How to do a good job of engineering visa for supervision engineer

How to do a good job of engineering visa for supervision engineer

The construction site visa is a kind of certificate signed by the owner and the construction contractor who invests in the construction project according to the construction contract, concerning the responsibility events other than the contract price in the construction process. So as a supervision engineer, how to do a good job in engineering visa?

First, the seven main reasons for on-site visa

1. Design change

(1) design reasons

Design optimization affects the date of drawing, which in turn affects the progress;

Design errors were not found in time, resulting in rework;

Rework and supplement caused by design gap;

Supplementary design leads to increased workload;

Secondary design (such as fine decoration, etc. ) causes the original work to be reworked or discarded.

(2) The reasons for site construction

The construction site conditions are wrong, the construction technology is advanced or lagging behind, the original design is difficult or impossible to construct, and the construction quality can not be guaranteed according to the original design.

(3) Marketing reasons

A. Changes in leadership thinking and preferences

B. Customer needs

C. changes in design requirements caused by market competition

(4) Property reasons (property demand)

2. Site conditions

A unclear geological exploration leads to changes in underground infrastructure or soil replacement.

B. The original building is unclear, or the underground obstacles are unclear.

C. the site does not have the conditions of three links and one leveling.

D. The site elevation is inconsistent with the design elevation, resulting in earthwork excavation and filling costs.

E. the influence of peripheral relations (such as residents' disturbances, etc.). )

F. Change the original construction scheme and increase the cost of technical measures.

3. Management of Party A

A. The site or working face cannot be handed over in time, resulting in time limit for a project and expense visa.

B. Unreasonable construction process arrangement causes rework or increased workload.

C. if the contract is unfamiliar, party b will take advantage.

D. The earthwork failed to be comprehensively balanced, resulting in being shipped out and then brought in.

E. The overall construction is thoughtless, which leads to repeated excavation.

F. decision-making is not timely, resulting in rework.

Sporadic projects and contract defects not included in the contract

H. Emergency measures

I. Party A's breach of contract

4. Party A's subcontracting

A. The mobilization of Party A's subcontracting team is delayed due to bidding, and the workload of the general contractor is increased or the construction period is extended.

B. Party A's subcontracting team fails to complete the work within the time limit agreed in the contract, resulting in claims from the general contractor or other construction units.

C. There is no clear agreement on the interface of subcontracting work, which leads to the separation of general contracting and subcontracting of some work.

D. Poor coordination, general subcontracting and cross-construction, resulting in increased workload.

5. Information provided by Party A

A. Due to the delay in bidding, the equipment and materials supplied by Party A are delayed to enter the site.

B. The equipment and materials provided by Party A are of poor quality and do not meet the requirements, and the return and re-purchase will affect the general contracting period.

C. The supply of auxiliary materials for equipment supplied by Party A is not clear, resulting in wrangling.

6. Supporting organizations

A. the work completed by the general contractor and the supporting units.

B. Some supporting units are overbearing, and the work or outcome is unknown, so the general contractor or other construction units wipe their bottoms.

7. Market and Force Majeure

A. Construction delay or shutdown due to bad weather will lead to time loss.

B. Impact of government policies

C. Disastrous weather effects

D. Rising prices

E if the original design materials cannot be purchased (or for other reasons), the materials shall be replaced.

Second, how to reduce visas?

1. How to reduce design change visas (this is the bulk of on-site visas)

(1) Design ideas and concepts should not be erratic.

(2) Choose excellent design team to reduce unnecessary mistakes, omissions and bumps.

(3) Party A's requirements should be as clear as possible in the design task book and before design, so as not to cause disunity and increase errors due to excessive modification.

(4) Party A and Party B should strengthen the examination of drawings to avoid rework.

(5) Put forward and solve the needs of marketing and property management as soon as possible.

(6) secondary design (such as fine decoration, etc.). ) try to advance as much as possible to reduce rework.

(7) Designers should understand the construction requirements and avoid changes caused by failure to realize the design intent.

(8) Design optimization should have a certain amount of advance to avoid affecting the construction plan.

2. How to reduce the number of visas caused by changes in venue conditions?

(1) Geological exploration should be detailed and try to find out the geological conditions.

(2) The actual situation of the site should be considered in the contract, and the cost of site leveling, demolition of original buildings and structures and other related measures should be paid in full.

(3) Coordinate the surrounding relations and create a good environment for the construction.

3. How to reduce the visa caused by Party A's poor management (the key point of visa management of the project department)

(1) Arrange the project plan reasonably to avoid the late handover of the site or working face.

(2) Reasonable arrangement of construction procedures

(3) Should thoroughly understand and be familiar with the contract law and other building regulations.

(4) Comprehensive earthwork balance must be done in advance.

(5) Management decisions should be decisive.

(6) The contract shall be as strict as possible, and the items outside the contract shall be reduced, and the materials requiring visas shall be reduced.

