What are the harmful gases in decoration?

What are the harmful substances in interior decoration? How harmful is it to human body?

1. Formaldehyde pollution may cause formaldehyde pollution to wood-based panels, adhesives, wallpaper, chemical fiber carpets and foam materials such as large core boards, multi-layer plywood and density fiberboard. Formaldehyde is an internationally recognized potential carcinogen, which can irritate eyes and respiratory mucosa, cause abnormal immune function, damage multiple organs and nervous system, and even cause fetal malformation.

Second, glue, paint, coatings, adhesives, thermal insulation materials and waterproof materials contaminated by benzene. Substance that may release benzene. Benzene is a strong carcinogen. Inhalation of high concentrations of benzene in a short time will cause symptoms of central nervous system anesthesia, ranging from dizziness and nausea to coma.

Third, ammonia pollution In winter construction, if antifreeze containing urea is added to concrete and sand, ammonia pollution may be caused. Ammonia can cause tears, sore throat, dyspnea, headache, vomiting and other symptoms, and weaken human immunity.

Four, radon pollution granite, marble, tiles and other stone materials, ceramic sanitary ware, gypsum, cement may cause radioactive radon pollution. Radon is colorless and tasteless. Even in the environment with high radon concentration, people have no feeling about it. There are 50,000 cases of cancer caused by radon in China every year.

5. Light pollution If the indoor lighting is designed in colorful or dazzling ways, it will not only do great harm to vision, but also interfere with the functions of higher nerves in the brain center. The scientific and reasonable indoor lighting layout should avoid glare, and the direction and intensity of light irradiation should be appropriate to avoid direct exposure to human eyes.

Six, color pollution If you don't pay attention to the deployment of colors or use colorful paints too much, it will cause visual fatigue and even lead to emotional and psychological problems. For example, red and pink are easy to increase the burden on the eyes and cause a bad mood; Yellow can make people feel bored. Experts pointed out that the most suitable colors for home improvement are ivory, ivory and white.

Pregnant women, children, office workers, the elderly and people with respiratory or heart problems are the most vulnerable.

1. Pregnant women: Indoor air pollution, especially the harmful gas pollution after decoration, has a greater impact on women's health due to the different physiological structures. There are many fat components in women's bodies, which will be stored in fat after stupid absorption. Many cases at home and abroad show that benzene has adverse effects on embryo and fetal development, which can cause fetal malformation and stillbirth in severe cases. Long-term exposure to low-concentration formaldehyde can cause chronic respiratory diseases, menstrual disorders in women, pregnancy syndrome, and cause physical decline in newborns; High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to nervous system, immune system and liver, and can also induce fetal malformation and infant leukemia.

2. Children: Increase the incidence of asthma in children: According to the project "Study on the Influence of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health" co-operated by China and the United States, children's cold cough, cold expectoration, cold asthma and bronchitis are significantly proportional to the concentration of air pollution. On the one hand, because children's bodies are growing, their breathing volume is 50% higher than that of adults. On the other hand, children live indoors for a long time, so they are more vulnerable to indoor air pollution. The more serious the pollution, the higher the abnormal rate of children's lung function. Severe air pollution will increase the risk of abnormal lung function in children by 30%-70%.

3. Office white-collar workers: White-collar workers who work in an environment with poor air quality for a long time are prone to dizziness, chest tightness, fatigue, emotional ups and downs, and the office environment has become an invisible chronic killer of health. According to an expert survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China, due to the relatively closed office space, poor air circulation, air pollution and low oxygen content, it is easy to reduce the metabolic capacity of the body and brain.

4, the elderly: the human body enters old age, various physical functions decline, and it is more susceptible to environmental factors to induce various diseases. Air pollution is not only an important cause of respiratory diseases such as tracheitis, pharyngolaryngitis and pneumonia in the elderly, but also causes diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cerebral hemorrhage, which may be life-threatening to the weak. According to the journal Circulation of the American Heart Association,1982,500,000 adults voluntarily participated in a survey on cancer prevention. The researchers analyzed the survey data, and said that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as respiratory diseases and heart diseases in the survey was related to the air pollution data of more than 50 cities in the United States Environmental Protection Agency/KLOC-0. The data shows that among the diseases caused by air pollution, heart disease patients are the majority.

