[Analysis on the Application of the Concept of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Building Water Supply and Drainage] Winners of the Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Competition

The uncontrolled use of natural resources has caused an energy crisis, and the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction has been paid more and more attention. This paper mainly introduces the application of the concept of energy saving and emission reduction in building water supply, building drainage, building water use and building hot water, and provides some ideas for the improvement of building water supply and drainage in the new period.

Energy conservation and emission reduction; Building water supply; Building drainage; Water in buildings; Building hot water

introduce

With the continuous development and utilization of natural resources in modern society, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become urgent problems to be solved. Similarly, for China, energy shortage and environmental pollution have greatly restricted the rapid development of China's economy and posed a serious threat to people's health. Therefore, China vigorously advocates the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction, and constantly implements it in production and life.

Building energy consumption accounts for about one-third of the total social energy consumption, and the energy consumption of hot water related to building water supply and drainage accounts for 10% ~ 30% of the total building energy consumption. In addition, there are many places where the concept of energy saving and emission reduction can be applied in building water supply, building drainage, building water and building fire water, but this concept has not attracted widespread attention in actual building water supply and drainage projects. However, with the continuous promotion of the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction in China, it is believed that designers and constructors engaged in building water supply and drainage industry will pay more and more attention to the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction. The following will focus on how to apply the concept of energy saving and emission reduction in water supply and drainage projects.

1. Building water supply

1. 1 variable frequency speed regulation water supply

Frequency conversion and speed regulation water supply equipment is an energy-saving pressurization equipment. It uses the law that the motor speed is different at different power frequencies, and the frequency converter changes its power frequency and then changes the motor speed, and finally changes the speed of the water pump to realize variable water supply. Its characteristics are high efficiency, convenient management, simple operation, flexible installation and low noise. When using frequency conversion and speed regulation water supply technology, we should pay attention to analyze the water supply situation of specific projects, and give the water supply curve reflecting the characteristics of water use as much as possible, so as to find out the regular things, such as the large water consumption in the morning, middle and evening in general residential quarters, but the duration grows at night; General office buildings and teaching buildings are mainly in the daytime, and the water supply is relatively uniform; High-class apartments and hotels supply water 24 hours a day, which is more uniform than residential water supply, but the daily water consumption is much larger. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze water users, calculate more accurate second flow, and rationally configure pumps according to the steps of calculating pump head. When the flow rate is small, one pump can be used for one standby, and when the flow rate is large, multiple pumps can be used alternately for transportation. Designers can find out the high efficiency area according to the water consumption curve and characteristic curve of the pump, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

1.2 Selection of water supply equipment

Galvanized steel pipes in water supply pipes are easy to rust, and corrosion at joints will lead to water leakage and seepage. New types of pipes, such as aluminum-plastic composite pipe, steel-plastic composite pipe, stainless steel pipe, copper pipe, PP-R pipe, PE pipe and PVC-U pipe, can solve this kind of waste problem well. When selecting pipes, we should meet the requirements of safety, reliability, hygiene and economy, and at the same time, we should try our best to meet the requirements of sustainable development and environmental protection. Some new pipelines can not be recycled, which may have a certain impact on sustainable development and environmental protection, and may also cause environmental pollution, which is a problem that design managers must pay attention to.

For valves, globe valves are more tightly closed than gate valves, and gate valves are more tightly closed than butterfly valves, so choose valves that can save water when conditions permit. For sanitary ware and water distribution equipment, water-saving performance should be selected as far as possible, such as using water-saving shower, replacing ordinary faucet with porcelain-core water-saving faucet and inflatable faucet, using small-volume water tank toilet or sanitary ware to use two-stage flushing water tank, which is equipped with time-delay self-closing faucet and photoelectric control faucet. This can reduce water consumption, thus implementing the concept of energy saving and emission reduction.

