Question 6: How to accelerate the social construction focusing on improving people's livelihood?

On the basis of economic development, we should pay more attention to social construction, make great efforts to safeguard and improve people's livelihood, promote social system reform, expand public services, improve social management, promote social fairness and justice, and strive to make all people learn to teach, get paid for their work, get medical care, provide for their old age, live and live, and promote the construction of a harmonious society. First, give priority to the development of education and build a strong country with human resources. Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and educational equity is an important foundation of social equity. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China gives priority to education and puts forward policies and measures to develop education and build a strong country with human resources, which points out the direction for the development of education in China. The report points out that it is necessary to fully implement the party's educational policy, adhere to the principle of educating people, implement quality education, improve the level of educational modernization, train socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, and run a satisfactory education for the people. Optimize the educational structure, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate the popularization of high school education, vigorously develop vocational education and improve the quality of higher education. Attach importance to preschool education. Renew the concept of education, deepen the reform of teaching content, examination enrollment system and quality evaluation system, reduce the academic burden of primary and secondary school students and improve their comprehensive quality. Adhere to the public welfare nature of education, increase financial investment in education, standardize education fees, support education in poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas, improve the student financial aid system, and ensure that children of economically disadvantaged families and migrant workers receive compulsory education on an equal footing. Strengthen the construction of teachers, and strive to improve the quality of rural teachers. Encourage social forces to set up education. Develop distance education and continuing education, and build a learning society with all-people learning and lifelong learning. Vigorously developing education, speeding up the training of talents for socialist modernization and improving the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation are the inevitable requirements for implementing the party's basic line. Only by developing education can we fundamentally enhance China's comprehensive national strength and gain strategic initiative in fierce international competition. Only by cultivating generations of builders and successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline who are dedicated to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics can we ensure the long-term stability of the country. In the whole process of socialist modernization, the strategic position of giving priority to the development of education must always be adhered to and cannot be shaken. If we don't understand education in this way now, we will lose opportunities, delay major events and make historic mistakes. To develop education, we must deepen the reform of the education system. To meet the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must build a vibrant modern education system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Diversified financing will enable social forces to vigorously run schools. In order to accelerate the development of education in poverty-stricken areas, western areas and ethnic minority areas. Practically explore the reform of teaching mode, teaching method, curriculum system and teaching materials that meet the requirements of the times. Education and training at all levels will connect and communicate with each other, creating multi-level and diversified learning opportunities for the people. Enhance the ability of education to serve economic development and social progress, and vigorously develop various forms of vocational education and training. Actively and steadily develop higher education, make a number of universities and a number of key disciplines reach the advanced level in the world, train a large number of urgently needed professionals and high-level talents for economic construction, train and bring up a large number of top-notch innovative talents and first-class scholars, make universities the main body of the national knowledge innovation system, and make great contributions to cultivating new growth points of the national economy. Second, implement the development strategy of expanding employment, and promote employment through entrepreneurship. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. The employment problem can be said to be a worldwide problem. It is not only a major economic issue, but also a major political issue. How to solve the employment problem is an important symbol to measure the ruling and governance level of a government and a political party. With the increasingly prominent employment contradiction in China, the party and the government pay more and more attention to expanding employment. Under the correct leadership of the party and the government, China's employment work has made great achievements, mainly in the continuous expansion of employment scale, obvious improvement of employment structure, continuous improvement of employment mechanism and basically stable employment situation. These achievements are hard-won when the total supply of labor force in China is obviously greater than the total demand of labor force, and also when the world economy is ups and downs and changing rapidly. However, the employment problem is a major problem that China will face for a long time, and it will become one of the biggest problems in China's economic development. This is determined by the basic national conditions of our country with a large population and relatively backward economy and culture. At present, the main manifestations of employment contradiction in China are: the total contradiction is more prominent, and the total supply of labor force is obviously greater than the total demand in both towns and rural areas. Structural contradictions are more prominent. With the structural adjustment, industrial upgrading and system transformation, the proportion of employees in the primary industry continues to decline, releasing a large number of surplus labor; Some industries, especially traditional industries, closed down or went bankrupt because of overcapacity or resource exhaustion, resulting in a large number of workers jumping ship and losing their jobs; The reform of enterprise internal management system and labor employment system has laid off some employees; The possible impact of China's entry into the World Trade Organization on some enterprises will also aggravate structural unemployment. The quality contradiction is outstanding. With the progress of science and technology and the rise of new industries, some low-quality workers are forced to lose their jobs. At the same time, driven by scientific and technological progress, the organic composition of capital has been continuously improved, and the absorption of labor by the same capital has been greatly reduced. Contradictions in ideas are prominent. Due to the influence of traditional employment concept, some people blindly pursue relaxed, clean and decent jobs, which makes some people lose their job opportunities in vain, and so on. In order to solve the employment problem, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a series of practical measures. