Can local fire brigades be run by private individuals and provide services directly to consumers through them?

Haha, microeconomics, right? You asked the right person.

Fire brigades in various places can be privately run and provided directly to consumers through services.

First of all, it can be judged whether fire protection belongs to public products. From an exclusive point of view, fire fighting is exclusive. After providing fire protection, people have no right to consume fire protection, nor will they prevent others from consuming it. Even when others need fire protection, they expect to consume it better and earlier. From the competitive point of view, fire fighting is a kind of public service provided to people in a certain range. Increasing one person's consumption will not reduce the interests of others, that is, the marginal cost of increasing the use of fire protection by new consumers is zero. However, a fire is possible. For consumers, there are not many opportunities for actual consumption, and there is generally no crowding. Therefore, judging from these two aspects, fire protection is a public product.