Brief introduction to the concept of intelligent building engineering

The demand for information in modern society is increasing, and the speed of information transmission is getting faster and faster. 2 1 century is the information century. At present, information technology, biotechnology and new material technology are the main driving forces of world economic development, among which information technology has the greatest influence on people's economic, political and social life. The information industry is gradually becoming the main pillar industry of society, and the progress of human society will depend on the development and application of information technology.

In recent years, with the development of electronic technology (especially computer technology) and network communication technology, society is highly informationized. In architecture, the combination of information technology, ancient architectural technology and modern high-tech applications has produced building intelligence. Building intelligence is the crystallization of building technology adapting to the information requirements of modern society, using computer technology to automatically control the equipment in the building, manage information resources and provide information services for users.

1984, UTBS rebuilt a financial building in Hartford, Connecticut, and named it City Plaza. Mainly increased computer equipment, data communication lines, program-controlled switches, etc. , so that residents can get services such as communication, word processing, e-mail, information retrieval and market inquiry. At the same time, the air conditioning, water supply and drainage, power supply and distribution equipment, fire fighting and security equipment of the building are all controlled by computers, which has realized comprehensive automation and informationization, enabled users of the building to obtain an economical, comfortable, efficient and safe environment, and made a qualitative leap in the functions of the building, thus giving birth to the world's first intelligent building. Since then, the construction of intelligent buildings in the world has embarked on the track of rapid development. The basic requirement of intelligent building is to have complete control, management, maintenance and communication facilities, which is convenient for environmental control, safety management, monitoring and alarm, and is conducive to improving work efficiency and stimulating people's creativity. In short, the basic requirements of building intelligence are: automation and intelligence of office equipment, high performance of communication system, flexibility of building and automation of building management service.

The environment provided by building intelligence should be superior living environment and efficient working environment;

Comfortable. In order to make people feel comfortable psychologically and physically when living and working in intelligent buildings (including public areas), the environmental conditions such as air conditioning, lighting, noise, greening and natural light should be in a good or optimal state.

Efficiency. Improve the work efficiency in office business, communication and decision-making, and save manpower, time, space, resources, energy consumption and expenses, as well as the use and management efficiency of equipment systems belonging to buildings.

Convenient. Besides centralized management and easy maintenance, it should also have efficient information service functions.

Adaptability has strong adaptability to the change of office organization, office mode and process and the renewal of equipment. When the network function changes and updates, it will not hinder the use of the original system.

Safe. In addition to ensuring the safety of life, property and buildings, we should also consider the safety of information to prevent information leakage and interference in the information network, especially to prevent information data from being destroyed and tampered with and hacked.

Reliability. The selected equipment has mature software and hardware technology, runs well, is easy to maintain, and can be repaired in time when faults occur.

3, the function of intelligent building

From the functional point of view of building intelligence, the functions provided by building intelligence should include:

It has the function of information processing, and the information scope is not limited to buildings, but should be carried out between cities, regions or countries.

It can automatically control the lighting, electric power, heating and ventilation, air conditioning, water supply and drainage, disaster prevention, anti-theft and transportation equipment in the building.

It can realize the automation of equipment management that monitors and statistically records the running status of various equipment, and realize the automation of disaster prevention centered on safety status monitoring.

Buildings should be fully adaptable and extensible.

All its functions should be able to develop with technological progress and social needs.

4. Advantages of intelligent building

Compared with ordinary buildings, the advantages of intelligent buildings are embodied in the following aspects:

Have good information receiving and response ability, improve work efficiency.

Improve the safety, comfort, efficiency and convenience of the building.

Has good energy-saving effect. Effective control of air conditioning, lighting and other equipment not only provides a comfortable environment, but also has remarkable energy saving effect (generally, energy saving reaches 15 ~ 20%).

Save equipment operation and maintenance costs. On the one hand, the system can run normally, which can reduce the maintenance cost of electromechanical system. On the other hand, due to the high integration of the system, centralized operation and management, and more reasonable personnel arrangement, the labor cost has dropped to the bottom.

Meet the needs of users for different environmental functions.

The application of high-paying technology can greatly improve work efficiency.

