How did Zhuge Liang seize Jingzhou and Yizhou? Urgent! Junior high school history

It is Zhuge Liang's long-planned plan to seize Jing and Li, and Liu Bei will establish an inheritance in Longzhong. But to put it into practice, it is not smooth sailing. Zhuge Liang left Longzhong for two years and experienced such a test of success or failure. Although Liu Bei has gained limited territory in Jingzhou now, if Zhou Yu has been stationed in Jiangling, it will be impossible to go west to Yizhou. Even if he cannot expand in Jingzhou, he will be restricted by Soochow everywhere. Zhuge Liang tried to change this passive situation. Although he discussed with Liu Bei repeatedly, he always felt that Liu Bei insisted on going to Soochow to see Sun Quan himself and asked Sun Quan to give up Jingzhou, north of the Yangtze River, because he was afraid of trouble. But in this matter, Liu Bei is still very determined. Zhuge Liang insisted on going despite repeated discouragement.

According to Liu Bei's idea, although the trip was "out of danger, it was not foolproof", but Sun Quan was "in the north" at that time, and he had to rely on his "help" to rule Cao Cao, which may not affect him. Zhuge Liang listened to Liu Bei's idea, although he was a little worried, but seeing that Liu Bei had made up his mind, he only told him to discuss everything with Lu Su in case anything happened.

Liu Bei went to Jiangdong and joined Sun Quan at Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). Originally, they were related by blood, and it was the first time that two contemporary heroes met, so they naturally admired each other. As Zhuge Liang expected, when Liu Bei raised the issue of "Commander in Chief of Jingzhou", Sun Quan was very reluctant and had to say that Jiangling was laid by Zhou Yu in a bloody battle. I'm afraid it will be difficult for a while, so he has to discuss it with Zhou Yu. Sun Quan asked Liu Bei not to act too hastily, but to take a long-term view.

Sun Quan secretly sent someone to inform Zhou Yu to make a decision. Zhou Yu immediately sent a letter to Sun Quan, clearly indicating his position and making suggestions to Sun Quan:

Liu Bei, with his brave talents and generals such as Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Xiong Hu, will not be used for a long time. Foolish thought that the plan should be moved to prepare for Wu, build a palace, and play with beautiful women more to entertain the eyes and ears; Separate the two men and stand aside, so that people like Yu Can can attack and attack, and major events can be decided. It's a waste of money to cut land for the capital industry today, so to get these three people together and go to the battlefield is to be afraid that the dragon will get rain and there will be nothing in the pool.

It is not difficult to see that the romance said that Zhou Yu used a honey trap, which is probably the result of processing. But this is completely different from the record of Sun Quan's "marriage" in history. If Zhou Yu's plan to house arrest Liu Bei at this time is called "honey trap", it is also caused by Liu Bei's "borrowing Jingzhou" after Sun and Liu became married.

After receiving this letter from Zhou Yu, Sun Quan immediately invited Lu Su and Lv Fan to comment on Zhou Yu's letter. Sun Quan invited Peng Ze to be the satrap of Lv Fan, because when Liu Bei arrived in Jiangdong, Lv Fan asked him to "keep a secret" and suggested that Liu Bei be placed under house arrest in Jiangdong. This is completely consistent with Zhou Yu's opinion. On the other hand, Lu Su totally contradicts the opinions of Zhou Yu, Lv Fan and others. Only he set out from the overall situation of "* * * according to Tsao Gong" and urged Sun Quan to lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei. In order to comprehensively balance the opinions of both sides, Sun Quan invited two representatives together. Needless to say, Lv Fan fully agrees with what Zhou Yushu said, thinking that this is an excellent opportunity, and hopes that Sun Quan will make a decisive decision.

Lu Su explained to Sun Quan: "Although the general is brave and powerful, his strength is not comparable to that of Cao Cao. Besides, we have just arrived in Jingzhou, and it is not good for Jingzhou people. In my opinion, it is better for us to lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei and let him appease Jingzhou. Because to do so is to add an enemy to Cao Cao. Isn't this the best solution? " Lu Su's words are the tail from wagging the dog, and even Sun Quan can't refuse.

