Pyramids, Statues of Zeus, Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens, Temple of themis, Mau Solas's Tomb, Alexandra Lighthouse, Angkor Wat, Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors.

The Great Pyramid along the Nile was built by the ancient Egyptian king himself. It is said that there are nearly 100 pyramids in Egypt, most of which were built in the third to sixth dynasties of Egypt. Some pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital and the west bank of the Nile. The pyramids of Giza belong to King Kabra on the left and King Kuff on the right, and there is a sphinx nearby. The main building material is limestone, and part of it is huagangyan. The three largest and best-preserved pyramids were built by three emperors of the Fourth Dynasty, Khufu, Cabra and Menkoala, from 2600 BC to 2500 BC. Pyramid of khufu 146.6m high and 230.35m long at the bottom. The height of the Hafra Pyramid is 143.5m and 215.25m; Grow at the bottom. The Menkoala Pyramid is 66.4m high and the bottom is108.04m long. Among the three great pyramids, the largest is pyramid of khufu, which is an almost solid boulder, consisting of more than 2 million boulders. Crowds of people dragged these big stones to the slope of the ground, and then piled them around the pyramid by scaffolding. Next to the pyramids, there are some small pyramids and rectangular desktop graves of royalty and nobility. At first, the polished gray limestone blocks on the outside of the pyramid almost disappeared. What we are seeing now is the light yellow limestone below, revealing its internal structure. There is a tomb in the center of the pyramid, which can be entered through the tunnel. On the top of the tomb, several large stones weighing dozens of tons are stacked on top of each other. The completed pyramid was used as a tomb. Ancient Egyptians believed in immortality after death. At first, the tombs in the pyramids were filled with gold and various valuables. Construction time: about 2700-2500 BC. Construction site: Giza near Cairo, Egypt. According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man, Imhotep, invented a new architectural method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced mud bricks with square stones picked from the ground, constantly revised the design scheme of building a mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egypt, pyramids were called hierarchical pyramids because they were trapezoidal and layered. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like the Chinese character "gold", so people in China write it as "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history. There are 80 pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid of Giza, which was built around 2600 BC and all of them were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve stones and build tombs? The layout of the passages and rooms inside the mausoleum is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians build it? Up to now, there are still different opinions and no clear research.

Statue of Zeus in Olympia

Zeus is the god of Greek gods, the main god of Olympia. The statue of Zeus built for sacrifice is the largest indoor statue in the world, and the temple of Zeus where the statue of Zeus is located is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Philo of Byzantium wrote about the Seven Wonders: "We are proud of the other six wonders, but we are afraid of the statue of Zeus." The temple of Zeus was the religious center of ancient Greece. The temple is located in the center of a vast flat land on the Rizos River southeast of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, and is in charge of Zeus, the god of ancient Greek gods. Now this place is full of hills in Huang Chengcheng, but in ancient Greece, it was surrounded by green valleys and cool streams, and the scenery was elegant. Not far away, there is a dense forest, full of green, with beautiful flowers and trees on both sides of the forest path, which was the religious center at that time. In ancient Greece, this area was located outside the walls of Athens. In Hadrian's time, in order to expand the scale of Athens and expand the city walls, temples were incorporated into the city. The construction of the temple began in 470 BC and was finally completed in the first 456 years. This is a Doric building designed by Elis architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was carved by sculptor Pheidias. The Temple of Zeus itself is a Dolique-style building, the surface of which is covered with gypsum limestone. The roof of the temple is made of marble and supported by 34 Corinthian columns, the height of which is17m, and the Paros in front of the temple is 4 1. 1 m107.75m.. Many statues on the herringbone eaves in the west of the temple are completely Athenian. As for Zeus, the protagonist of the temple, the so-called "chryselephantine" technology was adopted, and the muscles carved from ivory and gold clothes were added to the wooden support. The throne is also gilded, inlaid with ebony, precious stones and glass, which took eight years to complete. In a book by traveler Pausanias, there is a detailed description of the statue of Zeus, which records:' The main body of Zeus is made of wood, the exposed part of his body is covered with ivory, and his clothes are covered with gold. He wore a crown woven with olive branches on his head, a victory statue made of ivory and gold in his right hand, a scepter made of various dazzling metals in his left hand, and a vulture rested on the top of the scepter. As for his throne, the head and back of the statue are engraved with statues of "Sanya" and "Three Seasons" (spring, summer and winter). The legs and feet are decorated with dancing goddess of victory, sphinx with head and other Greek gods. The bottom is 6.55 meters wide and the height is 1 meter. Except for the throne, this statue of God, which is only about 13 meters high, is equivalent to a four-story modern building, so that Zeus sitting on the throne almost put his head on the top of the temple. Behind the statue hangs a sacred curtain looted by the temple in Jerusalem. Phidias planned the surrounding changes more accurately, including the light from the temple gate to the statue. In order to make the face of the statue more beautiful and bright, a huge and shallow black marble olive oil pool was built in front of the statue, and the light was reflected by olive oil. During standing, workers come to wipe ivory, which is called "phidias polisher". A visitor said, "I can tell you the size of the statue, but I can't describe its impression." Idols have been worshipped by people for more than 900 years, but in the end, Christ ended everything. In 393 A.D., the Roman emperor Marius I resolutely issued a pardon order to stop the competition, and the ancient Olympic Games also ended in this year. Then in 426 AD, the pagan temple was destroyed, so the statue of Zeus was destroyed, phidias's studio was changed into a church, and ancient Greece was destroyed. The inward inclined stone pillars of the temple collapsed in the earthquakes of 522 and 55 1 year, and the stones were demolished and transformed into fortresses against barbarian aggression. Fortunately, before this, the statue had been transported to Constantinople (now Istanbul, the Turkish capital) and kept in the palace by eunuch luisi for 60 years. Unfortunately, it was also destroyed in the city riots.