5, the definition of intelligent building

What kind of building is an intelligent building? At present, there are many references to building intelligence in the world, and Europe, the United States, Japan, Singapore and the International Society of Intelligent Engineering all have different references. Among them, Japan's national conditions are close to those of China, which can be used as a reference. The definition of intelligent building by Building Intelligence Branch of Japan Electrical Machinery Industry Association is: integrating the most advanced technologies in the fields of computer, information and communication, and coordinating the work of power, air conditioning, lighting, disaster prevention, anti-theft and transportation equipment in the building. Building automation (BA), communication automation (CA), office automation (OA), security automation system (SAS) and fire automation system (FAS) have been realized. A building that combines these five functions, plus a structured integrated wiring system (SCS), a structured integrated network system (SNS) and an intelligent building integrated information management automation system (MAS) is an intelligent building. Main components of building intelligent system (BAS)

Building automation system is responsible for computer monitoring and management of air conditioning and refrigeration system, power distribution system, lighting system, heating system and elevator in the building. Building automation system monitors, controls and records each subsystem by computer, realizes decentralized energy-saving control and centralized scientific management, provides a good working environment for users in the building, provides convenient management means for building managers, reduces energy consumption and management costs for building operators, and provides a material basis for the modernization of property management. Its main control components are as follows:

Air conditioning monitoring system: Its monitoring requirements include: temperature control, humidity control, fresh air, return air and exhaust air control, refrigerator antifreeze monitoring, filter status monitoring, fan status and fault alarm. The monitoring system of freezing station includes automatic control of cooling water pump and cooling tower fan, energy-saving control of the number of water chillers, pressure difference control of freezing water system, and control of freezing station by central management station. Therefore, the following problems need to be solved: monitoring, control and fault alarm of cooling tower fan, monitoring, control and fault alarm of cooling water pump, monitoring, control and fault alarm of cooling water pump, monitoring and control of outlet temperature and flow of water chillers, monitoring and control of differential pressure of water separator and water collector, monitoring, control and fault alarm of water chillers. Water supply and drainage monitoring system: used for building domestic water, fire water, sewage and water. Including pressure measuring points, liquid level measuring points and switch control points, it is required to display the parameters of each monitoring point, the fault alarm of equipment operation state and abnormal state, and control the start and stop of related equipment. Power transformation and distribution monitoring system: including low-voltage power distribution system, computer uninterrupted UPS power supply system, refrigeration station power distribution, transformer, high-voltage system and high-voltage secondary line for monitoring. It mainly includes the measurement of current, voltage, active power, reactive power, power factor and temperature, and the control of switching value. It is also required to monitor and measure the operation parameters of the power supply system in real time, display the main wiring diagram, operation diagram and operation parameters of the AC /DC system and UPS system, correctly distinguish the switch displacement and fault displacement of the system, give an alarm when the parameters exceed the limit, and record the accidents and faults in order to query the causes of the accidents and display and tabulate. The monitoring system of thermal power station can draw load curve, display and print operation report: the central monitoring system monitors the outlet temperature and flow rate of hot water of heat exchanger, and controls the lighting monitoring system of hot water pump to start and stop; The central monitoring system conducts on-off control according to the predetermined time sequence every day, and monitors its on-off state. The working state can be displayed in words and graphics, and printed by the printer. Security monitoring system: Security system is an essential part of intelligent building, which provides security monitoring, intrusion alarm and access control management for the building. The security monitoring system adopts microcomputer control matrix system to complete video switching control, horizontal/pitch/zoom control and self-detection function. The system can be equipped with an independent keyboard for easy management. The technology of security monitoring system is mainly manifested in that the intrusion alarm system can obtain the main passages, entrances and exits, important parts and surrounding conditions of buildings through various sensors, such as active infrared detectors, passive infrared detectors, infrared and microwave detectors, glass breakage sensors, vibration sensors, various manual and foot switches, etc., which is convenient for prevention work. Access control system is to identify and select people who enter and leave the gate, that is, all people's access is monitored. After the system recognizes the identity of the personnel, it decides whether to allow them to enter or leave according to the stored data. Each difference is stored as an event record, and these data can be selectively output as needed. The whole prevention system is an organic whole. When an intrusion alarm or unauthorized intrusion occurs, relevant alarm information is received in the central control room. Through information exchange, the security monitoring system turns on the camera near the alarm location and switches to the designated monitor for monitoring. At the same time, turn on the video recorder to automatically record the situation on the spot for inquiry. Background music and fire-fighting broadcasting system: The design of fire-fighting system must be consulted and approved by the public security fire department, and it is forbidden to go it alone. The key points of the design are as follows: The background music system mainly provides functions such as playing background music and voice broadcasting for building work areas and public places. In case of fire or emergency, it can be used as an accident alarm broadcast to guide evacuation and command to deal with accidents. The design of public address sound should be coordinated with the fire alarm system, and the zoning control should be implemented. In the event of an extraordinary event or fire, the system can accept the forced switching of the fire center, automatically put into the accident broadcast and fire alarm broadcast, and immediately switch the background music usually played in the fire area to the accident broadcast. In terms of technical performance, speakers are required to be basically distributed according to the requirement that the interval is equal to 2 ~ 2.5 times the height; Meet the requirements of fire alarm, that is, the speaker interval is less than 25m, and the power is not less than 3W, which can realize the simultaneous alarm of this floor and the upper and lower floors; The maximum loudness is not less than 80 dB, the sound field uniformity is not less than 8 dB, and the speech intelligibility is more than 85%. FA fire alarm and fire control system: This system will involve architectural design, security, public security and other departments, and needs to be coordinated. The principle of mastering is: fully understand the product performance characteristics of the manufacturer, the technical support degree of the on-site installation of the manufacturer, the recognition degree of the public security, security, builders and users, and the cost performance. Ma building information management automation: this is the centralized monitoring and management of all systems after integration. The principles are centralized authority, friendly interface, high sensitivity, quick response and full function. 5.2 Communication Automation System (CA) System Composition