(7) Plan the overall pipeline, landscape and other construction schemes to reduce changes or secondary excavation.

(8) Design changes shall be timely fed back to the construction unit, and if there is any rework, the amount of rework shall be checked in time.

4. How to reduce the number of visas caused by Party A's provision of subcontracted projects and materials?

(1) Bidding must have a certain amount in advance.

(2) Select excellent subcontracting teams.

(3) There should not be too many subcontracting teams.

(4) Subcontracting is strict, reducing the thoughtless factors.

(5) The quality of materials supplied by Party A must be good and stable.

(6) Do a good job in the coordination of general subcontracting to avoid the phenomenon of wrangling.

Third, the "hidden rules" of engineering visas

In the process of engineering construction, design changes, speeding up progress, improving standards, construction conditions, material prices and other changes often occur, thus affecting the construction period and cost. After the cruel price reduction, construction enterprises often win the bid at a low price, and may take advantage of design changes and loopholes in engineering visas to enhance the effectiveness of filling in visa forms, so that the visa results can be reasonably fixed, and their profits can be guaranteed by changing the design, adding projects or raising prices.

1, use the credibility of the visa to change the visa subject.

At present, the procedures issued by design units and construction units are more credible than those initiated by construction units in project settlement evaluation. On-site economic visas are mostly applied by construction units. Because it is common to use visas to pay more for construction projects, the trust of on-site economic visas is low.

Therefore, in order to ensure its profits, construction enterprises must try their best to turn visas into design modification and change notices issued by design units. If it is not feasible, it will also become an engineering contact form issued by the construction unit, and finally an on-site economic visa.

Engineering visa refers to all kinds of expenses paid by both parties in the construction process according to the contract. If the construction process is inconsistent with the design drawings, construction drawings, construction budget items or quantities, and it is necessary to adjust the project cost, postpone the construction period and compensate for the losses, the supplementary agreement agreed by both parties and the mutual written confirmation visa can become the evidence of project settlement or final settlement to increase or decrease the project cost.

2. Enhance the validity of the visa form and fix the visa result.

When filling out the visa form, the construction unit should always make the contents of the signature as clear as possible and determine the best price. In this way, when the settlement is completed, the review and reduction space of the construction unit will be greatly reduced, and the visa result of the construction unit will be effectively fixed.

When a construction enterprise fills in a visa, it shall determine the contents in the following priority order:

If you can sign the total price directly, you will not sign the unit price;

If you can sign the unit price directly, don't sign the quantity;

Can directly sign the results (including directly sign the quantities), not sign the facts;

No drawing (sketch, schematic diagram) can be signed in writing.

Construction enterprises should fill in the visa involving expenses in accordance with the principle of facilitating pricing and settlement. If there is a visa settlement agreement, the contents filled in are consistent with the pricing caliber agreed in the agreement; If there is no visa agreement, it shall be priced according to the original contract pricing terms or with reference to the original agreement pricing method. Furthermore, the visa method should focus on the calculation rules of valuation basis (such as quota) as far as possible.

3. Add items or raise prices by changing the design.

In addition to carrying out normal engineering construction in accordance with the contract and design requirements, the construction unit also uses the defects in the bidding documents and design drawings and the bidding skills found in the bidding process to increase profits through design changes. Design changes, especially those beneficial to the construction unit, are an important means for the current construction enterprises to create profits.

Means of profiting from design changes;

First, when some main parts of the structure have been designed, the design of auxiliary structures or some sub-projects has the conditions recognized by construction enterprises and design units, such as embedded parts of large structures, structural reinforcement, reinforcement schemes, etc., which is equivalent to helping design units, which is naturally the best opportunity for construction enterprises to create profits.

Second, when the design requirements are different from the construction methods that construction enterprises are already familiar with.

4. Make use of the engineering contact list to create profits.

The distribution management of some construction units used by construction enterprises is not standardized. For example, some construction units have exceeded their authority on the representatives of the construction units, and there is no feasible internal control procedure to ask the leaders for approval step by step. The representatives of the construction units lack the awareness and quality of visa price control and are irresponsible for visa work. They often use the latter transfer process to communicate actively, and use their professional and technical advantages to confuse the construction unit and increase the project cost. There are two common contact forms: design contact form and engineering contact form.

There are two delivery processes:

Construction unit? Supervision unit? Construction enterprises;

Construction enterprise? Construction unit? Supervision unit? Construction enterprises.

5. Means of increasing on-site economic visa

In the process of construction, construction enterprises try to increase costs and profits by negotiating visas for various reasons. On-site economic visa involves a wide range of projects, which provides an opportunity for construction enterprises to increase on-site economic visa.

First, the on-site economic visa is not standardized, and some representatives of construction units accept donations from construction enterprises? Grace. Overestimate the risk, make excuses, resort to deceit, and increase the on-site economic visa.