Roddy's giant

The Colossus of Rhode Island in Greece is the most mysterious of the Seven Wonders. This colossus was built at the entrance of Rhodes Harbor. It is a bronze statue of Helius, the Greek sun god, about 33 meters high. Because it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC in just 56 years, archaeologists could not even determine its exact location and appearance. Construction time: completed in 282 BC. Construction site: Aegean Sea, Rhodes Island, Greece. The colossus of Rhodes is located in the port of Rhodes, Greece, leading to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important commercial center, located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mausolaris (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonian aggressor Dmitry led 40,000 troops (more than the population of the whole island) to surround the port. After a hard war, the Colossus of Rhode Island defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. This statue was built for 12 years and is about 33 meters high, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stones and iron columns. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 50 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting. This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helius. It was designed by architect Charles. After 12 years of construction, the Colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus is 33 meters high, made of marble and covered with bronze, and was later used as a lighthouse. However, the earthquake in 226 BC knocked down the colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near the port of Mandraki. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, which made it more difficult to investigate this spectacle.

Hanging gardens in Babylon

Like the Colossus of Rhode Island, archaeologists have yet to find the remains of the Hanging Gardens. Construction time: about 6th century BC, location: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon were not suspended in the air. The origin of this name is that people mistakenly translated the original Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis" (meaning both "hanging" and "protruding") into ". It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, and it was modeled after her hometown in the mountains. It is said that slaves need to turn mechanical devices to draw a lot of water from the Euphrates River below to irrigate the flowers and plants in the hanging gardens. Hanging Gardens The most magical composition of hanging gardens is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the Hanging Gardens are far away from the Euphrates River, historical researchers believe that the Hanging Gardens should have many water conveyance facilities. The slave kept pushing the handle connected with the gear to transport the groundwater to the storage tank on the top floor, and then returned to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because ordinary buildings can't withstand the erosion of the river for many years without collapsing. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are unusual. They are added with reeds, asphalt and gravel. Some documents even pointed out that a layer of lead was added to the stone to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation. It should not be a "hanging garden" originally, but it has become a "hanging garden" because of translation errors.

artemis temple,selcuk

Artemis is the Greek word α ρ ε ι δ (Latin Artemis), the goddess of the moon and hunting in Greek mythology and the sister of Apollo, the sun god. Roman mythology called her Diana, Egyptians called her Isis, and Arabs called her Rath. In ancient Greece, the goddess themis was deeply worshipped, so she built the Temple of themis, one of the seven wonders. Construction time: about 550 BC. Construction site: Soul of Freedom, ancient Greek city, about 50km south of Izmir (Smyrna). Temple buildings are based on marble and covered with wooden roofs. The designers of the whole building are Chersiphron and his son. Its biggest feature is that there are two rows of columns at least 106, and each row is about 12 to 18 meters high. The temple base is about 60×120m. The remains of Al themis Temple were destroyed by a fire in 356 BC, and the temple was built after the original site was on fire in 262 AD. The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first temple of Al themis was designed in 550 BC by architects Samos, Cherxihong and his son Mette kinnis, supported by Ionian marble columns. This was the first building built entirely of marble at that time. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as Yas, Polly Cletus and keresey Ras Vladmont. The statue of Al themis was placed on the U-shaped altar in the center for people to worship. Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion. After the transformation, the length of the marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, and thirteen steps were added around it. Finally, because people who love free souls converted to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 year.

