What are the characteristics of Beijing Hutong?

Question 1: What are the characteristics of Beijing Hutong? The vast majority of hutongs in Beijing are due east and west, due south and due north, which constitute an extraordinary Beijing city, which also shows that the ancient city of Beijing was carefully planned and built according to the chessboard blueprint. Moreover, because the houses are all quadrangles facing south, they are arranged side by side to form hutongs, so there are many hutongs in the east-west direction and few in the north-south direction. This kind of planning draws lessons from the construction experience of imperial capitals in past dynasties, and embodies the traditional characteristics of building cities in China in past dynasties.

Question 2: What are the characteristics of hutongs in Beijing? There is an old saying in old Beijing: "There are 360 famous hutongs, and there are many unknown hutongs." In fact, there are more than 360 famous hutongs in Beijing, and the deep alleys all over the city are really a dime a dozen.

Most of them are due east and west, due south and due north, forming a very square Beijing city, which also shows that the ancient city of Beijing was carefully planned and built according to the chessboard blueprint. Moreover, because the houses are all quadrangles facing south, they are arranged side by side to form hutongs, so there are many hutongs in the east-west direction and few in the north-south direction. This kind of planning draws lessons from the construction experience of imperial capitals in past dynasties, and embodies the traditional characteristics of building cities in China in past dynasties.

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Question 3: What are the characteristics of Beijing Hutong in Hutong culture? First, Beijing Hutong is not only the vein of the city and the main road of traffic, but also the place where ordinary people in Beijing live and an important stage for the development and evolution of Beijing's history and culture. It records the historical changes. At first glance, the hutongs in Beijing are all gray walls and tiles, which look the same. Actually, it is not. As long as you are willing to make some efforts to string together several hutongs, and then chat with the old residents there for a while, you will find that each hutong has a leader, has its own stories, legendary experiences, anecdotes and stories, has the style of the times, and has a strong cultural atmosphere, like a folk museum, which has branded people's various social lives. Strolling through it, there are places of interest everywhere, just like an encyclopedia of Beijing. Many hutongs have a history of hundreds of years. Hutong quadrangles, large and small, can help us understand the life of Beijing residents, including their lifestyle, interests and neighborhood relations.

Second, Hutong is an ancient urban hutong unique to Beijing. Hutong was originally Mongolian, which is a small street. Due to the strict planning of urban construction in ancient Beijing, hutongs are relatively straight and dotted, with more than 7,000 * * * names, some of which are named after characters, such as Wen Prime Minister Hutong; Some are named after markets and commodities, such as Goldfish Hutong; Some of them are named in Beijing dialect, such as Huluguan Hutong. The longest hutong in Beijing is the east-west Jiao Min Hutong, with a total length of 6.5 kilometers. The shortest one-foot street is no more than ten meters long; The narrowest alley is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area of Qianmen, which is only 0.7 meters wide. People who are a little fatter have to hold their breath before they can pass. In Beijing, there are thousands of hutongs around the Forbidden City, most of which were formed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China's history.

Thirdly, most of the hutongs in Beijing were formed in the Yuan Dynasty in the13rd century, and have experienced hundreds of years of evolution and development. The direction of Beijing Hutong is mostly due east and west, and the width is generally only nine meters. They are strung together like a piece of tofu, square, not crooked or oblique. Almost all the buildings in Hutong are quadrangles. Siheyuan is a kind of building surrounded by four houses in the form of square symmetry. Large and small quadrangles are arranged next to each other, and the middle passage is hutong.

Although hutongs are similar in appearance, they have different characteristics. In the west of Beijing, there is an alley called Jiudaowan, because an alley takes nine turns. If a celebrity once lived in some hutongs, then this hutong will be named after this person, such as Shilaoniang Hutong and Wangcobbler Hutong. Other hutongs are named after shapes, such as Yangwei Hutong and Erduoyan Hutong, which sounds so vivid. There are countless hutongs in Beijing. Isn't there a saying like this: "The famous hutongs are 3.6 thousand, and the nameless hutongs are a dime a dozen?" Many hutongs have a history of hundreds of years.

Question 4: What are the characteristics of old Beijing Hutong? 65438+February 6th 09: 15 Hutong was first seen in Yuan Zaju. In Guan Hanqing's "Single Knife Meeting", there is a saying of "bloody alley". In the Yuan drama Salmon Island, Zhang Sheng Boiled the Sea, Zhang Yu asked Xiang Mei, "Where do you live?" Xiang Mei said, "My family lives in Zhuantar Hutong." Zhuanta Hutong is in Xisi South Street, and the place name has not changed. It is clearly stated in Yuan Xiong Meng Xiang's Analysis of Golden Branches: "The word Hutong." Where is the dialect? This belongs to the Yuan Dynasty. Amin Shen Bang further said in Wan Bu Zaji: The primitive language of Hutong people. Since it is a metalanguage, it cannot be Chinese. In the Yuan Dynasty, people were divided into four categories: Mongolians, Semu people, * *, and southerners. The so-called * * * refers to the * * *, Nuzhen, Khitan and Korean people in the north. These four people are not of the same nationality and do not speak the same language. Then "Yuan dialect" is definitely not "Nan dialect". As for semu people, it includes more ethnic groups. Therefore, "Yuan people's language" can only be Mongolian.

