Lesson 3 Prosperity of Economy Teaching Design Example 2

1. Basic knowledge: the prosperity of agricultural economy in the Tang Dynasty-the progress of rice planting and cultivation methods, the production of tea and sericulture, Qu Yuan's plows and carts, and water conservancy. The development of handicraft industry in Tang dynasty-silk weaving, ceramics and metal casting. Chang 'an, Tang Dou.

2. Ideological and political education: ① The agricultural and handicraft production of the Tang Dynasty surpassed that of any previous dynasty and was in an advanced position in the world at that time. This was the material basis of the prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty, the result of the hard work of the working people, and closely related to the adjustment of the ruling policies in the early Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an, Tang Dou is not only the national political, economic and cultural center, but also the economic and cultural exchange center of Asian countries. It is an international metropolis. Worth the pride of future generations.

3. Ability training: ① Guide students to summarize the development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce in the Tang Dynasty and cultivate comprehensive generalization ability. (2) With the help of teachers, students analyze "Where is the importance of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty", so as to cultivate the ability of understanding and analysis.

4. Guidance of learning rules: ① Learn about the specific content of economic prosperity in Tang Dynasty through learning, and guide students to deepen their understanding of prosperous economy through longitudinal comparison with Qin, Han and Sui Dynasties. From this, it can be seen that the prosperity of the economy is of course due to the rulers' adjustment of policies, but more importantly, it is due to the hard work of the working people. Through the understanding of Chang 'an's important position, we can deepen our understanding that the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period of feudal society in China.

Design of teacher-student interaction activities

1. Let the students teach themselves for 5 minutes with questions and have a general perceptual understanding of this lesson.

2. Conditional schools can organize students to visit the history museum and actually watch the historical relics related to this lesson.

3. Organize interested students to try to make cultural relics models, such as Guan Che and Qu Yuan Pear. Draw the layout of Chang 'an in Tang Dou.

4. In summing up and developing this lesson, teachers can ask some questions, and students can discuss and solve them by themselves.

Teaching focus

Improvement of agricultural production tools. The development of silk industry and ceramics industry. Chang 'an's position and prosperity in Tang Dou.

Textbook analysis

1. Guide students to recall the general social and economic scenes of "Zhenguan Governance" and "Kaiyuan Prosperity". On the basis of students' answers, the teacher pointed out that the rulers in the early Tang Dynasty adjusted their ruling policies, which made the social order in the early Tang Dynasty relatively stable and class contradictions relatively relaxed, providing favorable conditions for social and economic development. Thanks to the hard work of the working people, agriculture and handicrafts have developed and the social economy has shown unprecedented prosperity.

2. Fat Rice and Millet White tells about the development of agriculture, the most basic production department in the Tang Dynasty. This part needs to explain four problems: ① the progress of rice cultivation methods: it shows that the two-year triple cropping system is popularized in the local area and the one-year double cropping system appears in the south. Explain the techniques of rice seedling raising and transplanting and watering vegetables with hot spring water in winter. (2) Among cash crops, tea production played an important role in the national economy at that time, and the wind of drinking tea spread from the south to the north, from China to the Great Wall, which swept the country. Sericulture production, known as the country of silk, is naturally an important sector of the national economy. The main producing area is still in the Yellow River basin, and the Yangtze River basin has also been greatly developed. (3) The improvement of production tools should explain three important improvements of the crankshaft plow: first, the long straight shaft is changed into a short crankshaft, and the plow frame becomes smaller, which is convenient for turning and saves animal power; Second, the plow level is increased, so that the plow arrow can go up and down, which can meet the different needs of deep tillage and shallow tillage; The third is to improve the plow wall, push the turned soil aside, turn over the clods and cut off the growth of grass roots. This is a major improvement of the plow by the working people in the Tang Dynasty. Then explain the truth that the truck rotates to pump water to the highest shore, and guide the students to compare the rollover created by Ma Jun in the Three Kingdoms period, and understand that the truck people have no irrigation and the field has the benefit of Changshu. It is pointed out that the improvement of production tools played an important role in the development of agricultural production in Tang Dynasty. (4) Water Conservancy It should be noted that the Tang government set up special institutions to manage water conservancy and built more than 200 water conservancy projects. Finally, due to the development of agriculture, there has been a prosperous scene of land reclamation, abundant treasury and increased population.

