Southern Song Dynasty Economy: Qiantang has been flourishing for 100,000 families since ancient times.

The economic development of the Southern Song Dynasty was highlighted by the prosperity of the city. Speaking of the customized picture scroll painted by Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan-Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, you must be deeply impressed. It shows us the bustling capital Tokyo, the capital of Tokyo. The prosperity of Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty far exceeded that of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The word "Chao Hai, Wang Yong" says: the southeast is a metropolis, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. Liuhua Bridge, wind curtain and green curtain, 100,000 households. There are few trees around the levee, the surging waves are rolling with frost and snow, and the natural moat is endless. In the Pearl City, every household in Luo Qi is competing for beauty. Hu Ting Anne, Sanqiu Cinnamon, Shili Lotus. The strong enemy will be cleaned up, and Song Ling will lay it all night. Have a good time fishing for baby lotus. Riding with high teeth, drunk listening to drums and singing clouds. If the future is good, it will be praised by the wind pool. Liu always describes the richness of Hangzhou as a paradise to the fullest. It is said that in 1 16 1 year, Yan Hongliang, the king of Jin Hailing, launched a large-scale attack on the Southern Song Dynasty, which was influenced to some extent by this word. In addition to economic prosperity, the scale and number of cities in the Southern Song Dynasty were far ahead of their predecessors. According to statistics, there were only 13 cities with more than 13 households. By the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 46 cities. In the Southern Song Dynasty, after Nanjing, Luoyang and Changzhou, An was the fourth and fifth metropolis with a population of over one million in the world. Ann. According to the Records of Lin 'an in Spring Festival, Lin 'an, a city with a population of 6.5438+0.24 million, consumes as much as 30,000 stones of grain every day. The scale of this city was unprecedented at that time, and Hangzhou became one of the few big cities in the world. 14- 16 During the European Renaissance, the population of London, the most famous metropolis, was only about 34,000. No wonder Kyle Polo was shocked by the luxurious style there as soon as he arrived in Hangzhou. It can be seen that China created a splendid and civilized international metropolis as early as the Southern Song Dynasty. Another feature of the commercial prosperity in the Southern Song Dynasty was that it broke the long-closed hutong system and established an open street system. The business circle has broken the limitation of time and space, and the business circle and residential area are mixed together, and various shops have been set up along the street and along the river, forming a bustling commercial street. With the development of commerce, a pure economic city appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu recorded a city at that time: Hangzhou and the place where the four directions met in Lin. Customers came to do business, stopped on the road at noon, and once wasted their lives. There are teahouses, hotels, noodle shops, fruits, colored silks, incense sticks, oil sauces and rice shops. Everywhere, there are three or four drums in the street. At first there were few tourists, five drums. Today, there are still many works of Song people that record the magnificent scenery of the capital at that time, such as Wu's records, careful Wulin stories, and anonymous records of the old people in West Lake. These works record the forest at that time, and even today, they are amazing to read. Except Anfu City, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, the commerce in other towns is also very prosperous. For example, Jiankang Chengfu is a commercial metropolis in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Its business circle is mainly distributed along the Neiqin River, with very prosperous commercial markets such as Niuma City, Gushi City, Shixian City and Yarn Market, and the landmark buildings of the bustling business circle-Zhenhuai Bridge and Yinhong Bridge have been built. There are thousands of scales on the bridge, and many streets in the city are named after banks, flower shops, chicken shops and fish markets. Chicken shop has been a prosperous place since ancient times, and all the goods in Bank Street are collected. It can be seen that healthy business activities are booming. Chengjian Mansion has a population of several hundred thousand and eats 2000 stone rice every day. It can be seen that it is a quite big city, and Jiankang is only the representative of horses.

The prosperity of cities in the Southern Song Dynasty pushed the development of China to a new peak. It is the economic prosperity and urban prosperity hidden behind the declining politics that give us the opportunity to re-examine the position and role of the Southern Song Dynasty in the long history. It is the economic prosperity brought by this foreign trade chain that can resist the trampling of foreign fighters and maintain the social stability of the entire Southern Song Dynasty. Due to the prosperity of urban commerce in the Southern Song Dynasty, the boundary between square time and square time was broken, and many places were open all night to meet the needs of urban economy and the growth of citizens. At the same time, all kinds of entertainment activities reflecting citizens' cultural life have also moved from small-scale performances scattered in rural areas to cities, becoming professional urban literary and art groups with fixed performance venues, performing various types of cultural performances for citizens, thus pushing China folk opera and folk art to a peak. In this case, the washe Goulan in the city rose. According to reports, there was a 13 tick in the forest at that time, which was a city with more than 20 Wazi blocks outside the city. Scores are many, thirteen hook-ups are not idle, and there will be another reunion in the end. There are several stores in it, and the big store makes ten pigs every day, which shows its prosperity. Famous artists from all over the country came to Lin to live as an actor. In the tile houses of the Southern Song Dynasty, all kinds of hook-ups were packed, and the big ones had to accommodate more than 1000 people. No matter what the weather is like, the performance is like this every day. And the performances are dazzling, including zaju, acrobatics, magic, sumo, flower drum, rap, shadow play and dance. The appearance of a large number of tile houses in the city has enriched the entertainment life of citizens and promoted the development of urban commerce and service industry. On this basis, the catering industry and entertainment luxury goods industry have made great progress. As a result, the ups and downs of secular culture in the Southern Song Dynasty ran through the entire Southern Song Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of secular culture in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The rise of secular culture in the Southern Song Dynasty is closely related to the guidance of the rulers. As early as the early Northern Song Dynasty, the Founding Fathers were encouraged to buy more geisha and drink and have fun every day, which led the Song people to enjoy it. The extravagance and luxury of the bureaucratic landlord class attracted artists from all over the country and contributed to this enjoyment. After Zhao moved to the south, he was fascinated by the feasts, songs and dances and the customs of the four seasons in the West Lake. He is arrogant and extravagant, and he doesn't want to recover the Central Plains. He just wants to please the enemy. Promote the atmosphere and enthusiasm of enjoyment to the whole country. Thus, the enjoyment of the wind, the up-and-down effect, the simplicity of the people, and the play of the public. Even when Mongolia's iron hoof was under pressure, the rulers and citizens were still immersed in singing and dancing. In addition, the Southern Song government has always encouraged overseas trade, and the goods it obtained in the market were often luxury goods that the public could not afford, which promoted the trend of comparison and luxury to some extent. The prosperity of cities in the Southern Song Dynasty also created conditions for the extravagant enjoyment of the ruling class at that time. The prosperity of the past has long been a ruin buried deep underground; Once upon a time, elegance became a thing of the past. But we can't deny that modern people are immortal and brilliant. After more than a thousand years, we can still smell the lotus fragrance in the forest through our nostrils. A century and a half later, we can still hear the noise of busy streets. Unveiling the mystery of the Southern Song Dynasty, we can see the legend of Wu Soul sf, a brand-new Southern Song Dynasty, a prosperous Southern Song Dynasty, a rising Southern Song Dynasty, and a Zhao Dynasty, though declining.