Writing a composition, accelerant, catalyst or something?

1. What does the word "catalyst" mean? Definition of catalyst: Also called catalyst. According to the definition put forward by IUPAC in 198 1, a catalyst is a substance. It can change the reaction rate without changing the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction. This action is called catalysis. The reaction involving the catalyst is catalytic. Catalysts can cause changes in chemical reactions. Chemical reactions are accelerated or slowed down or carried out at lower temperatures. Catalysts are also called catalysts in industry. According to the definition in junior high school books, substances that can change the chemical reaction rate of other substances in chemical reactions, but their own quality and chemical properties have not changed before and after the reaction, are called catalysts, and the role of catalysts in chemical reactions is called catalysis.

2. Suffering is the best catalyst for growth. If suffering is the best catalyst for growth, I am willing to accept it with a smile.

-Inscription: "Heaven will descend to a great post. As a man, he must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, starve his body and skin, empty his body, and mess with his actions, so he must endure his heart and get what he can't do." Yes, as early as more than 2,000 years ago, Mencius discovered that suffering makes talents, and talents need to be honed in adversity.

The endless history has also proved this view with countless examples of talents. No.

1: Sima Qian's words touched Tian Yan and he was sentenced to prison. However, he didn't lose because of it.

On the contrary, he worked hard, read a lot of historical materials, visited mountains and rivers all over the world, and finally completed an immortal work of Chinese splendid culture for decades. Mr. Lu Xun praised it as "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme."

Imagine, without this great ordeal, Sima Qian might just be a little-known historian, and there would be no such historical masterpiece. Suffering is the best catalyst for growth.

No.2. Beethoven is a musical genius. At the peak of his musical career, his hearing declined day by day, so that he eventually lost his hearing.

However, he struggled with a strong will. He said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never make me yield!" " "He used his own life course to perfectly interpret the profound connotation of his handed down movement, the symphony of destiny.

Suffering is the best catalyst for growth. No.

3: Edison Some people say that he is really a genius. He smiled and said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."

In retrospect, when he studied the material of bulb filament, he experienced thousands of failures before finding a usable filament. It is his personality that has made him thousands of inventions.

Suffering is the best catalyst for growth. Now I am willing to accept the baptism of all suffering, and all suffering will become the best catalyst for my growth.

3. Constituent chemistry is the catalyst of human beings.

Clothes made of new synthetic fibers are soft and comfortable, cheap and durable.

From natural fibers to man-made fibers, to synthetic fibers now, from the original natural dyes to the present synthetic dyes and reactive dyes, all reflect the contribution of chemistry to the development of clothing. Chemistry has changed the initial covering function of clothing into the present beautiful, convenient and special functional function, which has greatly enriched the styles, materials and uses of clothing.

The application of new synthetic materials makes life more comfortable. Only wood, sand and stones are natural building materials, but they need to be bonded and protected with synthetic chemicals.

Cement is a chemical product, just like the adhesive used for laminates and the metal used for nails are all chemical products. Glass is made by chemists, and improved products such as heat-resistant glass (trade name Pyrex glass) become more tough.

Coatings are designed and created by chemists, and so are many modern solid materials. Plastic is artificial. They are used in kitchen and bathroom appliances, as well as bakelite and related materials, beverage bottles, tableware and utensils, and the trade name is Formica.

Porcelain is made by chemists and used for sinks and other fixtures in kitchens and bathrooms. Metals are made from ores by chemical changes.

Aluminum metal used to be a treasure in the laboratory, but now it can be easily extracted from alumina by electrochemical method. At least some carpets and decorative pleated fabrics should be colored with synthetic fibers and synthetic dyes.

Freezers and air conditioners use special chemicals as coolants; Gas stoves and gas stoves can use synthetic gas or natural gas, and the combustion process is still chemical change. Our room is heated by gas or fuel oil produced by the petroleum industry, which is refined and chemically improved from crude oil in nature.