Although Sun Quan ignored the advice of Zhou Yu and Lv Fan and put Liu Bei under house arrest, he felt very depressed. Just after he and Zhang Zhao, Lu Su and others sent Liu Bei away, he was about to send someone to Jiangling to invite Zhou Yu to discuss the matter, but Zhou Yu came uninvited.

Knowing that Liu Bei had left, he was going to see Sun Quan, but he was helpless, but it was irreparable. Therefore, he was about to provide Sun Quan with another strategy. He said: "Cao Cao has lost his prestige since the defeat of Chibi, and now he is committed to stabilizing internal affairs. It is impossible to compete with us any more. This is a good opportunity. Let me invade and occupy Shu with General Sun Yu, and then annex Zhang Lu. Sun Yu will stay there, get married and support each other. Then I will come back and attack Xiangyang in the north with the general and catch up with Cao Cao. It is not difficult to lay the north. " Obviously, the support is because Sun Quan doesn't want to fall out with Liu Bei, so he wants to avoid Jingzhou and develop westward, and finally compete with Cao Cao for the Central Plains. Sun Quan was deeply influenced by this spirit of supporting the army at that time. He not only immediately agreed to support the plan, but also sent messengers to send books to the police, asking Liu Bei to "* * * take Shu".

When Liu Bei received a letter from Sun Quan, he opened it and was surprised. He immediately handed it to Zhuge Liang and wrote:

Zhang Lu, a rice thief, lives in Shu, for Cao Cao's eyes and ears and seeks profit. Liu Zhang cannot defend itself unless it is armed. If you fuck Shu, Jingzhou will be in danger. Now I want to capture Zhang alive, win over Zhang Lu and unify Wu Chu from beginning to end. Although I have ten exercises, I have nothing to worry about.

Sun Quan and Zhou Yu's move completely contradicted Zhuge Liang's plan of going west to Yizhou Longzhong. Zhuge Liang suggested writing back to Sun Quan immediately to stop him, and making emergency arrangements at the same time. The messenger reported to Liu Bei:

Prepare and (Liu) Zhang for the imperial clan, and rectify the Han Dynasty by heroism. Now that Zhang has offended the left and right, he is afraid. He is willing to expand the loan. If you are not invited, get ready to release it to the mountains.

This is simply pleading for Liu Zhang. Otherwise, Liu Bei will be out of the mountain, which will give Sun Quan no room for consideration. At that time, Sun Quan had ordered Sun Yu to lead the water army into Xiakou.

Coincidentally and unexpectedly, Zhou Yu, who was ambitious, died in Baling (now Yueyang, Hunan) on her way back to Jiangling. When Sun Quan learned of Zhou Yu's death, he cried and said, "Gong Jin had Wang Zuo, but now it is short-lived. Why does he want to be alone? " At this time, how did Sun Quan go to Sichuan? To make matters worse, he received a report that Zhuge Liang had deployed troops to protect the riverbank, so he immediately sent someone to recall Sun Yu. It is obviously not a historical fact that Zhou Yu met Liu Bei and prepared Zhuge Liang to get angry.

When Zhou Yu died, Shang Shu told Sun Quan:

In today's world, there is something to do, which is what Yu Nai is worried about at night. May the Supreme Treasure save for a rainy day and be happy. Now we are enemies of Cao Cao. Liu Bei is close to the public security, and the border is close, and the people are not attached to themselves. It is appropriate to find a good general to help them guard the town. Lu Su is wise enough to replace Yu. I was exhausted on the day of my downfall.

This letter fully embodies Zhou Yu's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his unfulfilled ambition. Before he died, he calmed down. Starting from "being an enemy of Cao Cao" and considering the situation of "people living in poverty" next to Liu Bei, he can't help but realize that it is unrealistic to solve the Jingzhou problem at this time. To deal with Cao Cao, he had to unite with Liu Bei. He especially recommended Sun to form an alliance with Liu.

