is concerned, problems in problem-solving ability refer to various factors that cause the gap between ideal state and realistic state.

(7) Psychologist dunkel's explanation: When an organism has a goal, but doesn't know how to achieve it, problems arise.

Matching the content and definition of the above questions, we will have problems when the following situations occur:

(1) I don't know what the target is ((4)(5))

(2) I don't know what the reality is.

(3) I don't know what caused the gap (1)(2)(3)(6)(7)(8))

(4) I don't know how to bridge it ((7)(9))

(5) I don't know if the method to eliminate the gap is right ((10)).

Second, after understanding what a "problem" is, let's take a look at the stage of encountering problems and the traps we often encounter:

Skip the comprehensive analysis of the problem and propose a solution before finding the real problem. Such solutions often fail to reach the root of the problem, and may also create problems that do not exist originally, be complacent in the illusion of solving problems, and waste too much time in the wrong direction.

So how to make a comprehensive analysis of the problem?

1. First of all, we need to know who has encountered the problem and list all the people related to the problem (in fact, it is easy for us to miss the relevant parties). For example, the people related to the slow elevator in Lei Long Building are employees, owners and elevator maintenance workers (elevator suppliers), who are left out in the cold.

2. Secondly, what is the nature of the problem?

We can classify the common problems in work, life and study as follows:

(1) failed to accurately describe the problem.

(2) The structure of the problem is not clear.

(3) Be blinded by the appearance of the problem

(4) Ignore the assumptions implied in the question.

Then clearly define the content of the question:

(1) Accurately describe problems: describe non-quantified, vague and ambiguous problems into quantifiable, explanatory and clear ones (questioning skills of psychological counseling can train our ability to accurately describe problems).

(2) Define the constituent elements of the problem: 5w2h analysis method.

(3) Explore the nature of the problem:

A. distinguish the symptoms of the problem from the root cause of the problem. You can use the 5why method to ask questions continuously, get to the bottom of it and find the deep reasons. The elevator in Lei Long Building is slow: Why can't the landlord rent out the building? Because employees complain. Why do employees complain? Because I feel the elevator is slow. Why is the elevator slow? (Maybe the elevator is broken, maybe it is concentrated at the peak of the floor) Because the relay in the elevator was bitten by a mouse. )

B. distinguish the initial solution to the problem from the problem itself. Confusing the initial solution of a problem with the problem itself is one of the most common mistakes. Many times, the problems raised by the other party are all solutions after their initial treatment. For example, the owner and postman of Lei Long Building asked: The slow elevator caused the employees in the building to complain constantly. How to reduce their complaints? Here we can also use the method of 5why to dig the root of the problem.

(4) Assumptions implied in the question of clarity:

A. Environmental assumptions implied by the problem of clarity

B. Time assumption implied by the problem of clarity

C. The application premise and boundary of visualization theory/tool (such as playback) can only be used to explain what has happened in the past, but not what will happen in the future. )

Third, after the problem definition is clearly analyzed, the author puts forward two key points for efficient solution:

1. Who should solve this problem?

(1) Distinguish whose problem is mentioned in the previous problem definition, which means who has encountered the problem, and here refers to the person who has the ability to solve the problem. As we often say, "He who tied the bell must untie the bell". If there is a better solver, then leave the problem to others and stay out of it.

(2) When the person who encounters the problem and the person who solves the problem are not the same person, and the person who should solve the problem is not troubled by the problem, you can try to make him feel the same way and stimulate the willingness to solve the problem (demonstrations and overtime work lead to poor performance)

(3) When no one is responsible for the problem, you can temporarily put the responsibility on yourself and inspire new ideas to solve the problem. After all, most problems are not only caused by others, but also by ourselves.

2. Where did the problem come from?

In the practice of listing the problem-related people and their respective coping methods, we found that there are many ways to solve the problem, but which method is the most efficient?

The author believes that when we understand the source of the problem and its possible benefits, we can lock in efficient solutions.

In addition, when I read this part, I was a little confused: I wonder what is the difference between it and the cause of the problem?

Fourth, when we know that we are encountering a problem, we need to comprehensively analyze the problem and accurately describe the definition of the problem; Then think about who is more suitable to solve the problem and how to adopt an efficient solution. Is this all the precautions? Actually, no. The author reminds us that we need to re-examine the problem, because sometimes solving the problem will bring the following situations:

(1) Solving this problem may bring us trouble. Do we really want to solve this problem?

(2) Some problems are better if not solved, because your solution may bring some side effects (pesticides invented by pests).

(3) Some questions are very important, but the answers are not important (it seems that this situation has never happened before and it is difficult to understand)

* * * Through the study of this book, I found the following counter-common sense facts:

1, the question we ask is probably not the question itself, it may contain many non-quantified, vague and ambiguous contents, it may be blinded by the appearance of the question, or it may ignore the implicit assumptions of the question.

2. Our solution may have created a problem that doesn't exist at all, and it is getting farther and farther away from the root of the problem among all kinds of problems that are constantly caused.

We often regard the initial solution to the problem as the problem itself.

If you have to tie the bell to solve the problem, we can temporarily blame ourselves and help ourselves find new possibilities to solve the problem.

Not all problems should be solved, and some problems will bring more unfavorable situation.

* * * The meaningful question I want to ask is:

1. Why are the questions we ask likely to be false questions?

2. Why can solving a problem produce countless problems?

3. Why is the problem we see likely to be its initial solution?

4. If we have to tie the bell to solve the problem, will we be helpless?

5. Why don't all problems need to be solved?

# Main factors affecting problem solving #

Characteristics of (1) problem. Types and expressions of problems

(2) Existing knowledge and experience.

(3) Fixation and functional fixation. (Habitual restraint and flexibility)

(4) Prototype inspiration and association. (migration, such as Lala to a simple centrifuge)

(5) Emotion and motivation. Positive emotions can promote solutions, and motivation is the driving force of people's actions.

(6) Personality factors. (intelligence, flexibility, self-confidence, cognitive style, world outlook)