What happened to exam-oriented education? In fact, both at home and abroad.

Examination-oriented education has always been a part of parents' minds in China? Heart attack? Many parents yearn for humanized education in Europe and America, and feel that their education is to let students learn while playing, which is not painful at all, and students will also have many extracurricular hobbies. In a word, they are quality education, and we are exam-oriented education.

As far as I know, although it seems that the education system in Europe and America can teach students in accordance with their aptitude, there is still a phenomenon: children from rich families generally get into good schools, while children from poor families have no chance. This is a phenomenon that social stratification leads to educational stratification. So, will education in China become like this? The answer is yes. Why can't all countries escape the problem of educational inequality? Let's take a look at Luo Ji's thinking big coffee? Luo pang? Luo Zhenyu's interesting analysis of educational stratification.

1

Social stratification leads to educational stratification.

Before understanding this sentence, we must first understand what role education has played in China for thousands of years, especially the imperial examination education, which has a special core mission: to prevent social stratification.

During the feudal monarchy, the emperor was most afraid of bureaucratic strongmen, so any imperial power was a blow to bureaucratic strongmen, because they were the biggest threat to imperial power, and the invention and implementation of the imperial examination system was largely to solve this problem.

For example:

A person comes from the bottom of society. As long as his family has a little spare money to train their children to study, maybe they can train a scholar. In a few generations, he may be a juren, and in a few generations, he may be a scholar. At this point, the family was honored and completely turned over. But bureaucrats, landlords and powerful families are bound to have black sheep within a few generations, so they are often richer than three generations.

So in the ancient imperial society of China, even though there were thousands of bad things, one thing was good. Because of the existence of the imperial examination system, the whole society presents an open pattern, which is mobile from top to bottom. So, what has always been the characteristic of education in China? Don't teach in class .

Poor students in mountain villages and children of the royal family use the same textbooks, take the same test papers and have almost the same education methods.

In other words, thousands of years of education in China, in? Content? And then what? Method? There is no stratification in the world, although there may be a big gap and some inequality in educational resources.

What are we going to talk about today? Educational stratification? This is stratification in the western sense, especially the stratification of American education types. To understand this, we must first establish a background knowledge. What is a class society?

The real class society is the caste society we see in India or the aristocratic society we see in Europe. In other words, a person's class is determined by his blood, not by his wealth and social status.

Although the aristocrats in Europe and America began to disappear with the progress of society and the infiltration of democracy and freedom, the hierarchical structure of society has been passed down to this day.

For example:

Although the housing prices in many cities in China are already very high, the distribution trend of housing prices in China is basically a slow decline from the city center to the urban-rural fringe, and the first, second and third rings are gradually declining.

However, in the United States, it is a cliff-like decline. Perhaps the poor area and the rich area are just separated by a road, but the house price is getting higher every day.

For example, Paraatu, the core area of Silicon Valley, has a city called East Paraatu in the east. The two cities are adjacent, separated by a river, about 15 meters wide, but the house prices in the two cities are one place per day. But what is the core difference between the two cities? People are different! In particular, the resources for cultivating the next generation are different.

The distribution of educational resources in the United States is basically determined by local communities. Even public schools in the United States are only funded by property taxes and property taxes in local cities. In this way, schools in the cities where the rich areas are located will have sufficient funds, and students will have a good educational environment and form a virtuous circle. However, the school funds in the cities where poor areas are located are very limited, and the educational environment of students is poor, forming a vicious circle.

2

What kind of results will educational stratification bring?

What is the result of this educational stratification? I asked Mr. Wan Weigang with this question. Mr. Wan Weigang used to be a professor in an American university. His children are now in primary schools in the United States, so he knows more about American education from top to bottom.

Facing my question, he gave me two answers:

If you don't understand American education, you will be surprised at the differences between Chinese and American education.

This is easy to understand.

If you know about American education, you will be surprised at the similarities between Chinese and American education.

This is puzzling. There is a great difference in the educational level between the two countries. What are the similarities?

For example:

For example, there are two children in China and America, one is Xiaoming and the other is David.

Xiaoming passed the exam and studied hard step by step from primary school, junior high school and senior high school to be admitted to Tsinghua. After he went to Beijing to go to college, he began to realize that his knowledge was very narrow and his overall image could not be put on the table. He is the product of a typical exam-oriented education.