It was after replacing Zhou Yu that Lu Su once again suggested to Sun Quan to "lend" Jingzhou to Liu Bei. At this time, Sun Quan complied. After Lu Su went down from Jiangling to Tunlukou (now west of Jiayu County, Hubei Province), Liu Bei moved the Jinzhi Station from the police to Jiangling. Guan Yu was the prefect of Xiangyang, and General Dangkou was stationed in Jiangbei. It is advisable for Zhang Fei to be the prefect of the capital and the general to be stationed in Nanjun. In the north, Cao Cao heard that Sun Quan was "preparing for real estate" and reported the news to Liu Bei, so he couldn't help but "put pen to paper". In Cao Cao's view, Liu Bei is a hero. Once he has more territory, his potential will grow. This is enough to show his inner fear and anxiety.

Since then, Liu Bei has acquired nearly most of the land, and basically realized half of Zhuge Liang's strategy of "going over mountains and benefiting one side", and the westward advancement of Yizhou was naturally put on the agenda.

Yizhou, not only Sun Quan is interested, but Cao Cao is also interested. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao was heavily stationed in Xiangyang and Fancheng, and marched west into Guanzhong to solve the forces such as Ma Chao and Han Sui. The purpose is to clear the way, take Hanzhong from Guanzhong and define the state. Once this situation is formed, as Sun Quan said in his letter inviting Liu Bei to take Shu, "If you fuck Shu, Jingzhou will be in danger." Just when Sun Quan invited Liu Bei to take Shu with him, some people in Liu Bei's group advocated accepting Sun Quan's invitation. They believe that after the establishment of Shu, "Wu can't cross the Jing and get Shu, and Shu can be his own." Yin Guan, the chief bookkeeper of Jingzhou, thinks it is too dangerous to do so. He analyzed: "If you are the pioneer of Wu, you can't conquer Shu, but if you retreat to Wu, you will go." With Zhuge Liang's wisdom, it can't be here. Thus, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao, Sun and Liu were all in a changeable political situation. In order to pursue reunification, any one who has the overall situation may be swallowed up by another one or two.

At that time, under the premise that Sun and Liu formed an alliance to contain Cao Cao, Liu Bei was in an extremely unfavorable position, unable to compete with Cao Cao in the north, and it was impossible to abandon the alliance to take advantage of Sun Quan. He had to follow Zhuge Liang's strategic plan and achieve his first important goal, "crossing the Jing River for profit".

During this period, after Zhou Yu's death, Zhou Cao sent Pang Tong to Wu for a funeral. He doesn't want to stay in Jiangdong, and plans to go back to Jingzhou. He was recommended by Lu Su and Zhuge Liang and highly valued by Liu Bei. He was second only to Zhuge Liang in personal treatment, and became a military commander with Zhuge Liang. Pang Tong also analyzed the importance and necessity of seizing Yizhou for Liu Bei from Jingzhou post-war and Liu Bei's situation at that time. He said: "Jingzhou is barren and disabled, and the people are in poverty. There are Wusun in the east and Cao Shi in the north. It's hard to succeed. Today, Yizhou is rich and powerful, with a registered permanent residence of one million and four soldiers and horses. It is necessary to produce, and there is nothing to ask for, which can be used for today's major events. " Hearing this, Liu Bei said that Cao Cao was his "incompatible enemy". Take the place of Cao Cao to seize Yizhou and become an unknown teacher. As the saying goes, "I don't take things from faithless people in the world because they are small." In this regard, Pang Tong pointed out to Liu Bei: "Chance cannot be fixed together. It's uncle Wu's business to attack ignorance with cowardice. Obedience, repay kindness with righteousness, and after the matter is settled, seal it as a big country. Why did you lose to the letter? " Pang Tong specially reminded Liu Bei: "If you don't take it today, it will be beneficial to others."

