Why should Jiangnan gardens be represented by Suzhou?

The gardens in the north and south have similarities and differences, differences and similarities, and each has its own characteristics, which complement each other.

In terms of time, the gardens in the Central Plains and the North developed earlier than those in the South. But the south came from behind. Of course, the South Garden is

The northern culture developed after it spread to the south. Later, the gardens in the north were borrowed from the gardens in the south.

1. Southern Gardens

Jiangnan has mild climate, abundant water resources, rich products, beautiful scenery and relaxed human environment, so its garden construction will inevitably show its own characteristics. "China Jiangnan Garden Encyclopedia" is summarized as three points:

First, stacking stones to control water, water and stones set each other off. Taihu stone is unique and colorful, especially in the court. The most famous ones are Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou, Crepe Yunfeng in Hangzhou Botanical Garden and Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden.

Second, there are many kinds of flowers and trees.

Third, the architectural style is elegant and simple. Free layout, informal structure, fresh and free and easy, small and exquisite, elegant and beautiful. The pavilion is flowing and has many cool colors, like landscape painting. Blue tile walls, brown doors and windows, weak bureaucratic political consciousness, full of bookishness.

Southern gardens are represented by Jiangnan gardens. Jiangnan gardens mainly refer to private gardens in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai and Changshu. Jiangnan garden belongs to the literati freehand brushwork landscape garden, and literati painters participate in the gardening, mainly artificial landscaping, with ingenious planning, exquisite design and strong humanistic atmosphere. Gardeners reproduce the real natural landscape in a limited space, seeing the big from the small, with endless implications.

Mr. Chen Congzhou wrote an article "Gardens are divided into north and south, with different scenery", saying that the gardens in the north are gorgeous and the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are elegant and beautiful. North high and south show. There is little water and poor natural conditions in the north, and the royal gardens are rich, but vulgarity is inevitable.

The southern gardens are elegant and simple, full of books, but they are inevitably shabby and humble. Northern gardens such as Beijing Opera, southern gardens such as Kunqu Opera, Beijing Opera is greatly influenced by Kunqu Opera, and famous Peking Opera actors have worked hard on Kunqu Opera.

2. Northern Gardens

China has a long history. Thousands of years ago, the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin was very different from that of today. There was a large area of dense vegetation at that time.

In a word, northern gardens have the following characteristics:

First, the northern gardens are represented by the palace gardens. Since it is a garden built by the imperial court, it is dedicated to the country in terms of manpower, material resources, financial resources and intelligence. Moreover, the palace gardens must pay attention to the royal style, majestic and tall, resplendent and magnificent, with prominent themes and emphasis on the center. All the palace gardens cover a vast area, with rigorous layout, grandeur, roughness and composure.

Secondly, the northern gardens are influenced by the south. In Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong visited the south, and they liked southern gardens and recruited southern craftsmen to make gardens in Beijing. North Renye Fang consciously studied southern gardens. In fact, the gardens in Beijing are a collection of national gardens and a masterpiece of national famous gardens. For example:? Yuanmingyuan is modeled after the "Broken Bridge Snow", "Six Langwenyuan", "Autumn Moon in Pinghu", "Sunset at Leifeng", "Moon in Three Tans" and "Wind and Lotus in Quyuan" in Hangzhou. Yuanmingyuan is also modeled after Suzhou's "Lion Forest". Its Wen Yuan Pavilion is modeled after Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, and its Siyi study is modeled after An Lan Garden in Haining.

Xihe Garden is modeled after West Lake in Hangzhou. The dikes, bridges and islands of the two have the same effect.

The misty rain building in chengde mountain resort is modeled after the South Lake in Jiaxing, the Xiaojinshan is modeled after the Jinshan in Zhenjiang, and the scenic YUNDI is modeled after the Su Causeway in Hangzhou.

Third, the northern gardens have the keynote of quadrangles. Siheyuan is a common residential form in the north, and aristocratic quadrangles all have gardens. The imperial garden of the Forbidden City in Beijing is actually an enlargement of the courtyard garden. Gongwangfu Garden in Qianhai West Street is a living teaching material for studying private gardens in the north.