On the other hand, David has a good family and a wide range of knowledge. He is very good at swimming, fencing, golf, painting, singing, playing musical instruments and other sports, as well as speech contests, community activities, student union competitions and other social activities. He is a typical representative of quality education.

In our opinion, do we think Xiao Ming is miserable and bitter, while David is happy and free to display his temperament and talent? Don't be fooled, it's all the same thing, it's all exam-oriented education.

It's just that Xiaoming has been a road in Huashan since ancient times, so he can only rush to take the exam; And David did so many things just to meet the admission standards of American elite universities. He is not interested in anything. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, it is all exam-oriented education.

In fact, David's situation is not as good as Xiaoming's. Because Xiaoming is faced with a certain thing, that is, he can get into a good university as long as he gets high marks. On the other hand, David is different. No matter how many credits he receives, it is uncertain what kind of university he can enter.

Because almost all Ivy League schools are private universities, the rules of enrollment are uncertain, and the rules of enrollment are never announced. Even the staff of the admissions offices of these schools are all admissions consultants after retirement, and it is unclear what the admission rules of these schools are. There is no explicit provision, so what is fairness?

On the one hand, American Ivy League schools should exclude other ethnic groups, on the other hand, they should bring in elites from other ethnic groups to renew their blood, and the essence of establishing enrollment rules is to exclude dissidents.

three

Spanning educational stratification

How do Americans get into Ivy League schools?

So what are the ways for American high school students to go to Ivy League schools? There are three ways to go.

You must be good at this.

In particular, sports specialties that meet the requirements of WASP, such as fencing, skating and golf, also have a side effect, that is, rich families can be singled out, because the cultivation of these specialties is piled up by Jinshan Hai Yin, which naturally distinguishes poor families from rich families.

Parents must be alumni.

There is a saying in these famous schools in the United States? A generation of rattan, a generation of rattan? . The threshold set by these schools is: Do freshmen have to go through the entrance? Alumni interview? At this level, we are a community and our own people, and we should pass on these famous schools from generation to generation.

three

Through donation

In private schools with many whites, alumni and their children are closely related to the school itself and keep in touch for life, so alumni donation is one of the important economic sources of these private schools.

Having said that, readers should understand what educational stratification is, right? The educational stratification in the United States is really an iron threshold, and it is much more difficult to cross it than to cross the educational stratification in China.

four

Cross-social stratification

How do Americans get rid of poverty?

And educational stratification is only a side reflection of social stratification. If you understand the social stratification in the United States, you will understand that the American people face much greater challenges than China if they want to cross the social stratum.

Because China society at least has not formed a hierarchical structure like American society, there are still many channels for the poor to rise.

For example, in a big city like Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen, even if you come from a poor rural area, as long as you are willing to work hard, even if you are a nanny, you will earn a lot of money, and you will never fall to the bottom of society.

But it is very difficult for the bottom poor in America to get rid of poverty.

It stands to reason that as long as they have children after marriage, graduate from high school and have a full-time job, they will not fall below the poverty line (annual income is less than $20,000), but in fact it is difficult for them to do these three things. Don't be ridiculous, look down.

Have children after marriage.

The self-control of the poor at the bottom of America is often extremely poor. Most people just can't help themselves, 16 years old to have children. After giving birth to a child, the father of the child is generally irresponsible and will run away directly. Therefore, more than half of the poor children in the United States were born and lived in single-parent families. Naturally, it is difficult for such children to receive a good education.

Graduated from high school

Children from poor families in America often forget to go to class, because in their community culture, they think it is good for everyone to take drugs and fool around all day. They don't want to turn white, so they are further locked under a horizontal line.

Have a full-time job

Based on the above two reasons, these poor children are severely limited by their intelligence level and social cognitive level, and it is basically impossible for them to find full-time jobs. They often look for jobs at will and resign immediately when they encounter a little thing. Their lives are completely unstable and uncertain.

It is not because the United States does not give these people at the bottom a chance, but because of their cognitive ability, they are firmly imprisoned in that class and cannot escape. These are the limitations of their cognitive level, not the persecution of their society.

five

What determines the cognitive level?

In addition to the education level I received as a child, there are also the environment in which I live and the relatives and friends I contact every day.

This is the difference between the poor in China and the poor in the United States across social classes. The poor in China can at least be blamed on the unfairness of society and government, while the poor in the United States can only be blamed on their own communities, relatives and friends around them and backward ways of thinking.

