Ma Shuo's original text and translation notes

Ma Shuo's original text and translation notes

Ma Shuo expounded the reasons why feudal society buried talents, and attacked the social phenomenon that rulers didn't understand and destroyed talents. The following are Ma Shuo's original text and translation notes. You can have a look if you need it. I hope it helps you!

original text

Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse. A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by the hands of slaves, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough. (Insulting only one work: insulting only)

A horse can travel thousands of miles, and a stone can eat it all. People who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and still eat. This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it looks beautiful only because of lack of food and physical strength, and it is impossible to wait with an ordinary horse. Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles? (Horse eater: Hello)

If you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of it, but if you sing it, you can't understand its meaning. If it is implemented, we must face it and say, "There are no horses in the world!" Oh! Is it really innocent? I really don't understand horses!

translate

There is Bole in the world (first), and then there is a swift horse. There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. Therefore, even if there is a precious horse, it is only humiliated in the hands of servants and died in the trough (like ordinary horses), and it is not called a swift horse.

A horse that has traveled thousands of miles can sometimes eat a stone of grain after a meal. People who feed horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles to feed them (like ordinary horses). Although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its food intake and physical strength are insufficient, and its talents and virtues cannot be displayed outside. If you want to be an ordinary horse, you can't do it. How can you ask it to travel thousands of miles?

If you don't whip a swift horse in the right way, but you can't try your best to feed it, you can't understand its meaning by listening to its neighing. You face it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" " Alas, is there really no maxima? Probably I really don't know Maxima!

To annotate ...

1, Bole: Sun Yang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people were good at watching horses.

2. Maxima: Originally referred to a horse that is good at running, it can travel thousands of miles a day. Now it is often used as a metaphor for talents; Especially talented people.

3, and: the table turns. But, but ...

4, so although there are famous horses: so even if there are expensive horses. So: so. Although: even if. Name: expensive.

5, can only be humiliated in the hands of slaves: can only be humiliated (or buried) in the hands of the groom. Um (zhǐ): Just. Slave: it also refers to servants in ancient times, and here refers to people who feed horses.

Humiliation: this refers to the humiliation of burying talents.

6. Pian (pián) died between the trough (cáo) and the trough (Li): died in the stable (with the ordinary horse). Two horses rode side by side. Parallel death. Yes Trouser: A food container for feeding animals, extending to the stable.

7. Don't call it a thousand miles a day: Don't call it a thousand miles a day. A horse's ability to travel thousands of miles was buried. To: use. Say: famous.

8, the horse is thousands of miles away: it is a sign of post-attribute.

9, a food: eat a meal. Eat, eat.

10, or: sometimes.

1 1, Jin (1): Quan, as a verb here, means "eat up".

12, Xiaomi (Si): This refers to millet as well as grains.

13, stone (still read "shí"), capacity unit, ten buckets are one stone, and one stone is about 120 Jin. Thirty pounds is the king, and four kings are the stone.

14, horse eater: hello, hello.

15, which: refers to maxima, pronoun.

16, yes: this is a demonstrative pronoun.

17, although: although (different from the previous one, here refers to although)

18, ability: ability.

19, foot: that's enough.

20. Talent: Talent.

2 1, beauty: beautiful quality.

22, see outside (xiàn): performance outside. See: through "now", performance; appear

23, and: still.

24, desire: want.

25 and so on. : equivalent, the same.

26. Not available: Not available. Yes, it means that objective conditions permit.

27. Ann: Why, where, interrogative pronoun.

28. requirements: requirements.

29. Strategy: Drive it. Policy: spur, extended to spur, here refers to spur and control. Pronouns refer to a swift horse.

30. In its own way: in the right way. By: according to. Tao: The right way.

3 1, eat: eat, feed, feed.

32. Make the most of it: Make the most of it. This refers to feeding horses to give full play to their ability to travel thousands of miles a day. Material: pass the "talent" and be talented. Do your best (2): Do your best.

Ming: Ma Si.

34. Understand its meaning: Know its meaning.

35. hold: take it.

36. Policy: Whip.

37. Pro: Face it.

38. Alas: expressing surprise is equivalent to "alas".

39. Qi (1): Don't express rhetorical tone.

40, its (2): probably, indicating speculative tone.

4 1, evil: tong "ye", interrogative modal particle, meaning "ma"

42. Know: Know, understand, know.

Make an appreciative comment

Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, which is like an allegory rather than an allegory. Using metaphor to debate can't clearly express opinions, nor can it impose personal opinions on readers. The author describes the experience of Maxima with image thinking, presents facts, saves pen and ink to tell the truth, and uses function words (auxiliary words, exclamations and conjunctions) in ancient Chinese, which embodies the interest and artistic conception of singing and sighing. Bole's allusions have been quoted by Han Yu many times (see Preface to Letter of Recommendation, Sending Wen He Yang), which shows that Han Yu's fate is bumpy.