3. The "Handicraft" project describes the development of handicrafts in the Tang Dynasty. The handicraft industry in the Tang Dynasty created the world-famous advanced production technology and rich and splendid material civilization in ancient times. This paper explains this problem from three aspects: silk weaving industry, ceramics industry and metal casting industry. The silk industry, represented by silk, silk and brocade, shows that there are many varieties of silk products and they compete with each other. Superb silk weaving technology and rich colors. ② The ceramic industry shows the progress of ceramic technology with crystal clear celadon, flawless white porcelain and colorful Tang tri-colors. (3) Taking the iron bell of Chang 'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the bronze mirror of Yangzhou and the gold and silver unearthed in Xi 'an as examples, the metal casting industry illustrates the progress of casting technology.

4. For the purpose of "One Million Houses in Chang 'an", make full use of the textbook "Plan of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty" to explain four problems to students: ① It was one of the largest cities in the world at that time; ② Features of urban layout: Palace, mansion, square and city are separated, carefree, chessboard street, straight; (3) With a large population, frontier nationalities and expatriates gather in Chang 'an, becoming the center of ethnic exchanges in China and the center of economic and cultural exchanges among Asian countries. (4) Business is prosperous, with shops in two cities, many industries and little accumulation.

teaching process

Teacher: Last class, we discussed the formation of "the rule of Zhenguan" and "the prosperity of Kaiyuan". Students learned that the rulers in the early Tang Dynasty adjusted their ruling policies, which made the social order in the early Tang Dynasty relatively stable and class contradictions relatively relaxed, providing favorable conditions for social and economic development. Thanks to the hard work of the working people, agriculture and handicrafts developed in the Tang Dynasty, and the social economy showed unprecedented prosperity.

First, "rice fat millet white"

1. Progress in farming systems and methods

By the Tang Dynasty, due to the long-term reunification of the country, the society was relatively stable, the agricultural economy in the north was rapidly restored and developed, and more and more intensive farmland was cultivated. In many areas, after wheat harvest, crops such as grain and millet can be planted three times a year. The agricultural planting technology in the south has made remarkable progress. First of all, the planting area of high-yield crop rice has increased greatly, and the cultivation method of raising seedlings and transplanting is widely used. Secondly, a large number of early rice is planted, which is a kind of early rice that can be harvested in June and July. Seedling transplanting and early rice planting have created conditions for multiple cropping of wheat or other crops on the same land, which has gradually popularized the farming system of two-year triple cropping in the south, and in some places, double cropping can be carried out once a year.

2. Tea and sericulture production

China is the hometown of tea and the first country in the world to grow, make and drink tea. Tea was originally considered as a medicinal material. In the long-term medical practice, people realize that tea can not only cure diseases, but also has a fragrant taste, which can clear away heat and quench thirst. It is a good drink. During the Western Han Dynasty, the transformation from medicine to beverage was completed. At that time, there was a record of cooking and selling tea. During the Three Kingdoms period, the habit of drinking tea was formed in Jiangnan area. In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, tea was used to entertain guests. Tea fruit was used to entertain guests in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, the north and south were unified and local exchanges were close. Tea drinking spread from the south to the north, and then from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the Great Wall, and gradually became a necessity for people of all ethnic groups in their daily lives. At that time, in some cities, there were already teahouses specializing in selling tea.