We use synthetic chemical products and materials made by the chemical processing industry, such as gypsum or wallboard, exterior and roof panels, floor tiles and carpets, to isolate our buildings. The furnace itself and the pipes for distributing heat energy are made of chemical products, including metals, insulating materials and ceramics.

Electricity enters our home through copper wires covered with insulators, both of which are products of the chemical processing industry. Power sockets should be made of plastic and metal, and incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps for lighting should all be made of chemical products.

Even the water entering the house is chemically purified to remove pollutants and pathogenic bacteria. Before the use of modern sanitary facilities including chemical inspection and purification, polluted water was the main cause of various human diseases.

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New energy has revolutionized transportation and brought unprecedented convenience to people's travel. Everything in the car is the product of the chemical processing industry. Metal and paint are obvious, but in modern cars, the amount of plastic is very large.

Special plastics are chosen because they are strong and light. Lighter vehicles consume less fuel.

Rubber used to make tires is toughened by a process called vulcanization. Vulcanization is the chemical connection of rubber molecules, which makes the material more tough and practical.

The "rubber" hose in the engine compartment is not rubber at all, but a synthetic material with better oil resistance and heat resistance, similar to rubber. Antifreeze is a synthetic chemical; Battery is the product of chemistry; The interior of the carriage is usually made of synthetic or chemically tanned leather, and the seats are filled with synthetic foam.

The window is made of safety glass with a plastic interlayer in the middle to prevent it from breaking. Fuel oil and lubricating oil are petrochemical products with chemical additives in order to produce better anti-explosion behavior and make lubrication have better all-weather performance.

Sometimes, crude oil can be distilled to get fuel or lubricating oil, but there are also chemical methods to "crack" natural macromolecules in oil into smaller molecules by using gasoline catalysts. You can see some huge and towering distillation columns in the refinery; Other towers are used in chemical processing to produce more useful chemicals.

Various chemicals are added into lubricating oil to make it have better wear resistance and make it work within a certain temperature range. The modern application of chemistry is to install catalytic converter in automobile exhaust system to reduce pollution.

They use platinum, rhodium and other substances to convert nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons into less toxic chemicals. In the automobile industry, a large number of chemists participate in research and development.

In fact, chemists are the largest group of scientists in the laboratories of the three major American automobile manufacturers. They are developing better catalytic converters and trying to make fuel burn more thoroughly and reduce pollution (ignition itself is a chemical process, the essence of which has now been clarified).

Chemists are trying to change the painting method of vehicles to avoid using organic solvents. They also tried to replace more metal in cars with modern plastics and ceramics. At the same time, they are trying to improve batteries to make electric vehicles more attractive (the environmental chemistry of the automobile industry will be discussed in detail in Chapter 4). Planes have special requirements.

Without strong and light aluminum, there would be no airplane. It needs special plastic and special fuel.

Space flight even needs more specialized chemicals, including rocket fuel that can produce very powerful driving force and special clothes made of synthetic materials. Next time you take a bus, plane or space shuttle, please try to find something that is not a modern chemical product.

You won't succeed unless you find a piece of wood or some cotton or wool, but even so, they are chemically treated and coated: I asked about the catalyst. Are you mistaken? A: The application and progress of green catalysts Abstract] The research progress of heteropoly compounds as new green catalysts is reviewed, mainly introducing the research status of heteropoly compounds in petrochemical fields such as catalytic oxidation, alkylation and isomerization, and summarizing and commenting on their application and development prospects. [Keywords] Heteropoly compound; Green chemical catalyst; With people's increasing attention to environmental protection, epoxidized products are used more and more, and we are looking for a process that meets the requirements of the times.

I want to write the second or several episodes of Ode to Joy in my diary. In the second episode, five of them were trapped in the elevator and five of them were killed in the elevator.