5. Patients with respiratory diseases: Living in polluted air for a long time will lead to decreased respiratory function and aggravated respiratory symptoms, and some will also lead to diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema, and the prevalence of lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma will also increase. According to statistics, acute respiratory infection caused by air pollution causes about 4 million children to die every year in the world. Investigations at home and abroad show that respiratory tract infection is the most common disease in human beings, and its symptoms can range from recessive infection to life-threatening. In the indoor environment, especially in the environment with poor ventilation and crowded people, some deadly microorganisms can easily spread through the air and infect susceptible people. Some common diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, such as influenza, measles, tuberculosis and other respiratory infectious diseases, will spread indoors by air. The fact that SARS virus is rampant also fully shows that indoor biological pollution should not be underestimated!

Why use fresh air system?

In recent years, China's urban construction has developed vigorously, cities are changing with each passing day, and high-rise buildings have mushroomed. Taking Beijing as an example, over the past decade, more than 2,000 high-rise buildings with more than 20 floors have been built, and various functional buildings have emerged, including residential buildings, high-rise hotels, various comprehensive office buildings and commercial buildings all over the city. Especially office buildings and commercial buildings, are closely related to everyone's life. Due to the high concentration of people, dust and smoke produced by smoking, CO2 exhaled by human body, and various substances discharged from indoor decoration, the indoor air is dirty and the quality is poor. Even in modern buildings with air conditioning or ventilation equipment, people are still in a very turbid air environment, which is completely different from natural air, so "building syndrome" arises at the historic moment.

According to the statistics of the National Institute of Indoor Environmental Science and various monitoring departments, 30%-70% of the air pollution in cities, large clubs and residential buildings with high population concentration in China seriously exceeds the standard, resulting in a large number of sick building syndrome, office syndrome, respiratory tract infection, cardiovascular diseases, and symptoms such as mucous membrane and skin dryness, fatigue, headache, blushing and drowsiness. Excessive water vapor condensation on the wall will be beneficial to the growth of microorganisms. The test results show that the comprehensive air quality has been polluted, especially in high-density residential areas. Obviously, working in this air environment is not conducive to the health of residents and the improvement of work efficiency.

According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), the so-called "health" refers to being in a completely good state physically, mentally and socially, rather than simply referring to illness or infirmity. According to this definition, "healthy residence" refers to the residence that can make the residents in good physical, mental and social conditions. Specifically, the minimum requirements for "healthy housing" are as follows:

1, the concentration of chemicals that can cause allergies is very low;

2. Try not to use plywood and wall decoration materials that are easy to volatilize chemicals;

3. Install ventilation equipment with good performance to discharge indoor pollutants to the outside. Especially for houses with high air tightness and high thermal insulation, a central ventilation system with air ducts must be adopted for regular ventilation;

4, in the kitchen, bathroom or smoking places, to set up local exhaust equipment;

5. In the living room, bedroom, bathroom, corridor and bathroom, the temperature should be kept at 17-27℃ all the year round;

6. Indoor humidity should be kept between 40% and 70% all the year round;

7. The concentration of carbon dioxide should be lower than1000 ppm; ;

8. The concentration of suspended dust should be lower than 0.15mg per cubic meter;

9, noise should be less than 100 decibels;

The pollution of our indoor air comes from various ways:

Indoor air pollutants can come from outdoor air pollutants and indoor pollution sources. With the development and the change of people's lifestyle, the types and quantities of indoor air pollutants have also changed accordingly. On the one hand, under different regions, seasons, time and climate conditions, the types and quantities of pollutants in the atmospheric environment are very different, thus affecting indoor air quality; On the other hand, the application of new fuels, building materials and different lifestyles and activities of human beings also affect indoor air quality. Modern people spend about 80% of their life indoors, and indoor air quality is directly related to human health. Indoor air pollution has become a major issue that the public is highly concerned about and urgently needs to study.

