Scenic spots near Baicheng, Xiamen University

Nanputuo Temple is a famous ancient temple in Xiamen. It is located in front of Wulao Peak in Green Island Mountain, with Xiuqi Peak as its back and Bicheng Harbor as its face, with excellent scenery. Separated from Xiamen University by a wall.

The Temple's Heavenly King Hall, Daxiong Hall and Great Compassion Hall are beautifully built and magnificent. Each hall is dedicated to Maitreya Buddha, III Buddha, Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Hands, Four Heavenly Kings and Eighteen Arhats. Buddhist cultural relics in the sutra depository are rich and colorful, including classics, Buddha statues, bronze bells in the Song Dynasty, ancient books and so on. The blood book Lotus Sutra and the famous white porcelain Guanyin in He Chaozong are the most valuable. There are many inscriptions around the temple. Famous stone inscriptions by Changdi and Shen Yourong in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Qianlong Imperial Monument. The cliff behind the temple is engraved with the word "Buddha", which is 10 foot high and 10 foot wide. This is the only place in Xiamen where the paint color is different. Five peaks stand behind the temple, with pines and bamboos and strange rocks and valleys. It is called "Five Old Lingxiao" and is one of the eight scenic spots in Xiamen. Xiamen Hu Lishan Fort is located in the prominent part of the Cape at the southeast end of Xiamen. It guards the throat of the Xiamen Strait and the Jiulong River, and forms a wonderful corner with Yuzaiwei and Longjiaowei on the other side, blocking Xiamen Port. Geographical location is important, so it is called "Tiannan Lock Key" in Xiamen.

The battery was built on March 8th, 20th year of Guangxu reign (1894). The forts are semi-bunker-style and semi-wall-style, and there are two forts in the east and west, which are used to house the main guns and protective guns. The battery was originally equipped with two all-steel guns made by Krupp Arsenal 1893 in Germany, with a caliber of 280mm, a gun weight of 87 tons, a gun length of 13.9m, an elevation of 30 degrees, a gauge diameter of 7.36m, a gun height of 4.6m, a width of 5.29m, a rotation of 360 degrees and an effective range of/KLOC-0. 1958 During the "Great Steelmaking Movement", the cannon of the West Fort was demolished, and now only one cannon and two cannons of the East Fort are left for protection.

Knoop cannon knowledge point

In the 19th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1893), two 28-caliber (280mm) Krupp guns manufactured by Krupp Arsenal in Germany for Hu Lishan Fort in Xiamen were transported from Germany to Minjiang Estuary in Fujian by the freighter "Essen", and mawei shipyard temporarily released them. The picture shows the loading situation in Essen Port, Germany. 1896165438+10, the Krupp cannon was "completely installed" in Xiamen (Guangxu Zhu Pi Memorial No.64), and the Hu Lishan Fort was officially put into use.

Note: This photo was found in the archives of Krupp History Museum two years ago. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, in order to strengthen the coastal defense facilities in the southeast coast, four 280mm Krupp guns were purchased from Krupp Arsenal in Germany, which were set at Dianguangshan Fort in Minjiang Estuary and Hu Lishan Fort in Xiamen. Now there is only one fort Hu Lishan, and the other three cannons are gone.

28 original Krupp cannon data list:

* Numbers engraved on the tail of the barrel.

Sixth place: fried Krupp

* year of production:

28 main guns: produced for 1893 (Guangxu 19).

15 second artillery: 188 1 year (the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty).

* Total weight of cannon: 87 123kg (excluding defective parts)

* Gun size: total gun length13.438+03m; 4.6 meters high; It is 5.29 meters wide.

:: Artillery caliber: 28 trainees; That is 280 mm (15 is 150 mm).

:: Rifling of firearms: 84 times

* Gun length (mm): 1 1200.

* Gun body weight: (including auxiliary parts such as bolt and sight) 48 1 10kg.

* Barrel weight: (excluding auxiliary parts such as bolt and sight) 44000kg.

* Projectile (head) weight: 270 ~ 345 kg

* Ammunition loading: 7 1.0 ~ 75.2kg.

* Gun wheel track diameter: 7.36m.

* Gun direction shooting angle: 360 degrees.

* Filling angle of large shells (projectiles) and explosives: -4 degrees.

* High and low firing angle of artillery: 0 ~ 30 degrees.

* Gun firing rate: the number of shells fired per minute is 1 ~ 2 rounds.

* Artillery firing capability: it can continuously fire more than 100 rounds.

* Gun range: 7030- 19760m (shooting elevation 5-30 degrees).

* Ex-factory price of two guns: 65438+600,000 taels of silver.

* Shipping insurance (from Germany to Minjiang Estuary): 42,000 silver (subject to 25% of ex-factory price)

* Secondary handling fee (from Minjiang Estuary to Hu Lishan): 15079 two silver.

* Existing shells: 28 original warheads and 28 shells (including 14 armor-piercing blasting bombs and 14 flowering blasting bombs). )

* manpower: the Qing dynasty will deploy 120 people;

During the Republic of China, there were 133 officers and men.

This table is based on the list of 280/L/40 data provided by Krupp Archives in Germany, the list of 280mm Krupp gun1parts and the weight of the whole gun in Fort Hu Lishan provided by the Ordnance Research Institute of China Ordnance northern heavy industries Group (the physical mapping calculation of the gun), and refers to the memorial of Guangxu Zhu Pi, the theory of Krupp gun and Krupp gun in Qing Dynasty. In the southeast section of the beautiful Huandao Road, there is a coastal corridor that integrates tourism, sightseeing and leisure-Huandao Road plank road. The wooden plank road is about 6 kilometers long, starting from Baicheng Beach of Xiamen University, passing through Hu Lishan Fort, Calligraphy Square, Zengcuoan Village Bathroom, Music Square, Baishi Fort Site, Sun Bay Bathroom and many beaches and reefs along the coast, and reaching Huangcuoduanshi Square. There are rich cultural landscapes and beautiful natural scenery along the wooden plank road. The plank road is paved with high-quality southern pine imported from the United States, and pavilions along the way will be built with this thick wood. Its excellent corrosion resistance can be used for more than 20 years under harsh natural conditions along the coast, and its overall structure is very strong, which can resist typhoon attacks.

After the opening of the wooden plank road around the island, many tourists can enjoy the seaside reef area that they could not reach before. In addition, landscape projects such as music bars, viewing pavilions and LED night scenes will be set up along the boardwalk to broaden the horizons of tourists, make the boardwalk a new landscape around the island and enrich the tourism resources around the island.