Second, the visa was not issued in time, and it took a few days to reissue it, which led to the inconsistency between the content of the on-site visa and the actual situation.

Third, visas without the consent of designers increase the requirements for materials and increase the visa price.

6, increase the means of engineering visa

When some projects outside the contract need urgent treatment, the construction unit often embellishes them and asks for a visa; When dealing with some complex and time-consuming out-of-contract projects, construction enterprises often invite the representatives and supervisors of the construction unit to the site to watch. After a long time (generally not exceeding the visa time limit), they only remember things and don't remember the size before they get a visa.

For some non-critical parts of the project that affect traffic, it is deliberately delayed. In order to require the construction unit to complete the project as soon as possible and free up the traffic passage, the construction unit is usually required to catch up with the construction period, so that the construction unit can earn a part of the cost of the measures to catch up with the work.

Underground obstacles, temporary works to be demolished after construction, construction units, etc. Dismantled before issuing a visa; In the process of construction, material substitution occurs. When the construction enterprise handles it, the content of the material substitution form is not clear, and there is no detailed drawing or specific use part, only a visa to increase the amount of material.

Four or six typical case studies

Case 1: design change visa

Building No.6 and Building No.7 of xx Century Plaza Phase II, due to the change of facade scheme, the original curtain wall embedded parts were in the wrong position, and most of them could not be used, so they were re-buried, resulting in a visa fee of about 850,000 yuan.

Experience and lessons: design ideas should not be changed, design drawings must be improved before construction, and no major changes should be made after construction begins, especially the leaders should not change the design scheme at will.

Case 2: Visa due to site conditions

When the foundation trench of Langfang project 1# building was excavated to the design elevation, domestic garbage and soft soil layer were found. After the design change, it is necessary to manually remove domestic garbage and soft soil layer, and then backfill with 3: 7 lime soil. In addition, due to the sudden drop of temperature during construction, the lime-soil work cannot be carried out, but the lime-soil in some areas has ended (the upper part has not been compacted). In order to ensure the quality, lime soil is backfilled with graded sand after excavation.

Lessons: It is inevitable that soft soil and construction waste will turn into dust, but as a manager, you should consider comprehensively and know more about the weather (through weather forecast). If the weather is not unexpected, the visa can be prevented from digging out lime soil to backfill sand and gravel.

Case 3: Due to work visa rush.

Due to Party A's failure to cooperate with many tasks in the early stage of construction, the construction period of a project was delayed by 65,438+00 days. In order not to affect the delivery, Party A requires the construction unit to increase the time limit for recovering the loss of resources, and the construction unit will invest a lot of manpower and material resources to recover the time limit of 10 day to ensure the timely delivery. However, Party A also paid 50,000 yuan for the rush measures.

Experience and lessons: Party A must consider the comprehensive, well-prepared and reasonable arrangement of work in daily management, and cannot affect the project progress because of its own reasons.

Case 4: Visa issuance due to design errors and lax drawing review.

The design of the civil air defense door threshold of Xu Xiang Huafu Project was designed according to the original atlas, which was inconsistent with the structure of the purchased civil air defense door, and the structural reinforcement was bound, which led to the rework of the visa.

Lessons learned: Design institutes should keep abreast of new specifications and drawings in light of actual conditions, and cannot draw drawings based on experience. Party A must carefully review the drawings, and check whether each type of work is contradictory and whether the requirements of the drawings are consistent with the purchased equipment and materials. In addition, the purchased materials should have a certain amount in advance, so that the design can be revised in time when problems are found.

Case 5: Subcontractor A's delayed entry leads to visa.

During the bidding process of a project, the balcony railing was delayed to be installed due to the cost. It was not until some of the external walls were painted that the railing team entered the site, which caused the second repair of the wall and delayed the removal of the external scaffolding, resulting in a visa of nearly 6,000 yuan.

Lessons learned: A subcontractor must bid and enter the site as planned, and it is not allowed to delay the construction period and increase the cost of other measures in order to save a little cost.

Case 6: Visa is issued due to customer requirements and Party A's poor management.

The eighth floor of Building 5, Phase II of Century Plaza is for sale. When customers buy it, they propose to reserve a large space on the whole floor, and the developer is responsible for removing the indoor filler wall. Now the customer has gone through the handover procedures and found that the wall has not been demolished, and the marketing department has applied for demolition.

At this time, the public part has been decorated and the indoor wall has been painted. At present, the original wall is demolished, the public decoration cost, construction waste transportation and pre-laying decoration cost are about 654.38+ten thousand yuan.

Experience and lessons: It is understandable that the customer asks to dismantle the load-bearing wall, but the marketing department didn't ask the company until the end of the project, which led to an increase in the workload of construction and demolition, which belongs to poor management. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen timely communication between departments and deal with problems in a timely manner.

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