Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Hydropower Energy Saving Management in Colleges and Universities

Abstract: Hydropower is the foundation for the survival and development of colleges and universities, and it is also the main content of building an economical campus. Energy consumption expenditure of colleges and universities accounts for about1/7-110 of its total expenditure, which is one of the main components of running costs. Strengthening the management of hydropower energy conservation in colleges and universities can not only save energy consumption and reduce the cost of running a school, but also guide teachers and students to form the habit of saving, drive the formation of saving consciousness in the whole society and promote the construction of an economical society. This paper summarizes the common problems in hydropower management in colleges and universities, puts forward the measures to solve the problems, and verifies the feasibility of the measures through empirical research.

Paper Keywords: energy-saving universities, hydropower, management, system

First, the problems in the management of hydropower energy conservation in colleges and universities

(A lack of understanding of the significance of hydropower energy-saving management in colleges and universities.

1 is a saving measure of "saving energy and reducing the cost of running a school".

There are many kinds of hydropower facilities in colleges and universities, with high total energy consumption, high per capita energy consumption and great potential for saving. According to the statistical results of energy consumption of 45 colleges and universities in 2005, it is estimated that the total population of colleges and universities in China accounts for 4.4% of the total urban population, while the total water consumption of colleges and universities in China is 4.087 billion tons, accounting for 8./kloc-0.4% of the total domestic water consumption, and the water consumption will basically double. The per capita water consumption of 45 universities is 145.2 tons, which is 1.95 times of the national per capita domestic water consumption. By 20 10, the water consumption of college students will be reduced by 15%. According to the calculation of 23 million students, colleges and universities in China will save nearly 435 million tons of water every year, which is relative to the total domestic water consumption of a megacity with a population of 5 million. According to statistics, if hundreds of universities in Beijing take effective measures to save water and electricity, the annual water saving can exceed 12 times of the total water volume of Miyun Reservoir, the largest artificial lake in Asia, and the savings can reach more than 2 billion yuan. If nearly 1000 colleges and universities in China are built into "green universities", the annual water saving can reach 26 times of the water volume of Wuhan East Lake, the largest lake in China, and the saving can reach 2 1 100 million yuan. These data are enough to illustrate the significance of developing hydropower energy-saving management in colleges and universities.

2. It is an educational measure of "quantity is saving, quality is educating people".

At present, there are 260 million students in various schools in China. They are knowledgeable, active and agile, and accept Scientific Outlook on Development's civilized behavior of diligence and thrift the fastest. Carrying out hydropower energy-saving work in colleges and universities can not only save a lot of money for the school and save the cost of running a school, but also guide the teachers and students of the whole school to form and solidify the awareness of saving. More importantly, college students are an important carrier to spread the awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, and a powerful force to spread the concept of energy conservation among the people and society and set off a wave of energy conservation. There are more than 6 million college graduates every year. After graduation, these graduates walked into thousands of households and went to every job and corner of the whole society. They can be sown like green seeds in the north and south of the motherland, inside and outside the Great Wall, and become the main carrier of promoting the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection and the backbone of promoting social sustainable development. Carrying out energy-saving management of hydropower in colleges and universities is an initiative that contributes to the present and benefits the future!

3. The activity of "Green Home, Low Carbon Life" is the demonstration and leading measure of the whole society.

Saving energy and reducing emissions and building a "green university" are effective carriers for colleges and universities to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, and are the missions and responsibilities entrusted by the times. Colleges and universities take the lead in reducing energy consumption, reducing the use and consumption of water, coal, electricity, gas, land, materials and other resources, greatly reducing the emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, effectively promoting social environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, complementing the government's goals of creating a "low-carbon society" and promoting a "low-carbon economy", creating a blue sky, fresh and pleasant ecological environment and improving the environment.

(2) Lack of scientific and refined management.

There is a "tragedy of the commons" theory in economics: that is, the commons is public, everyone can use it, the income is their own, and the problem is everyone's. As long as their own interests can be realized, no one cares whether public resources are wasted or not.

At present, due to the lack of system in hydropower management in most colleges and universities, the beneficiaries of hydropower use are separated from those who bear the cost, which leads to the phenomenon of hydropower waste deduced from the theory of "tragedy of the commons" everywhere on campus. For example, the faucet is not turned off after washing, and the faucet is not tightened; When the bathroom is empty, the water is still flowing; Long-term greening and watering will "water" the flooded Jinshan; The leakage of underground pipe network is indifferent or helpless; Water pipe rupture is not reported and turned a deaf ear; Office workers do not turn off computers, monitors and printers after work; The light is still on when there is plenty of light during the day; In the student dormitory, "when people go to the lights, the water will flow forever"; The street lamp is not turned on within the specified time, and the construction water and electricity are wasted.