1. Human activities-smoking

Human activities have a great influence on indoor air, among which smoking is an important source of indoor air pollution. Cigarette smoke contains many carcinogens, which is harmful to human health. Passive smoking among ordinary people indoors should be highly valued. Many studies have shown that the risk of lung cancer of passive smokers is obviously increased, and the relative risk can reach 1.40 or 2. 16 for women and 1. 16 for men. Studies have shown that passive smoking can also lead to an increase in the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, and the incidence of respiratory diseases has also increased. Passive smoking will damage children's lung function and increase the prevalence of respiratory diseases and allergic diseases. Studies have shown that passive smoking and smoking during pregnancy can also increase the incidence of asthma in children.

The human body itself is also the source of some pollutants, such as exhaled CO2 and human body odor. In recent years, keeping pets in many families has also led to an increase in the types and quantities of microorganisms in the air and a decline in indoor air quality.

2. Airborne microorganisms

Indoor polluted air contains a variety of pathogens, which can spread a large number of infectious diseases and lead to allergic diseases, such as influenza, measles, meningitis, scarlet fever, legionnaires' disease and so on. European studies show that reducing allergens in indoor air dust can significantly reduce the incidence of asthma in children and the concentration of 1gE antibody in blood.

Nowadays, many emerging high-rise buildings are closed, the indoor air environment is regulated by central air conditioning, and many families also use air conditioning. People who work in air-conditioned environment for a long time are prone to headache, dizziness, stuffy nose, eye irritation, nausea, runny nose, fatigue, irritability, dry skin, muscle and joint pain and other symptoms. It is called air conditioning disease, also known as "Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)". There are many reasons for SBS, mainly due to the long time of room closure, poor air mobility and insufficient supply of fresh air and oxygen. It causes the change of indoor temperature and humidity, leads to the reproduction of bacteria, germs, molds and other microorganisms, and can produce endotoxin and cause allergic reactions in the body. Some people think that this is related to volatile organic compounds existing in indoor buildings or decorative materials; Others believe that this is related to the lack of negative ions in the air.

3. Building and decoration materials

With the improvement of people's living standards and living conditions, the use of many modern buildings, decorative materials and various equipment has greatly changed the types and concentrations of pollutants in indoor air. Among them, formaldehyde, radon and volatile organic compounds (VOCS) are particularly noteworthy.

1) Formaldehyde is mainly used in the production of urea-formaldehyde resin, as an adhesive for new furniture, new floors and plywood, and in large quantities in the production of foamed plastics, as the enclosure structure of indoor heat-proof and cold-proof insulation materials. In these resins, there is often a small amount of formaldehyde with incomplete combination, which can be gradually released to pollute indoor air. Formaldehyde is a strong irritating substance, which has a strong stimulating effect on eye mucosa, nose and upper respiratory tract. Formaldehyde is also a mutant, and animal experiments show that it is carcinogenic to animals. At present, many countries (such as the United States, etc. ) Urea-formaldehyde foam has been banned as thermal insulation material for houses.

2) Radon can come from brick, concrete, stone, cement casting, soil and water supply system. It decays from radium, and its release is related to indoor exchange degree and indoor and outdoor temperature. The half-life of radon is 3.8 days, and the international standard of radon in indoor environment is 40Bq/m3. Many studies have confirmed that radon is a carcinogen, and long-term (15-40 years) exposure to radon can induce lung cancer. Some studies have also suggested that leukemia, renal tumors and malignant melanoma are related to radon, but it has not been confirmed. The methods to reduce indoor radon concentration include changing the pressure difference between buildings and soil, increasing indoor ventilation frequency and increasing indoor air circulation. If indoor radon concentration exceeds 200 Bq/m3, emergency measures should be taken.