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should adhere to a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market employment mechanism, expand the scale of employment and improve the employment structure. We will improve policies to support self-employment and self-employment, strengthen education on employment concepts, and let more workers become entrepreneurs. We will improve the vocational education and training system for all employees and strengthen the transfer and employment training for rural surplus labor. Establish a unified and standardized human resources market and form a system of equal employment for urban and rural workers. We will improve the employment assistance system for people with difficulties and help zero-employment families solve their employment difficulties in time. Actively do a good job in the employment of college graduates. Standardize and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement the national policy on migrant workers, and safeguard the rights and interests of workers according to law. Third, deepen the reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents. A reasonable income distribution system is an important embodiment of social equity. Social equity is an important feature of a harmonious socialist society. Reforming the income distribution system, standardizing the income distribution order, and constructing a scientific and reasonable social income distribution system in line with the national conditions are related to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people, the overall situation of building a well-off society in an all-round way and creating a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and are a major event in the political and economic life of the country. The central government has always attached great importance to the issue of income distribution, emphasizing the need to improve the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, insisting that all production factors participate in distribution according to their contributions, paying more attention to social equity on the basis of economic development, increasing the adjustment of income distribution, standardizing the order of personal income distribution, striving to improve the income level of low-income people, expanding the proportion of middle-income people, effectively regulating excessive income, banning illegal income, and striving to alleviate inter-regional and part of society. It should be clear that since the reform and opening up, with the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, the income of urban and rural residents has increased substantially, the people's life has generally reached a well-off level, the reform of the social security system has made great progress, and the basic living security level of the urban poor has improved accordingly. At the same time, there are some problems that can't be ignored in the field of income distribution. The income gap between urban and rural areas, between regions and between industries is widening, and the income level of some industries is too high and the distribution order is chaotic. In order to build a scientific, reasonable, fair and just social income distribution system, deepen the reform of income distribution system and standardize the order of income distribution, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to adhere to and improve the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, improve the system in which production factors such as labor and capital participate in the distribution, and technology and management participate in the distribution according to their contributions, handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness in the initial distribution and redistribution, and pay more attention to fairness. Gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution. Efforts will be made to increase the income of low-income people, gradually raise poverty alleviation standards and minimum wage standards, and establish a normal wage growth mechanism and a payment guarantee mechanism for enterprise employees. Create conditions for more people to own property income. Protect legitimate income, regulate excessive income and ban illegal income. Expand transfer payments, strengthen tax regulation, break commercial monopoly, create fair opportunities, rectify distribution order, and gradually reverse the trend of widening income distribution gap. Fourth, speed up the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents to ensure people's basic livelihood. Social security is an important guarantee for social stability and order, and an important foundation for the country's long-term stability, people's happiness and sustained economic growth. Establishing and perfecting the social security system is an important part of establishing the socialist market economic system, which is related to the implementation of the party's purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly in practice, to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, to the overall situation and long-term stability of the country's reform, opening up and modernization, to adjusting income distribution, promoting social equity, expanding domestic demand and stimulating economic growth. The function of social security is mainly to help people reduce the risks they may encounter in their life and work, to ensure the basic life of social members and to enhance their sense of security in life. Especially at present, China is in a critical period of reform and development. The establishment of a sound social security system can provide timely and stable help to various members of society who are in trouble, thus creating a good social environment for reform and opening up. It can make people who have difficulties in life and work feel the care of the party and the government and the warmth of socialism, thus further enhancing the great unity of the Chinese nation. Therefore, establishing a perfect social security system is not only a simple economic work, but also a work of great political significance. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to labor and social security, made a series of major decisions, and broke through a large number of difficulties and key issues. It is the period with the greatest strength and the fastest progress in the reform of the labor security system, and the social security system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics has been basically established. According to the information provided by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, at present, 50 million urban and rural poor people in China have been included in the scope of conventional social assistance. At present, there are more than 22 million urban subsistence allowances in China, and more than 3.2 million rural people are included in the Five Guarantees. In addition, more than 7 million rural people in China are included in the subsistence allowance system, and12.04 million people are included in the regular quantitative assistance system. Although medical assistance for people with special difficulties in urban and rural areas has not been carried out for a long time, a considerable number of people with difficulties have benefited. Civil affairs departments cooperate with education, justice, construction and other departments to carry out special assistance in education, medical care, housing and heating in the northern region. Not long ago, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and 44 charitable organizations jointly issued 130 charitable projects, with a planned investment of 2.8 billion yuan. These