The root cause of these waste phenomena is the lack of systematicness, scientificity and refinement of management and unclear post responsibilities; Measurement, statistics and analysis are not detailed and timely; Inspection, guidance, supervision, assessment, reward and punishment mechanism is not implemented; Water and electricity costs are not linked to the interests of departments or individuals; Maintenance personnel, funds and materials are not in place, the procedures are complicated, and the efficiency is low. It not only caused great waste, but also brought bad influence.

(3) Lack of energy-saving transformation of new technologies and new products.

To achieve greater results in hydropower management, in addition to establishing a scientific management system, enhancing the sense of responsibility of managers and implementing refined management, it is also necessary to introduce new energy-saving technologies and products in time. According to statistics, at present, about 40% of the water and electricity saving efficiency in colleges and universities depends on science and technology saving. With the increasing use of water and electricity in colleges and universities, it is more necessary to use high-tech energy-saving means to replace the functions of monitoring, statistics, analysis and information transmission that cannot be completed manually. However, at present, colleges and universities generally lack sufficient knowledge and understanding of new technologies and new products of hydropower energy conservation, and the import quantity of energy-saving products is small, energy-saving technologies are backward and funds are insufficient, which not only restricts the rapid improvement of the management level of hydropower energy conservation in colleges and universities, but also becomes one of the bottlenecks for the further development and promotion of the reform of hydropower energy conservation management system in colleges and universities.

Second, measures and countermeasures to improve the management of hydropower energy conservation in colleges and universities

(1) Raise awareness, strengthen leadership and realize energy-saving policies.

First of all, leaders at all levels, especially the main leaders of universities, should fully realize the necessity and urgency of developing energy-saving management with hydropower as the main content in universities. From the perspective of scientific development and sustainable development, the goal of establishing a "green university" should be taken as a concrete measure to implement the energy conservation and emission reduction work of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Secondly, it is necessary to combine the needs of reform and development, take advantage of the opportunity of the current post setting in colleges and universities, and in the long run, set up a special energy-saving management institution, equipped with personnel who know how to manage well, master a skill, be enterprising and have a strong sense of responsibility, and give certain financial support to ensure the smooth development of energy-saving work in schools from the source.

(two) to promote the scientific and refined management of hydropower and save energy. "Without rules, there would be no Fiona Fang". The same is true of hydropower management. Without a scientific and clear management system, hydropower management will lose its "sword of respect", institutional support and "legal basis", and its level and effectiveness will be greatly reduced. At present, colleges and universities should first re-study and formulate hydropower management methods suitable for their own development, and make strict regulations on hydropower measurement, statistics, accounting, analysis, recovery, hydropower use procedures, and illegal handling, so as to truly make hydropower management have rules to follow and laws to follow, constantly standardize the operation order, establish the authoritative image of hydropower management departments, and promote the improvement of hydropower management level in schools.

2, improve the post responsibility system, improve post standards.

Implement strict post responsibility system in internal management, clarify post standards and norms, strengthen assessment, and strictly reward and punish. For example, in the job responsibilities of the metering post, it is necessary to clearly stipulate how often the water and electricity meters of each campus and each building are copied, and how to deal with abnormal situations; In the job responsibilities of accounting posts, it is necessary to clearly define the statistical analysis cycle and formulate a strict daily, weekly, monthly and annual report system. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive and systematic data analysis and comparison, and find out the abnormal consumption of hydropower pipe network in time; In the post responsibilities of hydropower operation management, it is required to draw the metering pipe network map, underground pipe network map and water facilities distribution map in time according to the dynamic changes of water meter installation, so as to provide detailed basic data for scientific statistical analysis in time. For emergency repair projects, it is necessary to arrange treatment at the first time to ensure that minor repairs will not last overnight, and arrange emergency projects for all-weather emergency repair; On the duty of patrol post, it is necessary to formulate students' water-saving and electricity-saving staff, teachers' water-saving and electricity-saving staff, property management companies and hydropower management departments, conduct daily patrol system for multiple rounds, and register and give feedback in time when the situation is found; In the job responsibilities of the leak detection post, it should be clearly stipulated that the whole school should regularly detect leaks, detect key parts at any time according to the inspection and data analysis, and feed back the leak detection situation to the hydropower operation management personnel in time, and arrange the construction team for maintenance in time.