3) VOCS are a kind of indoor air pollutants, which mainly come from benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, chloroform and so on in coatings and paints. VOCS can damage many systems of the whole body, especially the central nervous system.

4. Dust mites

Mainly from carpets made of wool, synthetic wool or acrylic fiber. In the humid and warm Jiangnan area, dust mites can easily grow on carpets (such as synthetic wool, which also emits VOC harmful gases). Dust mite is a strong allergen, whether it is alive, dead or molting, it will cause asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, urticaria and other diseases. According to the survey, there are generally 4 grams of dust per square meter of carpet, and there are at least 800 mites in each gram of dust. The number of dust mites in14m2 room can reach 44,800, which shows its seriousness. So people with allergies should not lay carpets indoors.

5. Air sanitation of underground buildings, working environment and special workplaces

With the development of China's economy and the need of urban construction, more and more people are engaged in underground construction, and the sanitation of underground buildings and working environment has gradually attracted people's attention. The environmental monitoring results of an underground commercial street in Harbin show that IP, oxygen consumption and noise all exceed the national health standards. Compared with the control group, the employees in this street felt more confused and confused at first, and their visual retention, hand agility, target tracking, digital decoding and simple reaction time were obviously worse than those in the control group. Subjective fatigue, dizziness, chest tightness, memory loss and loss of appetite were significantly higher than those in the control group. This result shows that the underground building environment must be improved. When formulating indoor air hygiene standards, we should pay full attention to the changes of neurobehavioral functions. In some special workplaces, people should pay enough attention to the special pollutants in the air.

Numerous pollution sources have seriously damaged the air environment around us. It is essential to introduce fresh air into the room, so that we can breathe fresh air at any time in today's environment, and a good ventilation system is a necessary condition to achieve these goals. A good ventilation system can not only exhaust the polluted indoor air to the outside, but also introduce the outdoor air into the room after treatment.

In particular, the spread of SARS virus around the world has made the world aware of the importance of ventilation.

Therefore, ensuring an efficient and reasonable fresh air system is the key factor to ensure indoor air quality and protect human physical and mental health.

Natural and fresh air is a necessary condition for people to live a high-quality and healthy life. Therefore, the most effective way to improve indoor air quality is to introduce outdoor fresh air directly into the room.

The central fresh air system is mainly composed of fresh air host, network management, air inlet, air outlet, air volume control valve and fresh air components. The fresh air main unit is placed in the machine room, balcony, ceiling and equipment room (or outdoor) of the building. During ventilation, harmful gases and dust discharge indoor dirty and harmful air out of the room through the exhaust pipe. Simple operation, avoiding the influence of noise on the room and the pollution of harmful gas on the body.

The central fresh air system can be divided into two categories: commercial type and household type from the use point of view. Commercial type is generally used in large shopping malls, office buildings and hotels, with large air volume and wind pressure; Household models are mostly used in apartments and villas, and the air volume and wind pressure are smaller than those of commercial models. Under special circumstances, they can also be applied to each other, that is, commercial fans are used for home use and household fans are used for business use.

In operation, it can be divided into two categories: self-balance and bidirectional flow heat recovery. Self-balance mainly refers to the air volume at each end of the system, that is, the air supply outlet and the air exhaust outlet, which can automatically adjust the cross section of the air outlet under different wind pressures to keep the air volume at the design air volume; Bidirectional flow heat recovery means that the system has a heat recovery device, a blower and an exhaust fan. Blower and exhaust gas have their own independent piping system. The incoming fresh air and the discharged dirty air pass through a heat recovery device after being filtered, so as to recover the heat of the discharged dirty air, thereby achieving the effects of recovering energy and keeping the indoor temperature constant.

At present, our central fresh air system has a large number of engineering examples all over the country, which has brought healthy, quiet and comfortable living space for our users. The central fresh air system used in high-rise apartments, high-grade office buildings and hotels greatly reduces the cost of property management and increases the use function of buildings.

References:

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