Geographical common sense

World Hot Pole: Basra (Iraq) Record: 58.8℃

World Cold Pole: The lowest record near the South Pole (Dongfang Station) is 89.2℃

The area with the largest annual temperature difference: Yogyakan and Oymyakam (annual temperature difference 107.7℃, Russia) and the area with the smallest annual temperature difference: Quito (annual temperature difference 0.6℃, Ecuador).

World wet pole: waialeale (an island in the Pacific Ocean) has an average annual rainfall of 335 days, with annual precipitation of12244 mm.

World dry pole: The average annual precipitation in Atacama Desert (South America) is less than 0. 1mm, and there is no rain from 1845 to 1936.

World Rain Pole: Kilapangqi (India), annual precipitation 1084 1mm, annual precipitation 186 1, 20447mm.

The annual precipitation of Kavikinney Mountain (Hawaiian Islands) is 1 1684 mm.

The highest mountain: Mount Everest (8844.43 meters above sea level).

The highest mountain range and peak in the world: Himalayas (there are more than 50 peaks above 7000 meters above sea level)

The highest peak of the structure from the bottom to the top: Monaque Asia (Hawaiian Island, 4205 meters above sea level, 5998 meters under the sea, total height 10203 meters).

The largest mountain and volcano on earth: Mauna Loa volcano (Hawaii Island, elevation 4 169 meters, volcanic volume 75,000 cubic kilometers).

The highest volcano and extinct volcano on the earth: Aconcagua Mountain (6960 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the southwest hemisphere).

The highest active volcano on earth: Ojos del salado volcano (6893 meters above sea level).

The highest mountain on the island: puncak jaya (New Guinea, 4884 meters above sea level).

Longest land mountain system: Andes (7500 km long)

The longest undersea mountain range: mid-ocean ridge (80,000 kilometers long).

Lowest volcano: Gexi volcano (Gexi volcano in Japan, 1 12m high).

The longest mountain system: Cordillera Mountain System.

The largest crater: Mount Asu (perimeter100km, Japan).

Volcano with the most eruption times: Mount Etna (2 10, Italy).

The deepest and largest sinkhole: Xiaozhai sinkhole in Fengjie, Chongqing, China.

The longest river: Nile (Africa)

The largest plateau: Brazil Plateau (Brazil)

The highest plateau: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China)

The largest lake: Caspian Sea.

The deepest lake: Lake Baikal (Russia, with the most fresh water)

The largest plain: Amazon Plain (Brazil)

The largest basin: Congo basin (Africa)

The largest desert: Sahara Desert (Africa)

The largest peninsula: Arabian Peninsula (Asia)

The largest island: Greenland (North America)

Deepest trench: Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean,-1 1034 m).

[Edit this paragraph] The most astronomical

Astronomical research

The world's earliest record of Halley's comet (currently recognized): China's Historical Records of Qin Shihuang.

The earliest record of Halley's comet in the world (later discovered, more than 400 years earlier than the historical record): China's Brief Training of Huainan Soldiers.

The earliest solar eclipse record in the world: 65438 BC+0265438 BC+May 26th, 2007 recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty in China.

The earliest meteor shower record in the world: China's Notes on Bamboo Chronology

The earliest sunspot record in the world: 28 AD recorded in China's Records of the Five Elements of Hanshu.

The oldest star map in the world: Dunhuang star map of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang

The world's earliest observatory prototype: Stonehenge in Britain

astronomical instruments

The largest sun clock in the world: Augustus sun clock.

The world's first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water: armillary sphere

The oldest astronomical clock in the world: Waterborne Observatory

The earliest telescope in the world: galileo telescope.

The largest mobile radio telescope in the world: Green Shore Telescope.

The world's largest optical instrument: space telescope

The world's largest refracting telescope: Yerkes Observatory, USA

The world's largest reflecting telescope: the 6-meter telescope on Caucasus Mountain.

The largest spectral astronomical telescope in the world (aperture and spectral acquisition rate): lamost astronomical telescope (China, 09.06.05).

star

The brightest star: Sirius A (outside the solar system)

The closest star to the solar system: proxima centauri.

The brightest supernova: Taurus supernova

The largest star among the stars: three red and very bright stars discovered by American astronomers in June 2005.