3, vigorously promote the reform of energy management system in colleges and universities, and implement the management of hydropower planning indicators. It is necessary to regulate the use of hydropower through economic leverage, gradually establish a self-restraint and self-management energy consumption use mechanism of "whoever uses it manages it", enhance the awareness of running colleges and universities and teachers and students' awareness of energy conservation, develop good frugal habits and behaviors, and improve the efficiency of resource use. In the implementation of planned management, it is necessary to formulate a reasonable hydropower index system that conforms to the actual situation of colleges and universities, implement responsibilities, strengthen management, strictly assess, honor rewards and punishments, truly "guarantee supply and eliminate waste", and gradually establish and improve a long-term mechanism for building an economical campus.

In promoting the refined management of hydropower energy conservation, efforts should be made to "check, control, block and ensure", that is, to strengthen inspection and monitoring, timely stop plugging and timely maintenance, and earnestly achieve "no water leakage and no power consumption". Teachers and students should work together to make the hydropower management work detailed and thorough.

(three) to strengthen the use and promotion of new energy-saving technologies, new products and renewable energy, to achieve energy-saving technology.

Management energy saving must be combined with technical energy saving in order to get twice the result with half the effort. Colleges and universities must strengthen the research on new energy-saving technologies and products in various fields, choose effective energy-saving schemes, and promote the improvement of energy-saving effects. For example, for classrooms, libraries and other departments with relatively concentrated electricity consumption, energy savers can be installed to achieve the purpose of saving electricity; The lamps used in public classrooms can be replaced by energy-saving lamps to achieve the purpose of energy saving; Lighting induction control devices can be installed for public corridor lighting to reduce opening time; For campus street lamps, energy can be saved by voltage reduction, rectification, interval control and timely adjustment of switching time. For public toilets, cartoon intelligent credit card metering system can be used to achieve high efficiency and water saving; Modern professional water-saving cleaning equipment can be used to reduce cleaning water consumption.

In the aspect of renewable energy utilization, the reclaimed water recovery device can be installed in the public toilets of student apartments to realize the secondary utilization of wastewater; You can invest in related equipment to deal with natural rainwater and sewage discharge for toilet flushing and greening, and reduce the use of fresh water.

With the rapid development of network, communication, machinery and other technologies, colleges and universities can try to establish an intelligent monitoring platform for energy consumption, find out the damage of pipe network in time, put an end to unreasonable hydropower behavior, improve service efficiency, reduce labor costs, and truly realize technical energy saving.

In order to solve the problems of new technology, new products and funds, colleges and universities can completely adopt the "contract energy management mode" currently implemented in the State Council, and use market means to promote the rapid solution of energy-saving problems in colleges and universities. Governments at all levels and enterprise service departments should fully understand the significance of implementing contract energy management and developing energy-saving service industry, take practical and effective measures, create a good policy environment, and promote the rapid development of energy-saving service industry in colleges and universities.

Thirdly, the practice and effect of strengthening hydropower energy-saving management in colleges and universities are studied empirically.

Huaihai Institute of Technology is an ordinary undergraduate college built in Lianyungang by 1985 to speed up the development of northern Jiangsu. The school is currently at

It mainly implements the management of one school and three districts, covers an area of more than 2,000 mu, and has nearly 20,000 students. In recent years, school leaders attach great importance to water-saving work, and often hold dean's office meetings every year to study water-saving and electricity-saving work. In recent years, in the case of relatively tight school funds, we insist on increasing investment and combining the actual situation of water facilities to carry out technical transformation and innovation. From 2006 to 2009, we invested more than 2.6 million yuan in the renovation of hydropower facilities and the purchase and installation of water-saving products, and achieved good savings. In 2009, in order to create a "provincial water-saving university", the school held a special discussion meeting of the president's office, led by the president in charge, set up a leading group for the creation, issued an implementation plan for the creation, decomposed the creation tasks, and set up special funds for the relevant preparatory work during the creation process. In order to effectively strengthen hydropower management, the school upgraded the original hydropower department-level unit to the deputy department-level unit of the hydropower management center, and equipped a special person to be responsible for hydropower management. Under the leadership of the Party Committee of the school, the hydropower management department pays close attention to system construction, strengthens scientific and refined management, implements post responsibility system, implements strict plan and index management, strengthens facility renovation, vigorously introduces energy-saving new products and technologies, enriches publicity forms, and increases education. In a short time, the school's hydropower management was completely new and immediate. In 2008, the water and electricity cost was saved by nearly one million yuan compared with the previous year, and the per capita water and electricity saving rate reached 65,438. In 2009, on the basis of saving in 2008, 700,000 yuan of water and electricity was saved again, and the average water and electricity saving rate reached 16. 1%. In two years, we saved nearly 2 million yuan in water and electricity, and the average water and electricity saving rate reached 34.7%.