Mosora's King's Tomb Temple

It is said that Mao Solas's tomb temple in Halicarnassus is about 45 meters high, and the upper part of the pedestal is a stepped pyramid, and the statue of King Solas of Kalia Kingdom may stand at the top. This mausoleum was destroyed in an earthquake in the third century. Construction Time: About 353 BC Construction Location: This huge white marble mausoleum is located in the southwest of Turkey today, and was built for Mo Solas and his wife. The whole building was designed by two Greek designers and decorated with strange carving patterns. Fu Yi's achievements are well known. It was destroyed by a great earthquake at the beginning of15th century. There are still some remaining sculptures in the British Museum in London. Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus. The ground floor building is rectangular, with an area of 40m by 30m and a height of 45m. The pier wall is 20m high, the column is12m high, the pyramid is 7m high, and the top carriage statue is 3m high. The building is surrounded by pier walls, decorated with stone statues, and the statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient two-wheeled chariot. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-Since the 20th century, archaeological excavations have been carried out in Lisi Tomb Temple in Mosora, providing a lot of information about Mao.

Alexander's lighthouse

According to the order of Alexander the Great (King of Macedonia), the lighthouse of the Faroe Islands in Alexandria was built on an artificial island in 300 BC. It is at least 65,438+0.22 meters high and made of shiny white limestone or marble. Construction time: about 300 BC. Location: fallows Island near Alexandria. Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mouse to build the Alexandria Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC. When the Alexander Lighthouse was completed, its height deserved to be the tallest building in the world at that time. His designer is Greek architect Sotheby's Chattus. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes: "The lighthouse was built on three steps. At its top, a mirror reflects sunlight during the day and guides the ship with fire at night. " /kloc-for 0/500 years, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors to the harbor in the dark. It is also the latest of the six wonders to disappear. /kloc-it was completely destroyed by the earthquake in the 0/4th century. The Alexander Lighthouse Fallows Lighthouse is absolutely different from the other six wonders, because it has no religious color, and it was built purely for people's real life. The lights of Fallows Lighthouse shine all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time. Legend of Alexander Lighthouse: In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established a new city, Alexandria, west of the Nile estuary in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt began to rise. Alexandra became the capital of Ptolemy dynasty and prospered. In addition, Alexandra is located at the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe, and it can also lead to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how Alexandra prospered and how world trade developed. Moreover, Faross Island in Alexandria has the Faroes lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the world, which shines on the port. There are also a large number of architectural relics such as temples and Egyptian royal palaces. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, today, Alexandra is beyond recognition. Scientists believe that most of these buildings collapsed due to a major earthquake in the fourth century AD. Scientists have carried out many excavations in Alexandria, including one in 1996. French experts claimed that a large ancient relic was found at the bottom of Alexandria, and traces of ancient roads and paving stones were also found. Investigators found an ancient binaural flask that sank to the bottom of the sea. This is an ancient Greek jar with two handles, which was used to transport wine and other trade goods. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the Pharaoh's head with metal utensils, and then sent the statue into the water with balloons. The survey was conducted at the possible location of the Fallows lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue. With these discoveries, many investigations have unearthed thousands of relics, most of which weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these relics, we can gradually imagine the mysterious lighthouse of Fallows. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backwardness of ancient directional navigation technology, it is conceivable that the Fallows lighthouse, which shines on the whole port, plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Whether future generations can have a clearer understanding of Fallows Lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If the excavation of Alexandria can be further developed, more architectural features can be reproduced. ...