The most attractive star: black hole

The oldest star: black dwarf (within the range of human understanding)

The fastest rotating star: pulsar

planet

The most massive planet: Jupiter (about twice the mass of the other seven planets combined)

Ringed planets: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune

The planet with the fastest revolution speed: Mercury (88 days)

The largest planet: Jupiter

Planet with the most satellites: Saturn

The closest planet to the earth: the moon

The brightest planet to the naked eye: Venus.

The earliest calculated planet: Neptune

The most beautiful planet: Saturn

(within the solar system)

The fastest rotating planet: Jupiter

The planet with the slowest rotation: Venus (slower than revolution, 243 days, revolution 225 days)

satellite

The largest satellite in the solar system: Ganymede

The most volcanic satellite: io.

Man's first satellite: the moon

galaxy

The closest galaxies to the Milky Way: Great Britain and small magellanic cloud.

other

The largest onshore oilfield: Wo Jia Oilfield (the maximum oil production is 82 billion barrels, about11500,000 tons).

The heaviest oil drilling platform: Pan Bo drilling platform (weighing 24,000 tons).

The largest natural gas field: Wuliangou condensate gas field (with a total reserve of 8 trillion cubic meters).

The largest natural diamond producing area: Australia (the diamond production is 37.4 million carats, accounting for 34% of the world's total diamond production).

The deadliest smog: London smog on February 4th, 1952 (* * * 3500 ~ 4000 people died of acute bronchitis caused by fog).

Maximum deforestation:1deforestation in Brazil from 990 to 2000 (almost equivalent to the land area of El Salvador).

The largest oil field: Gaval oil field

The largest oil port: Rastnula oil port.

Thickest area: Chimborazo Mountain in Ecuador, South America.

The highest volcano has been found: Olympus Mons (Mars) (the area is equivalent to the whole of Ireland, and the height is more than 3 Everest).

The first space station: Salute No.1 (197 1 successfully launched by the former Soviet Union in April,.

The largest space station to date: Mir.

The first artificial satellite: Sputnik- 1 (launched by the former Soviet Union on 1957+654381October 4).

The most powerful rocket: Saturn V.

The most famous astronomical telescope: Hubble Space Telescope (1launched by the United States on April 24th, 990).

The first man-made detector crossing the asteroid belt: Pioneer 1 1.

[Edit this paragraph] Human geography

country

Country with the largest land area: Russian Federation (with a total area of about17,075,200 square kilometers)

The country with the smallest land area: Vatican (with a total area of 0.44 square kilometers)

The most populous country: People's Republic of China (PRC) (the national population is about 654.38+0.3 billion).

The country with the least population: Vatican (about 990 people in 2008)

The country and region with the least population: Pitcairn Island (50 people in 2006).

The country with the highest population density: Monaco (area 1.95 km2, 32,409 residents, population density per km216,620 people).

The country with the lowest population density: Mongolia (area 1.564 million square kilometers, population of 2.8 million * * *, population density is only 1 person/square kilometer).

The country with the longest coastline: Canada (with a coastline of 202,080 kilometers).

Country with the highest mortality rate: Botswana (29.36 deaths per 1,000 people in 2005)

The country with the lowest mortality rate: Kuwait (only 2.42 deaths per 1000 population in 2005)

The country with the highest birth rate: Niger (565,438+0.33% in 2005)

The country with the lowest birth rate: Germany (8.33% in 2005)

The country with the lowest natural population growth rate: Germany

The country with the highest infant mortality rate: Angola (65,438+087.49 deaths per 1,000 infants).

The country with the lowest infant mortality rate: Singapore (only 2.29 deaths per 1000 infants)

The country with the highest female fertility rate: Niger (with an average of 7.46 babies per woman)

The country with the lowest female fertility rate: Singapore (only 1.06 babies per female)

The country with the highest suicide rate: Lithuania (in 2003, there were 426,5438+0 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people, 74.3 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people for men and 65,438+03.9 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people for women).

The country with the highest GDP: the United States (about 654.38+0.2 trillion US dollars in 2005).

The country with the highest GDP per capita: Luxembourg (according to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund in 2004, it is about 75 130 USD).

The country with the longest life expectancy: Andorra (the average life expectancy in 2006 was 83.5438+0 years).

