What are the current situation and main trends of China's green building market?

After nearly 10 years of development, China's green buildings are about to usher in a new era of development, which can be summarized as four aspects of transformation: a large number of new green buildings are built, and the green transformation of old buildings and old communities is carried out at the same time; From the green design, construction and operation of single buildings to the construction and management of green building clusters in communities, communities and even the whole town; From the pursuit of energy-saving, durable and applicable buildings to the healthy, ultra-low energy consumption and high-end buildings of green buildings, that is, from the residential function of buildings to the health, beauty and humanization of buildings. Why should we emphasize the transformation of old residential areas? The Central Urban Work Conference put forward "urban restoration" because in the process of its rapid development in the first 30 years, China's urban planning, construction and management were basically extensive, leaving many defects. However, the new idea different from the traditional practice is that it is not necessary to carry out large-scale demolition and construction, but to eliminate hidden dangers by means of "urban restoration", which is in line with the general trend of green development. According to incomplete estimates, there are about 40 billion square meters of existing buildings in China, about half of which must be repaired and rebuilt in various ways. In addition to many defects, these buildings must adapt to the needs of the aging era and green development. According to a rough estimate, the above transformation can generate more than one trillion new investment demand of 10, which is not on the traditional investment list of the National Development and Reform Commission, but is entirely a supply-oriented new investment demand. Taking green transformation as the goal, replacing traditional large-scale demolition and construction with urban renovation, and implementing organic renewal of old urban communities can greatly save energy and reduce emissions. Green transformation can make people's lives better and cities more beautiful and livable, which is our ultimate starting point. There are nine essential projects in the renovation of old residential areas: performance testing and earthquake resistance of old buildings. In the first 30 years, in order to meet the rapidly growing housing demand of citizens, China built a large number of houses in the mode of direct arrangement by the government. Due to various reasons, the quality monitoring and industrialization level of these houses built twenty or thirty years ago are relatively low, and no one is even responsible for the quality of housing construction. Unlike those who design, develop, construct and supervise, buildings are permanently engraved with not only the names of legal persons but also the names of natural persons. As a result, although the life span of many buildings is less than 30 years, the balconies often collapse, or the whole building collapses, or the overall structural defects appear in the old community, threatening the safety of residents' lives and property. It can be seen that the performance and structure of existing buildings in half of cities in China should be tested, especially those old buildings whose load-bearing walls and beams have been rebuilt privately. According to the test results, necessary maintenance and reinforcement should be carried out to achieve an additional 30-year life and basic seismic performance. Renovation of external wall insulation. The original design of most old houses is only to meet the living function, and often ignores the "four festivals and one environmental protection". Today, with the gradual increase of building energy consumption and the need to deal with urban air pollution, we can consider installing insulation boards and replacing glass windows in some old buildings with poor energy efficiency in the northern region. In the Yangtze River valley and the south, thermal insulation coatings or other thermal insulation methods with more convenient construction and lower cost can be selected. Building energy conservation in South China should be carried out by greening the external walls. Planting climbing plants such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata can achieve good energy-saving effect, because the indoor and outdoor temperature difference in the most extreme season in these areas does not exceed 15℃, and the energy-saving problem can be completely solved by simple and low-cost methods. These transformations can enjoy state subsidies. Solar roofs are uniformly installed in old communities. As we all know, the penetration rate of solar water heaters in China has reached 60%, and 75% of solar water heaters in the world are installed in China. From the perspective of technology and mature products, it is completely feasible to replace the traditional sloping roof reconstruction with the mixed installation and integrated design of solar water heater and solar photovoltaic. The traditional sloping roof reconstruction can not meet the requirements of energy saving, resulting in the contradiction that solar water heaters have nowhere to be installed, which can be completely solved through integrated design and installation. The solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integration transformation scheme can also introduce the contract energy mode to reduce the user's upfront investment. Taking the city as an example, it is successful. We installed solar photovoltaic panels on the roofs of some existing buildings in Jinzhou city, Liaoning province, which has a population of 500 thousand. The total installed capacity can reach 10 trillion in the first step, and the annual power generation exceeds 1 1.75 million kilowatts, saving 4,000 tons of