What are the aspects of the procurement and lead-time cycle?

As a preparation link of distribution activities, stocking operation includes two basic contents, namely, organizing the supply of goods and storing goods.

1. Organize the supply of goods

Organizing the supply of goods is also called raising goods or purchasing goods. It is the leader of the distribution center to carry out follow-up distribution business activities. Organizing supply includes the following steps.

(1) Make a supply and demand plan: Make a supply and demand plan according to the customer's distribution demand, including the variety, quantity, specifications and purchase time of the goods.

(2) Selection of suppliers: Evaluate the qualifications and capabilities of suppliers and select suitable suppliers.

(3) Issue a purchase order: After the supplier is confirmed, issue a purchase order to the supplier and sign a purchase contract.

(4) Warehousing acceptance: check and accept the goods delivered by suppliers to ensure the quantity and quality of purchased products.

(5) supplier organization evaluation: evaluate the whole supplier organization, make continuous improvement, and establish long-term contact with suppliers that meet the requirements of the enterprise.

There are many factors that affect the organization of goods supply in distribution centers, including the type and scale of distribution centers, acceptable procurement costs, types, origin and quantity of purchased products, and the ability of specific stocking personnel. Stocking personnel should constantly adapt to the needs of economic development, constantly update their own ideas, adjust stocking methods, find suitable suppliers for enterprises, and organize the supply of goods.

Store goods

Warehousing is the continuation of purchasing activities after the distribution center organizes the supply of goods. In the distribution center, the right amount of inventory can ensure the needs of customers and make the distribution work go smoothly.

There are two forms of goods storage in the distribution center. One is temporary storage, that is, according to the requirements of goods distribution, a small amount of goods are stored at the picking site; The second is the form of reserve, that is, according to the requirements of distribution activities and the delivery cycle of goods in a certain period, the goods are reserved in a planned way. The form of reserve is the resource guarantee for the continuous operation of distribution. Whether its reserve is reasonable or not directly affects the overall effect of distribution. Pay attention to the following aspects at ordinary times.

(1) Reasonable storage quantity.

Reasonable inventory quantity refers to a reasonable inventory standard under certain conditions, according to the specific business situation of the enterprise, in order to ensure the normal delivery business. To determine the reasonable storage quantity, we should consider the influence of customer demand, the conditions of distribution center, the needs of distribution cycle, distribution process and the management level of distribution enterprises.

The storage quantity consists of two parts: regular storage and insurance storage. Regular storage refers to the storage of goods in the distribution center to meet the daily distribution needs; Insurance storage is a storage established to prevent the influence of the change of commodity demand, avoid the shortage of commodities and ensure the continuous distribution. The determination of two kinds of storage capacity should be calculated by scientific method on the basis of considering various influencing factors.

(2) Reasonable storage structure.

Storage structure refers to the proportional relationship between the storage quantity of goods of different varieties and specifications. Because the distribution center, especially the large-scale comprehensive distribution center, has many kinds and quantities of goods to be distributed, the types of goods are even more varied, and the customers' needs for different goods are also different, and all kinds of needs are constantly changing. Therefore, while determining the reasonable storage quantity, the distribution center should pay special attention to the rationality between the storage quantities of different commodities.

(3) Reasonable storage time.

The purpose of storing goods is to meet the ordering needs of customers. Therefore, when determining the reasonable storage time of goods, the distribution center should pay attention to the production cycle of goods and the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of goods, so that goods will not be out of stock. It can also minimize the loss of goods and ensure the quality of goods.

(4) Reasonable storage space.

The reasonable space for commodity storage is to put commodities in the warehouse reasonably. The placement of commodities should be conducive to the circulation of commodities. Distribution centers with large inventory are generally large in scale and have many types of business. Conditional distribution centers can establish elevated automated three-dimensional warehouses, and set up multiple distribution points according to the needs of different categories and different distribution customers. When arranging the goods storage shelves reasonably, we should also pay attention to leaving enough passages for the operation of mechanical equipment to ensure the safe space of the warehouse.

During the storage of goods. On the surface, commodities are in a static state, but from the physical, chemical and biological perspectives, the interior of commodities is constantly changing, which may affect the use value of commodities. At the same time, environmental factors may accelerate this change. Therefore, careful distribution managers should always pay attention to the changes of temperature, humidity and other conditions in storage places, prevent and reduce the influence of external unfavorable factors, delay the change process of commodity quality and reduce the loss of commodities.