"There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse" is the previous question. "There is a swift horse, but there is no Bole", which is discussed from the opposite side. It shows that the trust relationship between Maxima and Bole is so close. In Han Yu's view, what the world lacks is not talents, but people who find talents. Therefore, what is revealed in the lecture is the author's feelings about the failure of talents, as well as the resentment and accusation against the rulers for burying and destroying talents.

"There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse." At the beginning, the strange peak rises, but it doesn't, pointing out the main idea of the full text. There is also a duality in this sentence, that is, "without Bole, there is no maxima", which shows that the fate of maxima depends on Bole. In other words, no one can identify a maxima except Bole.

"Only when you are humiliated by the hands of slaves will you die in the trough." It describes the sad experience that Maxima didn't meet Bole. The lines between the lines are full of the author's regrets.

"If you don't have enough food and strength, you will be beautiful." "Horse eaters don't know that they can eat thousands of miles." These two sentences reveal the fundamental reason why the talent of Maxima was buried. "I don't know", this is the key to the problem. A horse that can run thousands of miles a day sometimes eats up a stone of millet at a meal. That is to say, talent, skills and appetite are all special. People who feed horses don't know that they can run thousands of miles a day, so they usually feed them. How can you ask for a thousand miles a day?

"And if you want to wait with Chang Ma, you can't get it. Why not ask him to go to Wan Li Road? " Usually, horses are full, but swift horses are far from full; Of course, those who are not full can't compare with those who are full, so technology can't be brought into play naturally. This just shows that maxima can't display their skills if they are not properly fed. This sentence describes the pain that a swift horse cannot develop its talents because of hunger.

At this point, the author still feels that it is not enough, and then uses "singing without understanding its meaning" to further describe "people". Make the article vivid and profound, and also show the author's anger. The author didn't immediately condemn this "man" who didn't understand horses. But let him pretend that he doesn't know how to face a swift horse and say, "There are no horses in the world." This means that such a "person" is good in subjective motivation. It's not that he doesn't want to select talents. It is not that he has no heart to seek and use talents, but that there are too few talents. Obviously, there is something wrong with "people" subjectively, but it pushes the formation of this situation to the unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory objective conditions. There is a swift horse in front of us, but the horse eater laments that there is no horse in the world, thinking that it is just a horse that is not as good as a regular horse. This is the author's irony. When the article was written here, the author immediately pointed out the theme and used it. Is there really no horse evil? I really don't understand horses! Finally, the contradiction between "no horse" and "no horse" reached a climax. This is the result of Han Yu's concentration.

Brief introduction of the author

Han Yu (65438+768-February 25th, 824) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province). He called himself "County King Changli" and was called "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli". Officials, writers, thinkers and philosophers in the middle Tang Dynasty.

In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Han Yu won the top prize, was promoted twice, and was tired of supervising the imperial history. Later, he was demoted to Yangshan for deliberation and served as foreign minister, historian and China calligrapher. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he became the marching Sima of Pei Du, the prime minister, and participated in the fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". Later, he was demoted to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones. In his later years, the official to the assistant minister of the official department was called the "Korean official department". In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded The Book of Rites by posthumous title, hence the name "Han Wengong". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Changlibo was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple.

Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". Later generations, together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "vigorous words and appropriate expressions", "doing good deeds" and "acting according to words", have important guiding significance for future generations. There is an anthology handed down from generation to generation by Han Changli.

Overall view of Ma Shuo

First, the overall perception

"All things are not equal, but sound" (preface to seeing Meng Dongye off by Han Yu). In Han Yu's prose, there are many chapters expressing grievances, among which Ma Shuo is one. "Shuo" is an ancient argumentative style, which is used to state the author's views on some issues. Although it is argumentative, it pays attention to literary talent. "Ma Shuo" is about helping others. It is a metaphor that talented people can't meet wise masters. The author hopes that the rulers can identify and reuse talents so that they can give full play to their talents. The full text reposes the author's sense of resentment and poverty, satirizes, criticizes and accuses the rulers of burying and destroying talents.

These views and feelings of the author are expressed through concrete images. Based on the legends of Bole and Maxima, this paper compares talents to Maxima, compares ignorant and stupid rulers to horse eaters, and describes Maxima's experience of "being humiliated by slaves and dying in a trough", describes the failure of talented people all his life, and describes Maxima as "not having enough to eat and not having enough beauty"

Second, the problem research

What are the meanings of Bole and Maxima, and what is the relationship between them?

A swift horse is a metaphor for a talented person, and Bole is a metaphor for a person who can find and appoint talents or a wise monarch. A horse eater is a metaphor for a person who buries talents or an ignorant ruler. Bole comes first, then swift horse, which is common, but Bole is not. It is necessary to find and care for talents, otherwise talents will be buried, and talents are equal to no talents. In Han Yu's view, what the world lacks is not talents, but people who find talents. So what is revealed in the lecture is the author's resentment and dissatisfaction with the feudal rulers' burying talents.

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