standard coal every year and reducing corresponding air pollutants. Through careful design, the total solar energy installation area on the roof of this medium-sized city can be doubled again. According to the preliminary calculation, the solar energy transformation of the urban roofs in China will generate about two Three Gorges power stations and huge pollution reduction. Obviously different from separate solar power plants and wind power plants, the "distributed solar power plants" in such cities can completely absorb power generation, while the "empty" electricity of the former is as high as 60%. Rainwater collection in buildings. Most cities in China belong to high-density cities. If rainwater collection devices are installed on the roofs, underground parking lots and floors of old residential areas, surface runoff can be reduced by more than 60%. At the end of every sewer pipe at home, there is a bucket that can collect one ton of water. The rainwater stored in the bucket can be used for fire fighting, greening, car washing and toilet flushing. The cost of collecting a ton of rainwater is about 50 cents. There are too many cities in China, so water needs to be transferred from outside. Rainwater collection in buildings can save a lot of water resources and reduce the threat of urban waterlogging. From the point of view of fire prevention, once a community has so many rainwater collection devices, it will become safer. Install the elevator. The original residential standard in our country is that it is not recommended to install elevators in houses below seven floors. However, due to the acceleration of population aging, the proportion of elderly people over 65 in big cities has increased rapidly, and the masses have great demand for the aging transformation of old communities. Multi-storey houses without elevators need elevators. This fund can be raised by families. Light guide windows or other ways can be installed to compensate the windows blocked by the elevator for the residents on the ground floor. However, the elevator installed in the old house needs special design, because the motor of the elevator must be installed at the top, not at the bottom, which is easy to be flooded or damaged by others. This kind of elevator is best to use renewable energy elevator, which only increases the cost by 5%, but can generate extra power and save electricity by 50%. We provide various schemes for various old residential areas, and the installed elevators are closely attached to buildings, so that all existing buildings can find the most economical and practical mode of installing elevators. This mode of installing elevators makes it very convenient for the elderly to travel in the community. Practice has proved that with careful design and construction, old residential areas can be rebuilt and the aesthetic feeling of the original houses can be increased. Reconstruction of reclaimed water reuse. There are many successful examples of integrated renovation of old houses and toilets all over the country. This transformation makes the effluent from washing machine, the wastewater from bathing and the wastewater from washbasin automatically collected into a water storage tank. The structure of the water tank can be vertical, horizontal and suspended. When the water is full, a disinfection tablet will be automatically put in. This simple device can save more than 30% water indoors. According to preliminary calculation, if this system is installed in 80% of houses and buildings in Beijing, there is no need for water for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which can save about 654.38+0 billion tons of water every year. As long as the cost of this device is more than 2,000 yuan, the investment cost can be recovered in five years in Beijing, and the service life can be as long as 30 years or even longer. Using this water facility integrated with toilets to transform old buildings can also avoid residents' concerns about cross-infection caused by "large and medium-sized water". If the ladder water price is combined, the effect of behavior water saving will be better. Reform of heating metering. At present, small heating metering products are mature, diverse and cheap. Household heat metering can be implemented without reforming the original pipe network, and its energy saving efficiency can generally reach 30%. Heating metering reform can enjoy national and regional energy-saving subsidies. Moreover, for a community, the contract energy management model can be adopted to improve the whole. If the thermal insulation of wall doors and windows is added, the energy-saving effect of heating metering transformation can be doubled. At the same time, the new model of "how much heat is used and how much money is paid" can inspire ordinary people to carry out thermal insulation renovation on the doors, windows and exterior walls of their houses. Establish a three-dimensional parking garage in the community. The height of this three-dimensional parking garage can exceed 10 floor or 15 floor. Through careful design, it can be perfectly integrated with the original building, as if the building extends outward, which is not a parking garage visually. It is suggested to adopt a multi-form, small, decentralized and multi-point three-dimensional parking mode suitable for old communities. For example, a three-dimensional parking garage covers an area of only two cars and can park 15 cars. It can be electric and can be driven out by hand once the power is cut off. Solar energy can also be added to the three-dimensional parking garage to turn each parking space into a charging pile, which is convenient for electric vehicles to charge. Garbage classification and LED lighting renovation in residential areas. The most difficult thing to sort is the garbage that will stink. There are two ways to solve it. The first method is to decompose the box with bacteria without smell, and the second method is to crush it with a pulverizer