Pang Tong's words really touched Liu Bei's heart. Based on his half-life experience, he knows this very well: judging from the war in Jingzhou two years ago, if Cao Cao goes south and Liu Congju surrenders to Jingzhou, he will listen to Zhuge Liang's advice and seize Jingzhou from Liu Congren. Why did he suffer such a fiasco in Dangyang Changban, which made Jingzhou people suffer even greater disasters? It is necessary to "be reasonable and should be righteous." If you want to do great things, you will never succeed by sticking to the rules. Pang Tong was right. "When something happens, you can't practice together." When the stakes are high, how can we tie our hands and feet with simple beliefs? The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period were "weak and ignorant", didn't they all have heroic feats!

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 1 1), that is, in the second year of Pang Tong's defection to Liu Bei, while Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and Liu Bei were discussing the harvest of Sichuan, Liu Zhang, the animal husbandry of Yizhou, sent Fazheng to Jingzhou to welcome Liu Bei into Shu. Why are things so coincidental? Let's start with Cao Cao's trip to Jiangling. At that time, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Zhang Song to settle in Jingzhou this time. Zhang Song wants to take refuge this time. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao was arrogant because of his victory and showed no courtesy to Zhang Song, which made Zhang Song feel resentful. When Cao Cao was defeated in the north and Zhang Song returned to Chengdu, he "destroyed" Cao Cao to Liu Zhang, urging him to cut off contacts with Cao Cao and make friends with Liu Bei. Zhang Song said to Liu Zhang, "Liu Yuzhou and you are cousins and can be your confidant. You'd better make friends with him. " Liu Zhang adopted Zhang Song's suggestion, and according to Zhang Song's recommendation, sent out people to Jingzhou with Liu Beitong. Soon, Fa Zheng and Meng Da were sent to Liu Bei to help defend.

It turns out that Zhang Song and Fa are good friends, and they often talk privately together, thinking that following Liu Zhang's "doing something for nothing" can't be a big deal. Zhang Song's previous trip to Jingzhou was extroverted. Being snubbed by Cao Cao, he turned to the prestigious Liu Bei for help. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhang Song recommended Fa to Jingzhou just to let his good friend feel the bottom of Liu Bei. Sure enough, Fa Zheng came back from Jingzhou and told him that Liu Bei was "brave". Therefore, Zhang Song and Fa Zheng "conspired to conform to the rules, willing to be honored by * * *", and prepared to * * * acclaimed Liu Bei as the Lord of Yizhou, waiting for an opportunity. From the words of Zhang Song and Fazheng, it fully proves the status quo of "wise men see wisdom" in Yizhou, which Zhuge Liang said when analyzing the situation to Liu Bei in Longzhong.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Mulongzhong of Yizhou learned that Cao Cao was going to fight Hanzhong, and he was "afraid". Zhang Song and Fazheng thought the time had come. Zhang Song said to Liu Zhang, "Cao Gong's soldiers are invincible in the world. If Zhang Lu's capital is used to make progress in Sichuan, who can resist it? " Zhang Song went on to say: "Now the generals in the state, such as Pang and Li Yi, are arrogant and arrogant, and they all want to have foreign intentions. If the enemy attacks from the outside and these people take the opportunity to make trouble inside, it will be too dangerous. " Zhang Song's words are talking about the root of Liu Zhang's internal and external troubles. Liu couldn't help sighing: "I'm worried about this, and I haven't figured out a way yet." Zhang Song exulted in his heart and calmly suggested to Chapter VI: "Liu Yuzhou is as close as brothers to you, but he has a deep hatred with Cao Cao and is good at fighting. If you invite them and use them to attack Zhang Lu, you will win. " Edward Zhang is broken and Yizhou is strong. What can we do? "

Liu Zhang and Liu Bei had made friends. At this time, after listening to Zhang Song, he was completely convinced and immediately sent Fazheng to Jingzhou to welcome Liu Bei into Shu. And used "huge" money as a gift to Liu Bei before and after.