Communication automation system is the central nerve of intelligent building, which integrates telephone, computer, monitoring and alarm, closed-circuit television monitoring, network management and other comprehensive information networks. The main contents of intelligent building communication automation system are:

Consider the communication requirements of BA, CA, OA, MA and FA, and consider the design and construction of communication network in a unified way. Select the topological structure of computer network and make comprehensive wiring for the building. The requirements of communication automation system for computer network are as follows:

Standardization and standardization: select network communication protocols, operating systems, network management platforms, system software, network communication media, network wiring, connectors and materials, devices and equipment for wiring that meet industry standards or factual industry standards. In the process of wiring construction, we must also abide by the international common network engineering norms and national building electrical engineering implementation standards. Only by adopting standardized and standardized design, the system can be open, which can ensure users to develop the system effectively and provide a good environment for future development. Advanced and mature: In order to ensure the technical advancement and reliability of the whole communication network system and building management system structure, we should choose a reasonable, practical and easy-to-expand and upgrade network topology structure, and choose products from reliable manufacturers with advanced technology, guaranteed reputation and recognized by the majority of users. Safety and reliability: Building automation management, communication network and office automation are a complex integrated system, and measures need to be taken in both software and hardware to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the whole system. First of all, we must ensure the safety and reliability of the structured integrated wiring system as the foundation. From the scheme design of structured integrated wiring system to the selection of materials and equipment, as well as all stages of project implementation, all factors affecting the safety and reliability of the whole system must be considered. After the construction of structured integrated wiring is completed, the relevant parameters must be tested in strict accordance with the standards. In terms of software, the security, manageability and maintainability of the system are realized by means of system type, data type encryption and permission setting: building automation management, computer network and office automation are relatively complex systems. In the design and construction, advanced and standard management software must be adopted, with good user interface and reasonable equipment layout, so as to achieve standardized wiring, clear identification and complete documents, and provide manageability and maintainability for the whole system. Flexibility and expansibility: In order to ensure the existing investment of users and the increasing business needs of users, the whole system must have a flexible structure and leave a reasonable expansion space for users to make appropriate modifications and expansions as needed. Cost-effective optimization: comprehensively consider the performance and function of the system, and make the investment required by the whole system as reasonable as possible under the premise of not losing its advanced nature in the foreseeable period, thus forming a cost-effective system. Practicality and feasibility: According to the comprehensive consideration of system requirements and capital investment, the scheme design adopts mature technology to ensure the feasibility of technology. Openness and compatibility: the system design adopts products that support and meet the standards, which makes the system have good compatibility and is conducive to the selection, construction, maintenance and cost reduction of equipment. 5.3 Composition of Office Automation System (OA)

In order to meet the requirements of owner's office automation, the system design goal of intelligent building should be simple, practical, convenient and safe. The basic functions of the office automation system for intelligent buildings mainly include:

Personnel finance: personnel file management system, financial management system and fixed assets management system. Leadership office category: official document management system, leadership important matters arrangement management system, document management system, general manager inquiry system, domestic and foreign business information system of this industry. Management category: building memorabilia system, floor management system, building operation management system and memorabilia. Public services: public information service systems (such as civil aviation, postal services, trains, telephones, etc.). ), music, broadcasting management system, bulletin board system management system and management software proposed by other users.