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"A single spark can start a prairie fire", and a match can turn all property into ashes. A slight carelessness may lead to a fire accident, causing great losses to the lives and property of owners and property users.

Below, I will explain to you the basic knowledge of fire occurrence and prevention in fire safety management, to help you understand fire safety in time, so as to nip in the bud and deal with it correctly in case of fire.

Conditions of ignition and combustion

Combustion, commonly known as fire, refers to the chemical reaction of combustible substances with oxygen or oxidant to release heat, usually accompanied by flame and smoke.

The combustion process must meet three conditions: combustible, combustion-supporting material and ignition source. Without any of these conditions, combustion can't happen.

1. Combustible: All substances that can react with oxygen or other oxidants in the air and cause combustion are collectively called combustible.

Combustible materials are divided into three categories:

(1) gaseous combustible (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. )

(2) Liquid combustible substances (gasoline, alcohol, etc.). )

(3) solid combustible materials (wood, clothing, etc.). )

2. Combustion-supporting materials: any substance that can help and support the combustion of combustible materials, that is, substances that can undergo oxidation reaction with combustible materials are called combustion-supporting materials (such as air, oxygen, potassium permanganate, etc.). ).

3. Ignition source: Any energy that can cause the combustion reaction between combustible substances and combustion-supporting substances is called ignition source.

Ignition sources are divided into: open flame, chemical heat energy, electric heat energy, light energy, etc. Different combustibles need different ignition energy. The higher the temperature of the ignition source, the easier it is to cause combustible combustion.

Basic measures to prevent fire

Fire prevention is to eliminate the burning conditions and prevent them from happening, so as to achieve the purpose of fire prevention.

1, control combustible materials

Specific methods are:

(1) Control the storage of combustible materials.

(2) replacing flammable or combustible materials with flame retardant or incombustible materials.

(3) dip-coating combustible materials with fireproof paint

(4) Keep combustible materials in a good ventilation state, so as to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, steam and dust, and control their concentration within the lower explosion limit.

2, isolation combustion-supporting materials

Isolation of combustion-supporting materials is to destroy combustion-supporting conditions.

Specific measures are:

(1) The production of inflammable and explosive articles should be carried out in closed equipment.

(2) Store inflammable articles in isolation from air.

(3) The transformer is filled with inert gas for fire prevention.

(4) Close fire doors and windows to cut off air convection.

(5) Cover combustible liquid with sand and soil.

3, eliminate the ignition source

Eliminating the ignition source is to destroy the heat energy of combustion.

Specific measures are:

(1) Install lightning protection and explosion-proof devices.

(2) Take measures such as temperature control and shading to avoid ignition sources.

(3) Firewalls are set between buildings, and fire shutter doors are set.

Basic methods of fire fighting

1, asphyxiation fire extinguishing method

Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to take appropriate measures to prevent the air from flowing into the combustion zone or dilute the oxygen content in the air with incombustible and inert gases according to the condition that the combustible needs enough air (oxygen) to extinguish the combustible without oxygen.

2, cooling fire extinguishing method

The cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray water or fire extinguishing agent directly on the combustible substance according to the condition that the combustible substance must reach a certain temperature when burning, so as to reduce the temperature of the combustible substance below the ignition point and stop the combustion.

3, isolation fire extinguishing method

The isolation fire extinguishing method is based on the condition that there must be combustible materials when the combustion occurs, and the combustible materials adjacent to the combustible materials are isolated to prevent the combustion from spreading further.

4. Restrain fire extinguishing methods

The suppression fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the burning object to make it participate in the combustion reaction, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, thus ending the combustion.