and then flush it into the sewer. These two modes can solve the problem of collection and treatment of kitchen waste. Before it is solved, trash cans can be used to mark smelly and odorless recyclable garbage. Replacing all the traditional residential lighting and residential road night lighting lamps with LED lamps can produce 40% energy saving performance and greatly improve the service life of lamps. There are eight expansion projects in the transformation of old residential areas: community greening and building exterior wall greening. Comparing two photos taken in the same place, we can find that one is an infrared photo and the other is an ordinary photo. In places with dense trees, there are obviously few red patches on infrared images, indicating that the ambient temperature here is low. Where the green trees are sparse, the corresponding surface temperature is higher, which can reach about 8℃ or even higher. Imagine, how much does the surface temperature difference of 8℃ affect the use of air conditioners? Simple residential greening has a great influence on the effect of energy saving and emission reduction, which shows that the heat island effect can be completely eliminated with the lowest cost through the reasonable collocation of flowers and trees and the greening of residential areas dominated by trees. Residents of many cities in our country like to plant those tall trees. According to China's cultural tradition, fallen leaves are the best, warm in winter and cool in summer. But also can produce carbon neutral effect and beautify the community. Moreover, each big tree absorbs about 100 kg of dust every year, which is conducive to reducing smog and increasing biodiversity. Increase the connection between the community and the outside world. Some time ago, online media were crazy about "pushing to the wall of a closed community", but many old communities actually had no wall to push. For example, the compound of the Ministry of Construction is 600 meters long on both sides, with only one entrance and exit. What should I do if there is no fence to push in the compound community of the Ministry of Construction? The rationalization proposal is to add three more entrances and exits. Through the transformation of adding entrances and exits in old residential areas, it can bring obvious benefits to residents' travel, disaster avoidance and fire truck traffic, and make the city's capillaries more unobstructed. Taking the compound of the Ministry of Construction as an example, adding three entrances and exits can increase the number of external passages, facilitate people's travel and improve the function of avoiding disasters. Overall design and transformation of sponge community. There are many projects involved in this aspect, such as roof greening and solar energy, transforming the original green space into concave seepage green space without transplanting trees, transforming the original residential road into seepage pavement, and installing seepage pools in parking lots to collect rainwater. , so that groundwater and surface water can communicate well, and play a multiple role in saving water, infiltrating rainwater and beautifying the community environment. Install the sunshade window. Practice has proved that the energy-saving effect of the transformation of external shading of residential exterior walls and windows is very good. Most cities in China are very hot in summer. Whether in the south or the north, there is a problem of shading windows facing south in summer. Generally speaking, the energy consumption of air conditioning can be saved by 50% through the transformation of external shading. Especially in hot areas, installing external sunshade also enhances the anti-theft performance of residential buildings and the aesthetic feeling of buildings. In the northern region, specially designed external shading can also play a role in heat preservation. Centralized filtration of kitchen fume. With the effective control of air pollution by chemical, power generation and transportation projects in China, after 10 years or less, the increase of PM2.5 caused by kitchen fumes will become increasingly prominent, and this pollution will be discharged nearby, which will have a great impact on residents' health. At present, PM2.5 pollution in cities is mainly caused by coal burning and traffic. However, if the air pollution caused by coal burning and traffic is effectively controlled, the urgency of reducing kitchen fume will increase accordingly. Comprehensive utilization of open space in old buildings. Many old urban communities in the 1970s and 1980s are relatively empty and the space utilization rate is relatively low. Therefore, we can adopt the mode of gradual transformation and appropriately increase the building floor area ratio. You can use the increased floor area ratio to compensate the losses of other users, such as eliminating the impact of installing elevators on the bottom residents, or using parking garages to compensate the bottom users with elevators. You can also use the newly-added building area to set up medical, pension and cultural and sports activities places in the community, so that the life of residents in the community is greener, more environmentally friendly and healthier. Beautifying the community community is not just a place to live. When people quit their jobs, they live in the community 24 hours a day. Community should be a place where people's bodies and souls yearn for, and a place where people live poetically. Through the beautification and greening of old residential areas, or the inheritance or transformation of history and culture, the sense of identity and pride of community residents can be enhanced, so that community residents can have a sense of belonging like home and create a stable, comfortable and pleasant living environment. If every path in the urban community can be paved with green grass, every place has a prosperous and diverse landscape, and we