The Great Wall in Wan Li, China is the greatest architectural project in the history of human civilization. Many years ago, the Great Wall of China was called one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. It was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the Great Wall of Wan Li was built after the Qin Dynasty unified China. Later dynasties built it one after another, and the construction scale in the Han Ming period was even larger. The existing Great Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty, extending from Shanhaiguan in Bohai Sea to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province. The average height of the Great Wall is 7.8 meters, the average width at the bottom is 6.5 meters and the top is 5.8 meters. There is a rectangular stone platform for observation every 100 meters. Dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries built the Great Wall mainly to guard against each other and the nomadic people in the north. Since Qin Shihuang, the Great Wall has been a fortification against nomadic people in the north. In the history of feudal dynasties for thousands of years, the threat from northern foreigners has always been a sword hanging over the head of the Central Plains Empire. The rulers tried to stabilize the northern frontier with relatives, but more often, they chose to build or strengthen the Great Wall. Two parallel city walls are erected several meters apart, and the middle is filled and compacted with soil. Set up a beacon tower at regular intervals, and build more complex chengguan or towers in strategic places where military strategists compete. Since the Great Wall stretching across Wan Li is a magnificent defense system, we always expect some heroic satisfaction when climbing the Great Wall. But the moment I boarded the Great Wall, I felt a sense of loss: Is our Great Wall just such a section of wall? Just looking at a section of the Great Wall, I think it's too thin. How can we resist foreign invasion only by this section of the city wall? In fact, the Great Wall failed to resist the most threatening enemy's attack. The Ming Dynasty spent a lot of manpower and material resources to repair the Great Wall of Wan Li, the land of Qin Shihuang, and established a perfect defense system. The Great Wall is divided into "Nine Borders and Eleven Towns" with "Road" and "Pass" under the towns. Every enemy station and beacon tower are subordinate to each other, and once there is any enemy situation, you can inform them at any time. Ironically, in A.D. 1499, the leader of Walla led his troops to break through the Great Wall defense line. Not only that, they also captured Ming Yingzong who personally participated in the expedition. The Great Wall did not prevent the Mongolians and Manchus in the north from entering the Central Plains and establishing their feudal dynasties. No matter how magnificent the Great Wall is, it is just a wall, which is not enough for a dynasty to hide behind it safely. Interestingly, the most prosperous Tang Dynasty in China's history was one of the few dynasties that never built the Great Wall. With its own prosperity and strength radiating to neighboring small countries, communication has replaced war, and the Great Wall has lost its meaning of existence. From this point of view, the construction of the Great Wall in Wan Li, on the one hand, is of course a demonstration of the wisdom and strength of China people, a history of military defense in various dynasties, and on the other hand, it seems to be a proof of failure. Talking about the battle of Juyongguan in the late Ming Dynasty, Gu sighed: "The land is not dangerous, the city is not high, there are not many soldiers, there is not enough food, and the national law is not good, so people will go." Once the dynasty was close to decline, the Great Wall really couldn't resist anything.

Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat, also known as Angkor Wat Temple, is located in the northwest of Cambodia. Formerly known as Vrah Vishnulok, it means "the temple of Vishnu". The ancient book in China is called "Sangxiang Buddha Hall". It is the best-preserved temple among Angkor's historic sites, famous for its magnificent buildings and detailed reliefs, and the largest temple in the world.

/kloc-king suliye bamo ii of Angkor in the 0/2nd century hoped to build a magnificent cave temple on the flat ground as the capital and national temple of Angkor. So it took the whole country's efforts, and it took about 35 years to build Angkor Wat. Angkor Wat is the peak of Khmer classical architectural art, which combines two basic layouts of Khmer temple architecture: altar and cloister. The altar consists of three rectangular corridors, which surround the platform of Mount Sumi, and each floor is higher than the other, symbolizing Mount Sumi in Indian mythology, which is located in the center of the world. Five pagodas stand at the top of the altar, arranged in a five-point plum blossom pattern, symbolizing the five peaks of Xumi Mountain. A moat surrounds the temple, symbolizing the Aral Sea around Mount Sumi.