Qu Xiaoyu was shocked when Andy showed up in the parking lot with a million luxury cars. When Andy stopped to leave, she took out her mobile phone and photographed Andy's car. As a woman, Andy has the ability to drive millions of Porsche, and Qu Xiaoyu decided that Andy was kept by others.

I will attend the training class of director Bai soon. She has a crush on director Bai. In order to make a good impression on Director Bai, she chooses clothes at home and plans to attend classes with Director Bai in the most beautiful posture. Guan Juer mentioned this matter to Mei Sheng, who came back from going out, and asked Mei Sheng to help Qiu Yingying choose decent clothes. Worried about the feelings that director Bai is playing with, he disapproves of taking the initiative to be nice to director Bai. Director Bai is the leader of the company, just a small clerk. Employees are generally not allowed to fall in love. If director Bai has an affair, he is likely to become cannon fodder and be fired by the company.

Director Bai sent a text message, and while he was away, he instructed Guan Juer to delete the text message sent by Director Bai.

The next day, after class, I returned to the community and revealed to the sisters that I had the opportunity to continue to follow Director Bai. Worried about being wet behind the ears, I have always disapproved of love with Bai.

Qu Xiaoyu returned to the community to take the elevator. Before entering the elevator, she mentioned Andy to Qiu Yingying. In Qu Xiaoyu's eyes, Andy lived a unearned life by being kept by others. Just as Kong was talking about Andy in front of him, Andy suddenly appeared behind Kong. Xiao Qu Kong turned around and saw Andy with a sullen face. He simply said that he was really speaking ill of Andy and decided that Andy was a mistress.

Several women entered the elevator to go upstairs, and the elevator suddenly broke down during the ascent. Mei Sheng quickly called the property. The property foreman said that he would repair the elevator as soon as possible.

The elevator space is limited, and everyone is in fear. In order to ease the atmosphere, Qiu Yingying chattered endlessly, but the result made everyone more and more afraid.

The owner finally opened the elevator, and Qiu Yingying and his party who were paralyzed in the elevator were freed and left the elevator with the help of the staff. Qu Xiaoyu is the penultimate person to leave the elevator. When she turned around, she saw Andy was pale and motionless. Her heart was full of care, and she asked Andy if he was all right. Andy shook his head and followed Xiao Qu Kong out of the elevator. Several women experienced a thrilling journey in the elevator, realized the value of life, and regarded each other as sisters who shared life and death.

Andy is a senior business elite on Wall Street. She was invited by Tan, a well-known boss, to return to China as the financial director of Tan Company. Since Andy first joined the company, his fame has spread all over the company.

5. What kinds of combustion improvers are there? Combustion improver includes combustion improver, slurry dispersant, water separator, emulsifier, ash modifier and catalyst.

Oil-soluble organometallic salts, such as naphthenates and sulfonates of magnesium, calcium, barium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper, are usually used as combustion improvers. Barium salt is the most effective to prevent black smoke from diesel combustion.

As slurry dispersant (in order to prevent slurry from forming in heavy oil asphalt), naphthenic acid, metal sulfonate, surfactant partially esterified with fatty acid and polyol, and polymer such as methyl lauryl acrylate-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate are commonly used.

Extended data

Mechanism of action

Take coal combustion improver as an example. Under the heating condition, the metal additive in the combustion improver is firstly reduced to metal, then the metal absorbs oxygen to oxidize the metal to oxide, and then the metal oxide is directly reduced by carbon, so that the metal is always in the redox cycle, switching back and forth between the metal and the oxide, and the oxygen atoms are constantly transferred from the metal to the carbon atoms, which accelerates the diffusion of oxygen and makes the combustion easier.

The metal ions in the combustion improver can be activated, so that their own electrons can be transferred to become electron donors, and the metal ions form holes, and the electronic structure on the carbon surface also changes. This charge transfer will accelerate some reactions, thus increasing the speed of the whole reaction and making carbon combustion more complete.