The country with the shortest life expectancy: Swaziland (the average life expectancy in 2006 was 33.22 years)

The youngest Republic in the world: Nepal (the monarchy was abolished on May 28th, 2008).

The longest national anthem: Bangladeshi people and the national anthem "Golden Bangladesh", 142 long.

The shortest national anthem: Bahrain's national anthem-Bahrain's Our Bahrain (only 7 bars)

The national anthem with the shortest lyrics: Uganda's national anthem has only eight bars.

The oldest national flag: Denmark's big white cross flag.

Longest border: the border between the United States and Canada (64 16 km long).

The first country to start the day: Kiribati (and the only country that has crossed the international international date line).

The country that produces the most dates: Iraq (198 1 accounting for 2/5 of the world output).

The country with the largest coconut production: Philippines (accounting for more than 1/4 of the world output).

The earliest country to grow coffee: Brazil (13rd century)

The largest rubber producer: Thailand

The largest producer of banana cannabis: Philippines

The country with the largest palm oil production: Malaysia

The country with the largest output and export of corn, soybean and cotton: the United States.

The country with the highest output of coffee, sugar cane and citrus: Brazil.

Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool and sheep, with the largest reserves of bauxite, lead, zinc, uranium and nickel.

The largest gold storage country: South Africa (accounting for 3/5 of the valuable metals mined).

Richest country: Switzerland (per capita wealth of $648,000)

The country with the largest number of cattle: India (about 300 million, accounting for 1/5 of the total number of cattle in the world).

The country with the largest number of sheep: Australia (more than 200 million sheep, average per person12,500).

The country with the largest number of lakes: Finland (about188,000 lakes, known as the "country of thousands of lakes")

The country with the largest number of islands: Indonesia (consisting of 13667 islands of different sizes, of which 6000 islands can be inhabited).

The country with the most volcanoes: Indonesia

The most expensive country for water: Kuwait

The northernmost country: Finland

The southernmost city: ushuaia.

The country with the highest proportion of disabled people: Angola

The country with the highest average altitude: Lesotho

Lowest country: Netherlands

The country with the highest peak: Nepal

administrative division

The northernmost capital: Reykjavik, Iceland.

The southernmost capital: Wellington, the capital of New Zealand

The westernmost and easternmost capital: Suva, the capital of Fiji

Supreme Capital: La Paz, the capital of Bolivia.

The capital closest to the equator: Quito, the capital of Eldo, South America.

The largest city: Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (263,953 square kilometers).

The smallest city: Madridien Lilliput in The Hague, the Netherlands.

The most populous capital: Tokyo, the capital of Japan (the total population is about12 million, and the whole urban agglomeration has 35 million).

The northernmost city: Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway (located at 78 degrees north latitude).

The most densely populated northernmost town: New Olsen in Svalbard.

The southernmost city: ushuaia (located at 54 degrees 50 minutes south latitude).

The earliest city to tell the time with flowers: Geneva (with a history of 28 years)

The most densely populated island: Ap Lei Chau (Hong Kong, with an area of 1.3 km2, 90,000 inhabitants and a population density of 60,000 per km2).

The most densely populated city: Male (Maldives, * * * 469,800 people, population density is 48,007 people per square kilometer).

The area with the highest population density: Mong Kok (Hong Kong) (average density is 654.38+ 3,000 people per square kilometer).

The lowest population density: Greenland (the average density is only 0. 1 person/square kilometer).

The largest administrative divisions: Saha and the United States (with an area of 365,438+3,200 square kilometers).

The most populous administrative division: Uttar Pradesh (total population is about175,922,300).

The city with the lowest female fertility rate: Hong Kong (with an average of 0.95 babies per woman).

The world's densest and widest skyline: Hong Kong-the calculation method is equal to the sum of the heights of all buildings minus the minimum value of 90 meters or 295 feet. (in meters, excluding the spire). The height of the independence tower is half of theirs.

other

The largest delta: Ganges Delta (with a total area of about 70,000 square kilometers).

The earliest national park: Huangshi National Park (founded in 1872).

The longest ocean current: Antarctic circulation (up to 2 1 000 km)

The largest wetland: Pantanal Wetland (with a total area of 242,000 square kilometers).

The largest independent rock: Ayers Rock, Australia (about 9.4km in circumference).