can feel the influence of history and culture, we can dress up our living environment more beautifully, and the community as a grassroots social cell will be more stable, cohesive and attractive. Beautiful China is difficult to build in the city; The key to building this beautiful city lies in the community. Green property management and smart community based on energy saving and emission reduction. By promoting wireless meter reading, online payment, visualization and unit water-saving and energy-saving awards, we can establish a volunteer service network for community professional and technical personnel, which can not only give full play to their talents, but also promote energy conservation and emission reduction and facilitate people's lives. In the future, pension and medical care will be carried out through the internet. It can be seen that green property management is a huge emerging industry. China City Council has developed an online evaluation system for green building signs, which can be used for online evaluation and declaration, making the green transformation of communities simple, cheap and convenient for people to participate. With the popularization of green buildings, the energy-saving and water-saving effects and environmental quality of each residential unit of each green building are visualized and digitized through visual perception, which can motivate users to save energy and water and achieve the effect of saving 15%. After transformation, every household can become a node of a network. Through the green building management diagnosis network, technical experts can be effectively integrated, and each green building can be consulted online at any time, so that the maximum potential of energy saving and emission reduction can be exerted in the green transformation of old residential areas, and the actual effect of "four festivals and one environmental protection" in residential areas can be further promoted. Through new technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, bim and cloud platform, the community will be greener and residents' lives will be more suitable and convenient. /kloc-0.5 trillion invested in new fields, and the supply side of green buildings has great potential for reforming and transforming old residential areas. Menu-based overall project planning can be adopted to mobilize all residents in residential areas to actively participate in the planning process. Design it at home and then promote it through demonstration. China people always advocate "seeing is believing". By giving full play to the demonstration effect of the transformation of old residential areas, let other people in residential areas who have not been transformed visit and study, and let them see that the transformed residential areas can really change the living environment of residents. This can greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of the people to support and participate in the green transformation of old residential areas. The green transformation of old residential areas means many technological innovations and system reforms. Many standards for old houses and buildings are generally not aimed at residential areas, and these standards cannot meet the green transformation of old residential areas. It is necessary to compile new standards in time to meet new demands, instead of being bound by these outdated old standards. In order to integrate the superposition effect of green technology and produce the overall effect that one plus one equals two, it is necessary to regulate all links of green units through the Internet and the Internet of Things, so that various distributed green facilities can work together to maximize the comprehensive energy-saving and emission-reduction effects. The design of intelligent community should first meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction in the community, and then superimpose other information functions that facilitate the people and benefit the people. Ppp mode and innovative mode of property management can be adopted in the renovation of residential areas. Because the traditional residential property management is only responsible for cleaning, greening and security, it now involves the operation of many new technologies and facilities such as green, health, energy saving and emission reduction. These new technologies and facilities should be carefully maintained, maintained and used. This requires the innovation of green property management mode, which means that a huge new green industry will be formed. Concentrate government subsidies on energy conservation and emission reduction, and accelerate the green transformation of old communities. There are about 500 billion residential maintenance funds lying in bank accounts all over the country, which have not played a role. The green transformation of old residential areas needs the joint efforts of all parties. The government's driving force is the most important in the transformation of old residential areas. This transformation can produce a huge overall effect of carbon dioxide emission reduction, and can also be partially compensated through the carbon market. Through the evaluation of the star standard of green old houses and old residential areas, residents have a greater sense of identity and acquisition of the transformed residential areas. The new investment field of/kloc-0.5 trillion yuan means that the supply-side reform of green buildings has made great achievements, which makes the innovative spirit and extensive participation of scientific and technological personnel more conducive to the optimization of people's quality of life. Accelerating the development of green buildings through the transformation of old residential areas is not only for the good life of contemporary people, but also for the next generation to live a greener, richer and happier life under the limited resources of the earth.

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