As the demand for tea has greatly increased, it has stimulated the production and trade of tea. In addition to wild tea trees, a lot of artificial cultivation has been carried out. At that time, tea was produced in more than ten provinces such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi. Tea production has become an important sector of Jiangnan agriculture. Great progress has also been made in tea cultivation techniques and management methods. After planting tea for three years, the yield of fresh tea per mu can reach 1.20 kg. Every tea harvest season, the tea producing area is unprecedented, and Siyuan businessmen come here to purchase in large quantities. Tea from the south is transported to the north in large quantities through the Grand Canal and land. Tea played an important role in the national economy at that time. Since the Tang Dynasty, China's tea has been exported to all parts of the world. Today, the pronunciation of the word "tea" in various languages comes from the word "tea" in China, which shows that tea is a great contribution of our ancestors to human drinks.

Lu Yu was a famous tea expert in ancient China. The Book of Tea Classics contains a wide range of contents, including the origin, characteristics and types of tea, the origin of tea, the instruments for picking tea, the process of making tea, brew tea's methods, tea sets for drinking tea and the distinction between good and bad tea. This is an important work in the history of Chinese tea and the first tea book in the world. Since the Song Dynasty, Lu Yu has been called the "tea god".

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the center of silk industry was still in the north, and the sericulture production technology in the Yellow River basin was also in the leading position in the country, while the silk industry along the Yangtze River was still relatively backward. By the late Tang Dynasty, the silk industry in the south of the Yangtze River had developed greatly.

China is the origin of hemp and ramie. The earliest textile material used in China is hemp. The summer cloth woven from ramie is white and refreshing, cool and sweat-free, and is welcomed by people. Clothes in the Tang Dynasty were mainly made of silk and hemp.

3. Improvement of production tools-crankshaft plough and flat-bottomed boat

Production tools are an important factor of productivity, and their specific types mark a certain level of development of productivity. The improvement and wide application of farm tools played an important role in the development of agricultural production in Tang Dynasty.

Teacher: What major improvements were made to the production tools in the Han Dynasty?

Health: Niu Geng, Ma Geng's extensive application, in addition to promoting two cows and three people to plow, there are also two plowing methods from Niu Yi. A cart for sowing.

Teacher: Can you compare the portrait of Niu Geng in Han Dynasty with that of Qu Yuan in Dunhuang frescoes in Tang Dynasty? On the basis of the students' answers, the teacher told us that there are two differences: First, the length of the shaft is different, and the shaft of the crankshaft plow is curved, which is convenient for flexible operation and simple and dexterous in structure. Secondly, the depth of ploughing can be adjusted. Before the emergence of mechanized and electrified agricultural machinery and equipment, Qu Yuan plough can be said to be the most advanced farming tool.

Teacher: What irrigation tools were invented by the former dynasty?

Health: The dumper was invented by Cao Wei and Ma Jun in the Three Kingdoms Period.

Teacher: Tang has a relatively advanced irrigation tool cart.

Which is more advanced? Why? Guide the students to carefully observe the illustrations in the textbook and draw the conclusion that the gondola car is more advanced because it is powered by water and automatically irrigates the fields, while the rollover is powered by people. )

4. Development of water conservancy

Teacher: What famous water conservancy projects were there in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties?

Health: Warring States Period-Dujiangyan, Zheng Guoqu; Qin-Lingqu

Western Han-Liu Fu Canal and Baiqu Canal.

Teacher: Agricultural development has been inseparable from water since ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, water conservancy was built in one area, a series of irrigation canals were dug in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, and old canals and weirs were built. In order to make full use of water, the Water Law was specially promulgated.

Second, exquisite handicrafts.

1. Silk industry

The silk weaving industry in the Tang Dynasty was very developed, and the silk weaving technology was exquisite. There are many kinds of silk fabrics, such as silk, silk, brocade, yarn, silk and so on. Teachers can briefly introduce the characteristics of various silk fabrics. )

The colors of silk fabrics in the Tang Dynasty are extremely rich. Someone has done chromatographic analysis on silk unearthed in Toulufan: there are five colors of red: silver red, water red, scarlet, crimson and crimson. There are as many as 24 colors.

2. Ceramic industry

Teacher: When did China pottery come into being?

Health: primitive society, Banpo clan.