projects involve the fields of helping the elderly, helping the disabled, saving orphans, helping the poor, disaster relief, student assistance, medical assistance and so on. However, the development of China's social security system can not fully meet the requirements of the development of market economy, and there is still a big gap with the people's hopes. The establishment and perfection of social security system still faces many problems and difficulties. The coverage of social security system is not wide enough; It is still very difficult to raise social security bonus; There are still various difficulties in the production and life of some people, especially in the vast rural areas where social security needs to be vigorously developed. Facing up to these problems, solving these difficulties, and truly establishing a perfect social security system with China characteristics that adapts to the development of market economy and people's social security needs still need the unremitting efforts of the Party, the government and the people of the whole country. Therefore, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: speed up the improvement of the social security system based on social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, focusing on the basic pension, basic medical care and minimum living security system, supplemented by charity and commercial insurance. We will promote the reform of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprises, institutions and institutions, and explore the establishment of a rural old-age insurance system. We will comprehensively promote the basic medical insurance for urban workers, urban residents and new rural cooperative medical care. We will improve the minimum living security system for urban and rural residents and gradually raise the level of security. Improve the unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance system. Improve the overall planning level and formulate a unified national social insurance relationship renewal method. Take various ways to enrich the social security fund, strengthen fund supervision, and realize the preservation and appreciation. Improve the social assistance system. Do a good job in special care and resettlement. Carry forward the humanitarian spirit and develop the cause of the disabled. Strengthen the work of aging. Strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation. Improve the low-rent housing system and speed up the solution to the housing difficulties of urban low-income families. To speed up the development of social security, we should first set out from the national conditions and establish and improve the social security system with China characteristics. Adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural areas, explore a social security system that conforms to the economic and social characteristics of rural areas where conditions permit, and promptly study and solve the problems of work-related injuries, medical care and endowment insurance for migrant workers, as well as the social security problems of landless farmers. Second, establish a long-term mechanism of social security. We should not only ensure the current payment and solve the special problems in the period of economic system transition, but also make great efforts to study and solve some major problems in the social security system and realize sustainable development. Third, give play to the regulatory role of social security in income distribution. Through the effective redistribution of social security, people, especially low-income groups, can share the fruits of economic and social development, build the same social interest base, and create conditions for the further development of the national economy. Fifth, establish a basic medical and health system to improve the health level of the whole people. Health is the foundation of people's all-round development, which is related to the happiness of thousands of families. China is a socialist country. Realizing that everyone enjoys basic medical and health services, improving the health level of the whole people and ensuring sustainable economic and social development are the fundamental goals of China's health undertakings. In order to achieve this fundamental goal, it is necessary to define the basic medical and health system first. China's health undertakings have undergone profound changes and made remarkable achievements. However, in the reform of the medical and health system, there have also been some problems complained by the people, mainly the difficulty and expensive medical treatment. The difficulty in seeing a doctor is caused by the existing and unreasonable allocation of resources. In China, the health care system is inverted pyramid. High-tech and excellent health talents are basically concentrated in big hospitals in cities. Rural and urban communities lack qualified health professionals and general practitioners, and even some small and medium-sized hospitals in cities lack high-level doctors. This pattern has formed a situation in which rural and urban communities lack medical care and medicine. It is difficult for ordinary people to see a doctor effectively in the local area after they get sick, so they can only go to other places or big hospitals for treatment. Expensive medical treatment is caused by some problems caused by the wrong medical reform, such as treating hospitals as profit-making institutions like economic organizations, and moral collapse of some personnel in the medical and health system. It is precisely because it is difficult and expensive to see a doctor that the economic burden of personal medical care is increased, and the number of people who are sick and do their own treatment is gradually increasing, thus reducing the health level of the whole society. Therefore, deepening the medical and health reform, establishing the basic medical and health system and improving the health level of the whole people have become a very important and urgent task before the party and the government, and have also become a matter of great concern and deep expectation of the broad masses of the people. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has reflected people's wishes and demands, and put forward the basic idea of establishing a medical and health system in China. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the public welfare nature of public health, give priority to prevention, focus on rural areas, pay equal attention to Chinese and Western medicine, separate government affairs, administration, medicine, for-profit and non-profit, strengthen government responsibility and investment, improve national health policies, encourage social participation, and build a public health service system, medical service system, medical security system and drug supply security system covering urban and rural residents. Improve the ability of prevention and control of major diseases and emergency response to public health emergencies. Strengthen the construction of rural tertiary health service network and urban community health service system, and deepen the reform of public hospitals. Establish a national system of essential drugs to ensure the people's basic drugs. Strengthen the construction of medical ethics, improve the quality of medical services, and ensure the safety of food and drugs. Adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, stabilize the low fertility level and improve the quality of the birth population. Carry out patriotic health campaign and develop maternal and child health. At present, do a good job in the reform and innovation of the medical and health system. First, accelerate the construction of basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents, focus on strengthening the