If the poor in China are angry with their situation, then the poor in the United States can only despair of their situation (in fact, I personally feel that the poor in China are also deeply powerless and desperate).

This situation exists in any country and any social class, and it is difficult for people of each class to break through the limitations of their own cognitive level and reach a higher class. It's like a cage, locking you in, and you can't see clearly how higher-level people look at problems and the world.

We understand social stratification and then look at educational stratification, which is another picture. The contents, objectives and missions of education at all levels are completely different.

Let's take America as an example. To put it bluntly, the educational goal of the bottom people in the United States is to enable them to get a job and cultivate them into useful tools for society.

For example, there is a public school in the United States called KIPP (the real college entrance examination concentration camp), which is basically run in places where the bottom people gather.

Its method of running a school is exactly the same as what we call the college entrance examination factory in China? Examination-oriented education! So the effect is remarkable, and many children at the bottom are admitted to the university. This is the best education that children at the bottom can enjoy. Only exam-oriented education, quality education is a luxury. In fact, for the children at the bottom, the most suitable is exam-oriented education.

The implementation of quality education in secondary schools mainly cultivates children's sports, talent, independent thinking ability, oral expression ability, social communication ability and crowd organization ability.

But this kind of quality education is still not to cultivate the top elites in society, but to cultivate the personality of a middle class. Quality education trains handicrafts of the same level, which are used to be selected by others.

The education of the top elites is often undertaken by private schools. There is only one principle for these schools to cultivate students: to cultivate children's decision-making ability. Their idea is that students are the masters of their own boats, and others can't make any decisions for you. Everything depends on you.

six

Will there be educational stratification in China society in the future?

So what is the role of education now? The biggest role is to change the fate of the people at the bottom.

For the people at the bottom, the participation of the family is of little significance. What they have to do is actually send their children to the college entrance examination factories such as Maotan Factory Middle School and KIPP, and the school will naturally train them into people who are useful to society. This is also one of the few shortcuts for the bottom people to change their destiny.

But for the middle class, the role of education is not so great. For children's education, the biggest influence is the family. It is necessary for families and schools to work together to cultivate children into better people, waiting to be selected by people at the top of society.

For people at the top of society, the role of schools is even less. At most, it is to provide a basic environment. The most important thing is the family's own concept, social class and wealth status.

What about China society?

Let's just say that wealth stratification has just appeared in China society, social stratification has not yet formed, and educational stratification has not even sprouted. However, will such stratification begin in the future?

My answer is: Yes!

Economic reasons

The wealth stratification in China society has been formed, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is an undeniable fact. In ancient China, this division was not as terrible as it is now, because the role of the ancient imperial examination was to break the stratification, while the role of modern education was to consolidate the stratification (think about the stratification of American education introduced earlier).

Social reasons

Now society is becoming more and more complicated. For example, the production of a pencil involves the division of labor of millions of people all over the world. Everyone only knows their own division of labor, but little about the outside world.

Although the industrial society has become so complicated, they can at least control it through things like price. But now this society is much more complicated (I can't understand this paragraph, so I won't describe it).

Technical reasons

The most typical representative is artificial intelligence. Remember what Dr. Wu Jun said in Artificial Intelligence? Only 2% people can grasp the opportunity of artificial intelligence.

In the Middle Ages, the whole society began to enter violent social stratification, and educational stratification would aggravate and consolidate this stratification.

But can we just wait passively?

On the contrary, the most interesting thing in this world is that there will be a kind of character called a hero.

What is a hero? Our Asian culture has always worshipped great men, but are great men born? Tianzong talents! Great men and heroes are different. In American culture, heroes of course refer to Batman, Spider-Man, Superman and Captain America.

But what kind of heroes do Americans admire more? Someone who can surpass his own destiny. For example, a small town policeman may not have any police rank, and his martial arts is not high, but he dares to beat gangsters and see heroes! For example, a coach of a weak team, if he leads his team to win the championship hero! A single mother was unhappy at first, but through her own efforts, she found a happy hero!

Americans grew up in a class society, and they know how great it is to cross the class and surpass their own origins. They are people who really deserve our respect and blessing.

On the other hand, in today's China, social stratification has not been finally formed, and educational stratification is still far away. Therefore, this is a great opportunity and a heroic era. Everyone can surpass his class by improving his cognition.

Enhance your cognition and become a hero!