Teacher: The ceramic industry in the Tang Dynasty reached a high level. Since the Tang dynasty, porcelain manufacturing and pottery manufacturing have been completely separated, forming an independent handicraft production department. Porcelain has replaced gold and silver wares and lacquerware as indispensable daily utensils, and famous porcelain-making caves have begun to appear. Some people describe it as: "If Xing porcelain is silver (white), it is more porcelain (white and bright) than Wu", and "If Xing porcelain is snow (white), it is more porcelain (white and transparent) than ice".

A new kind of pottery appeared in the Tang Dynasty-Tang Sancai, which is a kind of lead glazed pottery. Firstly, the ceramic embryo is made of clay, fired in a kiln, and then glazed for glaze firing. Due to the high temperature in the kiln, the lead glaze melts and permeates each other, forming white, yellow, green, brown and blue handicrafts, which are vivid and colorful.

Metal casting technology made great progress in the Tang Dynasty. Jiang Xinjing in Yangzhou is world-famous and has been a tribute since the Tang Dynasty. Modern archaeology has unearthed a lot of the tang dynasty bronze mirror, and the production is really exquisite. The unearthed gold and silver wares are extremely complicated and exquisite in manufacturing process, skilled in welding, and the weld is straight, so it is not easy to find the weld. It is particularly noteworthy that in plates, bowls and other devices

There are obvious cutting marks on everything. The thread is clear, the starting point and landing point are obvious, and some small gold boxes have strong concentricity and fine lines, indicating that a simple lathe was used at that time, and the power was still hand-pedaling, but it was the prototype of modern machine tools. This is an important invention in the history of China machinery industry.

Due to the economic development, some prosperous metropolises appeared in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu. Teachers can let students find the locations of these cities on the map. The main characteristics of these cities are large population and prosperous business.

Third, "Chang 'an Wanjia"

1. Urban layout

Teacher: Show the plan of Chang 'an, Tang Dou, and let the students analyze its layout characteristics.

Health: (answer)

Teacher: Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty followed the old system of Daxing City in Sui Dynasty, and it was built continuously, making it more magnificent. The layout of Chang 'an City has four characteristics: ① Palace, yamen, square and city are separated, and Miyagi is located in the middle of the north of the city, which is a palace area; To the south is the imperial city, where the central government office is located; Outer Guo Cheng guards the Imperial City and Miyagi from the east, west and south, which is the residential and commercial area for ordinary people and bureaucrats. Famous houses in residential areas, famous cities in commercial areas, branches of houses and cities. The palace area is located in the center of the north of the city, which obviously means that the emperor is "supreme and the south is king". ② East-west symmetry on both sides of the north-south axis of the city. (3) Chessboard Street is carefree and straight. The streets of Chang 'an are arranged in the north-south and east-west directions, perpendicular to each other, straight and upright, carefree and open-minded. (4) Closed squares and concentrated cities. The separation of city and square means the separation of people's residential areas and commodity trade areas. East and west cities are not small, each with thousands of shops, but there is a time limit for buying and selling, and Chang' an has a curfew.

2. Population and business

Chang 'an was the most populous city in China at that time, reaching one million.

The Tang Dynasty was a unified multi-ethnic country. Emperor Taizong's more enlightened national policy won national harmony, and a considerable number of ethnic minorities moved to Chang 'an. All ethnic groups in the border areas gathered in Chang 'an in various costumes, making Chang 'an the center of ethnic exchanges in China.

Chang 'an is also an international metropolis and the center of economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. According to the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty had contacts with more than 300 countries and regions, and a large number of foreign guests came to Chang 'an every year. The Tang government set up special institutions to receive foreign guests, set up translators and provide various conveniences. Many Arabs, businessmen and monks from Persia, India and Nanyang came to our country to do business and live.

Abstract: The social stability and the adjustment of ruling policies in the early Tang Dynasty were the premise of economic development, and then the economic development consolidated the political power of the Tang Dynasty, making it an unprecedented prosperity in the feudal society of China. The intelligence of the broad masses of working people has promoted the development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce, and is the creator of the material foundation in the prosperous times.