construction of rural three-level health service network, and vigorously develop urban community health services. The second is to speed up the establishment of a national system of essential drugs, formulate a list of drugs that can basically meet the needs of the masses, standardize the order of drug production and circulation, and reasonably determine the price of medical services. The third is to speed up the establishment of different forms of medical insurance systems covering all kinds of people and form a compound social medical insurance system. Fourth, strengthen the public service function of public hospitals, standardize revenue and expenditure management, and reverse the tendency of public hospitals to blindly pursue income generation. At the same time, it must be emphasized that it is the direction of reform for the state to make citizens affordable for medical and health services through system design. According to this direction, we must vigorously strengthen the medical insurance system. Under the social medical insurance system, the disease risk can be resolved in a wide range of society, which enhances the economic ability of the insured to enjoy medical care, and at the same time relatively reduces the actual price of medical services and products, and solves the key problems of raising and using medical expenses under the market economy. It is the correct institutional choice for providing medical and health services under the conditions of low economic level and low income of residents in China. Sixth, improve social management and maintain social stability and unity. Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development. Social stability and unity are not formed spontaneously, but need perfect social management. Therefore, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to improve the social management pattern of party committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination and public participation, and improve the grass-roots social management system. Give full play to social creativity, maximize harmonious factors, minimize disharmonious factors, properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the petition system, and improve the mechanism of safeguarding people's rights and interests led by the party and the government. Attach importance to the construction and management of social organizations. Strengthen the service and management of floating population. Adhere to safe development, strengthen the management and supervision of production safety, and effectively curb serious accidents. Improve the emergency management system. Improve the prevention and control system of social security, strengthen the comprehensive management of social security, carry out in-depth activities to create peace, reform and strengthen urban and rural community policing, prevent and crack down on illegal and criminal activities according to law, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property. Improve the national security strategy, improve the national security system, be highly vigilant and resolutely guard against various separatist, infiltration and subversive activities, and earnestly safeguard national security. According to the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the process of improving social management, we should earnestly improve the social management pattern of party committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination and public participation. Perfect social management is not just a matter of which department, but a common task of the whole society. Under the unified leadership of the Party Committee, all sectors of society should shoulder their respective responsibilities, unite as one, unite as one, and form a joint force. Therefore, it is very important to improve the management pattern of party Committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination and public participation. Improve the grass-roots social management system and improve the grass-roots service and management network. Carry out urban community construction in an all-round way, actively promote rural community construction, improve the new community management and service system, and turn community construction into an orderly, well-served, civilized and peaceful social life. Improve residents' (village) autonomy, support residents' (village) committees to assist the government in providing public services and social management, give full play to the positive role of residents' units, community NGOs, property management institutions and professional cooperative economic organizations in community construction, realize the effective connection between government administration and community self-management, and realize the benign interaction between government administration according to law and residents' autonomy according to law. Strengthen the service and management of floating population, and promote the harmonious coexistence of floating population and local residents. Improve community public services, carry out mass self-help and mutual assistance services in communities, and develop community service industries. Adapt to the development and changes of China's social structure and interest pattern, and form a scientific and effective interest coordination mechanism, appeal expression mechanism, contradiction mediation mechanism and rights protection mechanism. Adhere to improving people's lives as a combination point to correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, correctly grasp the relationship between the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, the interests of the masses at the present stage and the special interests of different groups, and take into account the concerns of the masses in all aspects. Broaden the channels for expressing social conditions and public opinions, implement the system of leading cadres receiving the masses, improve the system of party and government leading cadres contacting the masses with party representatives, deputies to the National People's Congress and CPPCC members, improve the responsibility system for letters and visits, establish a national information system for letters and visits, build various forms of communication platforms, and bring the interests of the masses into the track of institutionalization, standardization and legalization. Improve the collection and analysis mechanism of social public opinion, improve the system of investigation and mediation of contradictions and disputes, establish a mechanism leading by the party and the government to safeguard the rights and interests of the masses, realize the organic combination of people's mediation, administrative mediation and judicial mediation, adopt more mediation methods, and comprehensively use laws, policies, economy, administrative means, education, consultation and guidance to resolve contradictions at the grassroots level and solve them in the bud. Efforts will be made to solve the problems strongly reflected by the masses in land acquisition and demolition, environmental protection, enterprise restructuring and bankruptcy, and law-related litigation, and resolutely correct behaviors that harm the interests of the masses. Adhere to the law and regulations, give full play to the advantages of ideological and political work, actively prevent and properly handle mass incidents caused by contradictions among the people, and safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. A harmonious society depends on the construction of the whole society. Rely on the people closely, mobilize all positive factors, and strive to form a vivid situation in which everyone is responsible for social harmony and everyone enjoys a harmonious society. (Author: Professor Zhang China Central Party School * *)