Where are the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty now? Did Xiong Yue?

In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), the flag system was formally established. When it was founded, there were four flags: yellow flag, white flag, red flag and blue flag. 16 14, the four banners were changed to yellow, white, red and blue for the benefit of the general public, and four yellow, white, red and blue banners were added to command the Manchu, Mongolian and Han armies. It is stipulated that every 300 people have one Niulu, one Niulu and five Niulu as a team, with one as the leader, one as Gushan, one as Gushan (commander-in-chief, flag owner) and one as the lieutenant, which is called Zuoyou Mailer (deputy commander-in-chief). In order to expand the army, Huang Taiji created the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of Han Army on the basis of the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty, and its establishment was the same as that of Manchu Eight Banners. The Eight Banners and Twenty-four Banners of Manchu, Mongolian and Han Dynasties constitute the whole of the Eight Banners system in Qing Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, the Eight Banners Army was divided into the Eight Banners who were forbidden to travel and the Eight Banners who were stationed. The flag of Huang Zheng is named for its pure yellow. Yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag are listed as the upper three flags. There is no king on the three flags, and they are all under the personal control of the emperor. Soldiers are the emperor's personal soldiers, and members of the royal family are also selected from the above three flags. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the most populous one in Eight Banners Manchuria, with 92 deputy chiefs and about 30,000 soldiers. The total population of men, women and children is about 6.5438+0.5 million, and the yellow flag is set in the southwest of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty, it was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (16 15), and it was named after the yellow edge and red edge of the flag. The yellow flag is one of the three flags. There is no king in the flag, and the soldiers are all the emperor's own soldiers. Members of the Royal Guards were also selected from the first three flags. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 84 full-time assistants and 2 part-time assistants, with about 26,000 soldiers and a total population of 65,438+3,000 men, women and children. Most members of the Qing royal family were decorated with yellow flags, such as Emperor Jiaqing's filial piety and Empress Rui, Emperor Qianlong's imperial concubine, Cixi, and Ci 'an (also known as the East Palace), and most senior officials in the imperial court were decorated with yellow flags. Zhenghongqi is one of the Eight Banners of Qing Dynasty in the east of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia. It was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (160 1), so it was named for its pure flag color. The red flag is the next five flags, which are divided by the king, Baylor and Beizi. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the flag with the least population among the Eight Banners, with 74 full-time commanders and 23,000 soldiers, with a total population of about 1 1.5 million men, women and children. The famous writer Lao She was originally transferred to Zhenghongqi; The big corrupt officials and gentry during the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty were also people who were honoring the red flag. The red flag is embedded in the eastern part of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia. Please be one of the Eight Banners. Built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), it was named after the red and white flag. The red flag is one of the later five flags, which was divided by two kings, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale reached 86 full-time commanders and 26,000 soldiers, with a total population of about 6.5438+0.3 million men, women and children. The favorite princess of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty was a person whose red flag could not fall. Zhengbaiqi is located in the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), Nurhachi was first built and named after a pure white flag. Zhengbaiqi is one of the first three of the Eight Banners. Before Shunzhi, the first three flags had no white flag, only one blue flag. Because at the beginning of Shunzhi, it became a custom for Dourgen to include the white flag in the first three flags and the blue flag in the last five flags. Zhengbaiqi is one of the flags of the emperor's pro-unification. There is no king in the flag, and the soldiers are the emperor's own soldiers, and the members of the royal family are selected from them. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 86 governors (basic hukou and military establishment units, 100-300 people as one unit), with about 26,000 soldiers and a total population of 6,543,800+0,300. Wanrong, the last empress of Qing Dynasty, was a native of Zhengbaiqi. Zhengbaiqi is in the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia today. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named after the flag with a white face and a red background. The white flag is one of the next five flags, which was not unified by the emperor, but divided by the kings, Baylor and Bashu. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 84 full-time leaders with about 26,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was about130,000. Zhenglan Banner is in the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia today, and lightning crosses the river, adjacent to Hebei. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (160 1), so it was named after its pure blue flag. Zhenglan Banner was tied with Huang Zheng as the upper three flags before Shunjie, and it was inlaid with yellow. At the beginning of Shunzhi, it was reduced to the next five flags by Dourgen, and was no longer unified by the emperor, but by the kings, Baylor and Beizi. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale had reached 83 full commanders and 1 1 half commanders, with 26,000 soldiers and a total population of men, women and children 1300. Zhenglan Banner is in the east of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named for its blue-red color. The blue flag is the last five flags, which are divided by Wang, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 87 full-time assistants and 1 half-time assistants, 27,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was135,000. Mr. Hou, a famous performing artist, is a man holding a blue flag. The establishment of Nuerhachi, the Eight Banners, won again and again in the war to unify the ministries of Jurchen. With the expansion of his power and population, he established four flags of yellow, white, red and blue in the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), which were called true yellow, true white, Zhen Hong and true blue, and the flags were all solid colors. In forty-three years, in order to meet the needs of the development of Manchu society, Nurhachi established the Eight Flags system on the basis of the original Niulu, that is, four flags (inlaid, white, red and blue) were added to the original four flags. Except for four colors, yellow, white and blue are all set in red, and red is set in white. Put everyone under the jurisdiction of Houjin in the flag. Three flags, yellow and inlaid with yellow and white, are called the upper three flags by the emperor himself, and the other five flags are called the lower five flags. Classification of the Eight Banners The Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. Among them, the main body of Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners is cavalry, and its ordinary soldiers are divided into three grades: cavalry, combat soldiers and garrison soldiers, and their salaries are decreasing in turn. Ordinary Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners men can take the exam every three years from the age of ten. If they meet the standards, they will be stationed in the army and enjoy the salary. After that, they can take a promotion exam every three years. After passing the exam, they will be promoted to a higher level and their salary will be increased. Whether you ride a horse or not, knights, warriors and guardians are all ranks. The Eight Banners of the Han Army, also known as Wuzhen Chaoha (heavily armed), are mainly artillery. Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty, including the Manchu, Mongolian and Han armies in the Eight Banners, lived in a fixed position when marching and camping. It is said that it is based on the theory of "five elements against each other". In the Eight Banners Tongzhi, there is the following record: "The two yellow flags are located in the north, and they can win water by borrowing soil. White flags on both sides are located due east, and gold is better than forest. Two red flags win gold in the fire in the west. The two blue flags are located in the south, and water is better than fire. The water is black, the flag refers to the six divisions, or it is difficult to argue at night, so it is replaced by blue. " According to the theory of yin-yang and five elements: the east is wood, the color is blue, and wood can overcome soil; The south belongs to fire, the color is red, and fire can produce soil and gold; The west belongs to gold, the color is white, and gold can produce water and wood; The north is water, black in color, and water can make wood fire; The central part belongs to soil, the color is yellow, and the soil can produce gold and water. Judging from the color and mutual resistance of the five elements, the orientation of the Eight Banners is exactly the same as that of the five elements: the two yellow flags belong to soil, and the soil can resist water, so it is in the north; The two red flags belong to fire, and fire can make gold, so they are located in the west; The two white flags belong to gold and golden wood, so the two white flags are located in the east; The two blue flags belong to water, and water can fire, so the two blue flags are located in the south. Overview of the Eight Banners System The legislation of the Ming Dynasty was gradually dispersed from the middle of the Ming Dynasty. It took more than a hundred years to finally fall. This is actually because our empire is too big for any new force to swallow in one gulp. Emperor Wanli, a godlike figure, fought six wars and won five, including a thorough defeat of the Japanese in Korea, but only lost the battle of Salhu, which indirectly led to the rise of Manchu and eventually ruled the whole of China. The Qing Empire established by Manchu people is usually regarded as a miracle. A nation with a population of only a few hundred thousand has conquered and firmly ruled the Han nationality areas with a population of nearly 100 million and the vast areas of Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang. But from another perspective, this figure is not surprising. In fact, the total population of bureaucrats and nobles in any era of the Chinese empire adds up to almost the same proportion. In other words, Manchu basically constitutes the new upper pyramid structure of the empire, and a small ethnic group can do this. The secret lies in the Manchu organization called the "Eight Banners System". The Eight Banners system is a social organization form of combining agriculture and war founded by the Qing emperor Nurhachi. The Eight Banners system is a social organization form of combining agriculture and war founded by the Qing emperor Nurhachi. It is the highest level unit of military and political integration. It is also called "Eight Banners" because it is distinguished by eight colors of military flags: yellow, white, red, blue, yellow, white, red and blue. Later, the Mongolian and Han nationalities conquered by the Manchus were compiled into the Eight Banners of Mongolia and Han together with the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and the 3824 Banner of Manchuria, but its core was the Eight Banners of Manchuria. The superstructure of the Eight Banners can be summarized as "connecting geography by blood and supporting political power by clan power." These two sentences are copied directly from the Western Zhou Dynasty, because they are too similar. The organization rules of Gushan series and Kara, Kara series and Lu Niu are standard pyramid structures. In fact, similar structures have appeared more than once in the whole legal history, such as the government and soldiers' organizations of Xianbei nationality, the fierce struggle of Jurchen nationality and the 108,000 households of Genghis Khan. Almost all emerging countries were organized in this way before they conquered China. Therefore, in the seventeenth century, the social development level of Manchu people had reached the level of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Judging from the legal power structure, this is a very strange empire, just like an old and aging body with a young and immature head. The Manchu society was experiencing a vigorous adolescence, and the newly learned principles of China's legal system were carried forward. As the main body of the Chinese legal system, the Chinese Society was led back to yesterday by foreigners in the state of "losing their brains". The problem of China's legal system is not how to return to the past more effectively, but how to face the transformation from organizational strength to resisting barbarian conquest to developing industrial and commercial economy. The radiation of the Qing Empire hindered this process. In this sense, the legal system of the Qing Dynasty was a great retrogression in the development of China's legal system.