1.3 control overpressure outflow

In the current Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage in China, although there are some restrictions on the maximum pressure of water supply pipe fittings and household branch pipes, this is only considered from the perspective of preventing damage caused by excessive pressure of water supply pipe fittings, but not from the perspective of preventing overpressure outflow. The pressure requirement is too loose, which basically has no effect on limiting overpressure outflow. If this point is not considered in the design, it will cause great waste of water resources. The pressure of water supply system should be reasonably limited according to the actual situation of overpressure outflow of building water supply system.

Article 3.3.5 of Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings stipulates that the domestic water supply system of high-rise buildings should be vertically partitioned, and the hydrostatic pressure of the lowest sanitary ware distribution point in each partition should not be greater than 0.45MPa, and it should not be greater than 0.55MPa under special circumstances. The optimum water pressure of sanitary ware is 0.20 MPa ~ 0.30 MPa, and most of them are in overpressure outflow. According to the data research, when the hydrostatic pressure at the water distribution point is greater than 0. 15MPa, the output of the faucet increases obviously. It is suggested that decompression measures should be taken when the hydrostatic pressure of the lowest sanitary ware distribution point in the high-rise partitioned water supply system is greater than 0. 15MPa.

1.4 strengthening water meter management

The setting of water meter plays a vital role in water control. Increasing the total water meter in the community and analyzing the water balance with each household water meter will help to find the hidden danger of water leakage. The so-called water balance test refers to the actual test of the water system of the unit by water users, and analyzes the balance relationship between input water and output water.

The choice of water meter also plays a vital role. If the selection of water meter is not good, the accuracy of water meter measurement will be poor. If the model of the building water meter is too large and the water consumption is low, the pointer of the water meter will basically not move, and about 40% of the water can't express the accuracy requirement of 4%. The accuracy of water meter measurement is related to the accuracy of leakage control evaluation, so effective measures should be taken to improve the accuracy of water meter measurement.

The National Bureau of Technical Supervision's "Relevant Provisions on Compulsory Verification of Measuring Instruments (Trial)" stipulates that household water meters should be verified for the first time, used for a limited time, and replaced when due, but in reality, effective measures have not been taken to implement them, resulting in the indefinite use of most building water meters. The longer the service life of water meter, the lower the accuracy. In order to ensure the working accuracy of water meters, it is necessary for property departments and water companies to carry out regular testing on water meters.

At present, household water meters are widely installed in residents' homes, which brings inconvenience to residents' lives. At the same time, residents often cover (hide) the originally installed water meters during indoor decoration, which brings great difficulties to the management and maintenance of water meters. In recent years, China's residential design began to set the water meter relatively centrally or uniformly on the first floor (or equipment floor), or set the water meter in the tube well. These designs will increase the water supply pipeline and cost, and at the same time increase the construction difficulty and the inconvenience for residents to check the water meter. It can be seen that the application technology of water meter in China should develop to IC card water meter and remote water meter system.

2. Building drainage

2. 1 rainwater and sewage diversion

In order to reduce the output of wastewater and the load of sewage treatment plant, rainwater pipes in buildings should be set separately to discharge rainwater directly into rivers; In areas with water shortage or serious water shortage, in order to make full use of wastewater resources, rainwater storage tanks should be set up. Cleaner production wastewater (such as cooling water) can be discharged into rainwater storage tank and reused after being treated by certain facilities and chemicals. Similar to reclaimed water, treated rainwater, as an available water resource, can be used for toilet flushing, urban greening, landscape water and other water that meets the quality standards of reclaimed water. The general structure of building rainwater collection is that the roof rainwater is introduced into the rainwater grit chamber through the conduit, and the precipitated rainwater flows into the reservoir, which is pumped to the miscellaneous pool and sent to the reclaimed water system after chlorination and disinfection. In order to solve the problems of dust suppression and acid rain, the rain is generally skimmed two minutes before the rain. At present, many countries in the world have carried out research on rainwater utilization to save water resources and reduce the burden of water use and sewage treatment.