Second, hutongs are closely related to wells.

Some scholars believe that Hutong is a "breakthrough pattern"-a well transformation. The author agrees with this view. Because from the reality of metropolis, the relationship between hutong and well is closer.

Let's talk about the formation of hutong. Most of the Yuan Dynasty was built from a wilderness. Its central axis is drawn by water, and most palaces are built by the sea. Then other streets, squares and residential areas must take the location of the well into account when designing and planning. Either dig a well before building a house, or set the location of the well in advance before planning the layout of the courtyard. In either case, it is "a well becomes a lane." Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were wells in every hutong, which is beyond doubt.

Look at the name of the hutong. The causes of the name of Beijing Hutong are nothing more than the following: named after temples, organs and government agencies, named after construction sites and workshops, named after houses and people, named after markets, and so on. However, the largest number is named after wells, and there are only ten "Jinger Hutong"; Plus big wells, small wells, east, west, north, south, front and back wells, dry wells, wet wells, sweet wells and bitter wells ... no less than forty or fifty. Thus, hutong and well are closely related.

The old Beijingers said, "The famous hutong is 360, and there are many unknown hutongs."

The grandfather in the alley is called "Sanmiao Street", which is said to have a history of 900 years. A hundred years later, I met several emperors and courtiers, who experienced ups and downs and failures. A hundred years of wind and frost, a hundred years of vicissitudes, is now just an inconspicuous street.

The narrowest hutong is called Qianshi Hutong, and the narrowest place is only 40 cm, which is located in Dashilan area outside Qianmen. Jiudaowan is the one with the most bends, with more than 20 bends. If you can't be confused, it's really good for you!

Hutongs in Beijing are like dense blood vessels all over the city. How many hutongs are there in Beijing? The old Beijingers said, "The famous hutong is 360, and there are many unknown hutongs." According to recent statistics, there are more than 6,000 streets, lanes and hutongs in Beijing, and 1300 of them are directly called hutongs. Connect these hutongs, big and small, and it is the Great Wall of Wan Li.

Who is the oldest grandpa in many hutongs? From Xuanwu Gate to the west, through the noisy Guohua Shopping Mall, you will see an inconspicuous hutong DD Sanmiao Street. The history of Sanmiao Street can be traced back to the Liao Dynasty more than 900 years ago, when its name was "Tanzhou Street". The old site of Beijing has undergone several changes, and the streets and lanes have been transformed into the sea, but it has always been an alley, which has experienced glory and sorrow and gradually become dull.

Friends who are familiar with Yuan Zaju may still remember Xiang Mei in the drama "Salmon Island and Zhang Sheng Boiling the Sea": "My family lives in Zhuaner Hutong." This brick pagoda hutong has been called for more than 700 years, and it is still in Xisi South Street today. The blue brick building named after the hutong still stands at the intersection, becoming a scene of bustling streets.

Hutongs in Beijing are different in width, wide and bright, narrow and deep. Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area outside Qianmen is the narrowest hutong, and the narrowest place in the middle is only 40 cm. Fat friends had better make a detour here, because whether it is straight or horizontal, they may be stuck there. Hutongs are mostly straight, but there are also twists and turns. There is a Jiudaowan Hutong (now divided into five lanes) near Beixinqiao. After more than twenty turns, you can turn left and right when you walk inside, and you won't get lost in Beijing Hutong.

After hundreds of years of wind and rain, Hutong is a symbol of the life history of old Beijingers. Today, it occupies the main area of the city center, one-third of the population lives in the urban area, and many residents in the hutong still remain ...

Question 5: What is a major feature of Beijing Hutong? It is dilapidated, full of dangerous buildings, and the environment is dirty, which is a typical village in the city and slum. . . Hutong is a residential area, not the Forbidden City. No one has specially repaired it for decades. Any building has a service life. After decades of wind and rain, it will naturally run down and even become a dangerous building. This is normal.

Since the 1960s, with the rapid increase of population, most of the original bungalow patterns in hutongs have been destroyed. Simply put, it is to build houses everywhere in the yard, with partitions in the master bedroom and a variable room. At present, most hutong courtyards are miscellaneous courtyards, and the living area of single-family houses is more than ten square meters.

After the reform and opening up, many people moved out of Hutong bungalows, because the living facilities in Hutong were relatively backward, and the living area was small and inconvenient. Vacant houses are used for rent, so many hutongs have more people from other places than locals. There are more people coming, and the fragile and backward basic living facilities are even more overwhelmed, which leads to the untimely garbage cleaning in hutong, the cross-flow of sewage and the generally dirty environment.

In fact, most of Beijing's hutongs have no reserved value, because this form of living is no longer suitable for contemporary life. Hutong roads are narrow, and houses are mostly brick and wood structures. Once a fire breaks out, the consequences will be more serious, and fire engines can't even get in. There is no fire hydrant in the alley, so there is no way to save it. Moreover, medical first aid, property management, life business circle and public security are relatively divorced from the contemporary era. Might as well tear it down.