When Fa Zheng arrived in Jingzhou, he told Liu Bei "Chen Yizhou's desirable strategy" and said, "To show the talents of a general, take Liu Zhang's Confucianism and be weak, and add Zhang Song, a wise man from Yizhou, it will be successful. Then relying on the wealth of Yizhou and relying on the danger of abundance to complete the great cause is a piece of cake. " Fa Zheng also presented a detailed map of Sichuan's mountains and rivers, which made Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong "know the facts of Yizhou like the back of their hands". Therefore, Liu Bei began to realize the second half of the plan of "crossing the scenic spot for profit"

After discussing with Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong, Liu Bei decided to leave Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou. Liu Bei led Pang Tong, Huang Zhong, Wei Yan and other counselors into Shu. Just as Fa was about to leave for Jingzhou to meet Liu Bei, Huang Quan, the chief bookkeeper of Yizhou, and Wang Lei both remonstrated with Liu Zhang, especially Wang Lei's "self-immolation of the state gate to set the record straight", and Liu Zhang refused to follow. When he learned that Liu Bei had left for Shu, he ordered him to "welcome guests and make a confession", which made Liu Bei feel at home. Liu Bei led an army to Baling (the county governs Jiangzhou, now Chongqing), and the governor of Baling sighed: "The so-called lonely mountain, let the tiger defend itself!"

Liu Bei took the water channel from Dianjiang (now Hechuan, Sichuan) in the north of Jiangzhou to Fucheng (now east of Mianyang, Sichuan). Liu Zhang personally rode more than 30,000 people. "The car is draped and the moon is bright and bright." He rushed to Fucheng, 360 miles away from Chengdu, to meet Liu Bei. When Liu Bei arrived in Fucheng, Liu Zhang personally drove him out, saying "brief encounter".

At about this time, Zhang Song asked Fazheng to secretly present a plan to Liu Bei: when he met Liu Zhang, he could attack and kill Liu Zhang. Liu Bei did not obey, thinking that "this is also a major event and cannot be rushed." Pang Tong also offered a plan to Liu Bei: "If we seize the opportunity of meeting Liu Zhang now and arrest him, then the general can sit in Yizhou without fighting." Liu Bei still refuses to accept. Because Pang Tong is his confidant, Liu Bei couldn't help letting Pang Tong know his actual thoughts, so he said frankly to Pang Tong: "We just arrived and have no gratitude to the people, so we can't do this."

Liu Zhang and Liu Bei lived in Fucheng for three months. Liu Zhang chose Liu Bei as Fu, took charge of a captain, and Liu Bei chose Liu Zhang as the general of Zhenxi, taking charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. During this period, Liu Zhang sent more troops to Liu Bei and asked him to go north to crusade against Zhang Lu. He also placed the Baishuiguan garrison (now east of Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province) under the command of Liu Bei. 200,000 hectares of rice, 4,000 horses, thousands of cars, and a lot of cotton and silk were given to Liu Bei. After all the arrangements were made, Liu Zhang returned to Chengdu.

When Liu Bei arrived in Meng (now southwest of Guangyuan, Sichuan), he stopped and said, "If you don't win Lu, you must be kind to everyone." . At this moment, suddenly received a report from Zhuge Liang, saying that Sun Quan sent someone to take Mrs. Sun back to Soochow, and when Mrs. Sun came back, she almost took Adou with her. Fortunately, Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei broke the river and brought Adou back. When Liu Bei got this report, he felt that things were not simple and that the problem of Yizhou should be solved as soon as possible.

In the second year, Baishui Guanshoujiang Yang Huai and Liu Bei had no intention to win Zhang Lu, and secretly sent someone to report to Liu Zhang, suggesting that the troops be sent back to Jingzhou as soon as possible. When Pang Tong learned the news and thought the situation was critical, he immediately put forward three plans to collect Sichuan from Liu Bei: First, he secretly selected a good soldier and attacked Chengdu, which was the best plan; The second is to cut off Baishui Guan Shoujiang Yang Huai. Gao Pei, his department, and then directly take Chengdu, which is the recruit; The third is to return, connect Jingzhou and enter the Song Dynasty, which is the next step. Pang Tong reminded Liu Bei: "If you hesitate again, you will be in big trouble and regret it." Liu Bei's plan is too hasty and his plan is too slow. He "then fell into the trap" and thought the trap was relatively stable.