Terracotta Army

The terracotta warriors and horses pit of Qin Shihuang sits west to east. The three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are sloping doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang is the largest underground military museum in the world. Terracotta warriors and horses pits have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls. Pit No.1 is the largest, with a depth of 5m and an area of14260m2. There are more than 6,000 Ren Tao Ma Tao in the pit, arranged in a neat and orderly circular square. At the eastern end of the pit, there are three rows of warrior figures with crossbows and long-range weapons, which seem to be forward troops, followed by a main force composed of 6,000 armored figures, with long weapons such as spears and halberds, arranged in 38 rows in the 1 1 cave, with 35 chariots of Xu. Guards on the north and south wings. More than 500 warrior figures, 6 chariots and 24 war horses, as well as bronze weapons and ironware such as bronze swords, Wu Gou, spears, arrows, crossbows and bronze halberds were unearthed in pit 1. At the eastern end of the cave, there are 2 10 terracotta warriors and horses with different facial expressions, clothing styles and hairstyles, which are lifelike. They are arranged in three rows, with 70 people in each row. Except for three leaders wearing pin armour, the rest are all dressed in short brown, with their legs tied, without helmets, holding bows and arrows and crossbows. Later, it was the main force composed of 6,000 armored figurines, each armed with spears, daggers, halberds and other long weapons of about 3 meters, separated from 35 chariots by 38 columns 1 1 east-west tunnels. There are a row of warrior figures on the north and south sides and at both ends, which look like guards to prevent the side tail from being attacked. This team is uniform, well-equipped, powerful and magnificent, which is the artistic representation of the mighty army of Qin Shihuang in previous dynasties and has a strong artistic appeal. Pit No.2 is located in the northeast of Pit No.1 and the east of Pit No.3. It is square, 96 meters long from east to west and 84 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 6,000 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array in the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 1.7 million square meters, which is the largest and most well-preserved exhibition hall of modern sites in China. Yuan, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First of all, in order to better protect cultural relics, and secondly, it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can not only visit the local features of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. " The Terracotta Warriors Pit No.2 is a square foot with an area of 6,000 square meters. It is a large military array composed of cavalry, infantry, crossbowmen and chariots. It can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: crossbowman phalanx, Xu Zhanma phalanx, Chebu and cavalry phalanx, and cavalry phalanx. * * * There are 1300 terracotta figures and horses, more than 80 chariots and a large number of metal weapons. According to preliminary calculation, there are more than 300 pottery figurines 1300, more than 80 chariots and tens of thousands of bronze weapons in pit 2, among which general figurines, pommel horse figurines and bow-shooting figurines are found for the first time. There are four inclined doors at the east and west ends of the second pit, and two inclined doors at the north. The statue pit is located in the west and the main entrance is in the east. The layout in the pit is divided into four units. The first unit is located at the eastern end of the figurine pit, with 60 vertical crossbow figurines in the surrounding corridor, and the array center is composed of 160 crossbow figurines east of Badao Road. The crossbowman adopts the arrangement of stretching array in the array, and takes turns shooting when standing and kneeling to avoid the danger of slow tension. The second unit, located on the right side of the pit, consists of 64 chariots (chariots are made of wood, leaving only relics). 8 times per column, * * * 8 columns. There are four horse-sized terracotta warriors and horses in front of the car. Behind each car, there are three soldiers and figures. In the middle is the charioteer Lamar, and the other two are standing on the left and right sides of the car, armed with long-handled weapons. The third unit, located in the middle, consists of 19 chariot, 264 infantry figurines and 8 knight figurines, and is divided into three columns. In front of each horse stood a small statue of a knight, holding the reins in one hand and the bow in the other. In addition to the three riders, there are 8~36 infantry figurines after each ride. The fourth unit, located on the left side of the army array, consists of 108 knight figures and 180 pottery pommel horse figures arranged in 1 1 row to form a rectangular cavalry array. Among them, 1 and 3 are listed as 6 chariots. In front of each horse, there stands a knight figurine in Hufu, holding the horse in his right hand and holding a bow in his left hand. Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.3 is concave in plane, covering an area of about 520 square meters. Together with Pit 1 and Pit 2, it seems to be the headquarters of the three armed forces, with 68 pottery figurines and 4 horses 1 vehicle unearthed. The third pit is located 25 meters west of the first pit, with an area of about 520 square meters and a concave shape. There is a chariot in front of the door, in which there are 68 warriors. Judging from the layout of the No.3 pit, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and middle armies, but it was not built. There are no terracotta figures in the fourth pit, only backfill soil. Judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the formation of the two pits is complex and the arms are complete, which is the backbone of the confrontation. In Sun Tzu's art of war, this grouping method is called "large array with small array, large camp with small camp, even falling with hooks, bending around". "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "People who ride a war can be divided into three parts, one on the right, one on the left, one who is easy to ride many cars, one who rides many risks and one who is wide." Only the organic combination of the three can win every battle. The second pit is the theoretical map of this ancient strategist.