Just then, Sun Quan heard the news of Cao Cao's expedition to the south and asked Liu Bei to go back to "save himself". Regardless of Sun Quan's intentions, he gave Liu Bei an excuse. So Liu Bei sent a book to Liu Zhang according to the plan, saying that Cao Cao attacked Sun Quan, that Sun Quan and he were "as close as lips and teeth" allies, and that Zhang Lu was a "homemade thief", so don't worry. And borrowed Liu Zhang's book "Wan Bing Liang Zi" from Liu Zhang, which backfired. He only promised to give it to 4,000 soldiers, but "gave it to the other half". Liu Bei angered all the people in the Ministry: "I have recruited a strong enemy for Yizhou, and I have come all the way to fight hard." I don't even have the manpower and material resources. How can we be willing to work for him? "

At this time, Zhang Song had an accident in Chengdu again. It turned out that Zhang Song heard that Liu Bei was going back to Jingzhou, which was not exact. He hurriedly wrote to ask Liu Bei and Fa Zheng, "Why do you want to leave when you see that you are finished?" Before the letter was delivered, his brother Zhang Su, the prefect of Guanghan, reported to Liu Zhang that he was "afraid of disaster and himself". So Liu Zhang beheaded Zhang Song, and informed all the passes to take strict precautions and cut off contacts with Liu Bei. Liu Bei was furious when he learned this. He immediately called the Baishui Guan Shoujiang Yang Huai and Gao Pei, "blaming them for being rude" and killed them. From then on, Liu and Zhang officially broke up, which opened the prelude to a bumper harvest in Sichuan.

After Liu Bei and Bai Shuijun merged, Huang Zhong and Zhuo Ying took the lead and sent troops south to return to Fucheng. In the 18th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 13), Liu Zhang heard that Liu Bei had taken the Fucheng, and hurriedly ordered Liu Gui, Lengbao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian and Wu Yi to stop attacking. All defeated and surrendered to Mianzhu (now Deyang North, Sichuan). Wuyi led his men to surrender. Liu Zhang sent Li Yan to supervise Mianzhu armies for Fucheng. After the defeat, Li Yan led the crowd to surrender to Liu Bei. Zhang Ren and Liu Gui withdrew, and Liu Xun, the son of Liu Zhang, held fast to Luocheng (now Guanghanbei, Sichuan). At this time, Lengbao's military strength was greatly boosted. While the soldiers pacified Yizhou County, they attacked Luocheng with Pang Tong's advancing army.

The battle of Luocheng is the key battle for Lengbao troops to decide Yizhou. This summer, when Liu Bei marched into Los Angeles, Zhang Ren, a famous Chengdu native in Sichuan, dared to underestimate his enemy and led his army out of Yanqiao, south of Los Angeles. After the defeat, he was captured by Pang Tong. Liu Bei heard of Zhang Ren's loyalty for a long time and ordered him to surrender. Zhang Ren snapped back: "I can never serve Sir Zhong again!" Lengbao sighed and had to kill him. Since Zhang Ren was captured, Liu Xun never dared to fight again. Leng Bao and Pang Tong commanded troops to besiege Luocheng for one year. It was not until the following summer that Los Angeles was built. It was also in the fierce battle to capture Los Angeles that Pang Tong, a 36-year-old strategist, was shot to death with an arrow.

According to the romance, Pang Tong and Lengbao split their forces to attack Los Angeles, and Pang Tong was shot dead by Zhang Ren's disorderly arrows on the Phoenix Slope. Zhuge Liang suffered from Pang Tong, so he went from Jingzhou to Sichuan, dispatch troops to Los Angeles, and managed to capture Zhang Ren alive and behead him at Jinyanqiao. Obviously inconsistent with historical facts.