On the Economic Management Trend of Urban Landscaping?

On the Economic Management Trend of Urban Landscaping? The following is a detailed introduction of Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

I. Characteristics of the Times In recent years, the area of urban green space in China has grown rapidly, namely 1.998, 1.999 and 2000, respectively, increasing by 9.65, 438+0.4, 9.58 and 8.95 percentage points over the previous year, which is close to the growth rate of the national economy. This achievement is attributed to the improvement of the national awareness of environmental protection and greening the motherland; National laws and regulations list greening construction as the responsibility of governments at all levels and stipulate it as the obligation of all walks of life and citizens; In urban and rural construction, greening is listed as one of the construction projects that must be carried out simultaneously. Generally speaking, under the control of national laws and regulations, greening and economic development have formed a situation of mutual promotion and mutual foundation. In the process of greening development, the structure of urban green space system has changed. China Urban Construction Statistics Annual Report shows that among urban green spaces, public green spaces account for 15.8% ~ 16.95%, parks account for 9.8% ~ 10. 1%, and those outside the landscape architecture department account for1.6544. Nursery occupies 3.67% of urban green space, of which 40.58% ~ 59.38+06% belongs to other departments of landscape architecture. Today's greening practice is more colorful than any previous period, with not only quantitative changes, but also qualitative changes. Due to the evolution of greening pattern, the following new industrial characteristics have been formed: (1) The function of green space has changed from leisure sightseeing to environmental function; (2) The management scope mainly ranges from unit management within the administrative series to urban and rural greening tree management for the whole society; (3) The investment in greening construction has changed from a single government channel to a diversified investment subject; (4) Green production changes from planned management to market operation; (5) The functions of government departments have changed from administrative orders to legal supervision; (6) Greening construction and economic development and construction are in a complementary position. The situation calls for management theories and strategies that conform to the characteristics of the times. 2. Industrialization and balance of rights and interests 2. 1 Urban greening is a new environmental industry. The construction process, functional requirements and business purposes of urban greening are different from those of forestry, but they are all components of production and construction, one based on materials and the other on environmental protection. Urban greening is an investment in social environmental capital, and its economic returns are various and very rich. The demand for gardens in cities is divided into two aspects: one is as infrastructure; The second is as a leisure facility. The former should be provided to all citizens by municipal authorities as public products, while the latter can be provided to some citizens as legal products by legal entities. (1) The greening materials put into greening construction will continuously improve the quality of materials and accumulate wealth for the society under reasonable maintenance. According to the evaluation of Baosteel's green space resources and the estimation of ecological community construction, the greening value of Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel General Factory is 2.3 times of the total investment of construction cost and maintenance management fee. While the quality of greening materials accumulates, it plays an increasingly important role in environmental benefits. Its function is to optimize environmental quality and improve people's living standards, and form a weight to enhance the value of cities and communities. (2) The environmental function of greening is a potential productivity, which is integrated in the whole process of social production. As an important environmental capital, it is one of the guarantee conditions for sustainable development. In many cities and communities, there has been a chain reaction of "attracting investment with green, prospering the city with green". Due to environmental improvement and landscaping, investors and tourists are attracted and the economy is prosperous. In some cities, the input-output ratio has reached a high value of 1∶5. One-time investment has benefited for a long time, and it has embarked on the road of mutual promotion and coordinated development of environment and economy. Visionary builders and developers, in order to adapt to the fashion that people care about the environment and choose "green life", consciously invest land and funds to build green space, which has become a hot spot of decision-making. Because of the greening environment, rising house prices and hot sales of real estate, there is an inseparable "economic wave" between greening and the property market. (3) The "economic wave" formed by urban greening permeates all aspects of social economy and people's life. Combining with urban construction projects to carry out greening construction and "demolishing houses for greening" in densely populated and crowded areas is a big investment for the country and the construction unit. However, the economic driving force of greening construction involves many economic fields. First of all, it improves the environmental quality, enhances the regional property value, improves the living conditions and benefits the people; Stimulated the real estate market, financial market, decoration market, building materials market, labor market and handling market. In addition to the direct benefit of investors, it also plays a great role in stimulating the social economy. As long as comprehensive accounting is carried out, its economic benefits will greatly exceed the investment. Due to the inducement of economic benefits, the "greening consciousness" of investors has been improved, and the consciousness and initiative of greening construction have been promoted. 2.2 The balance of rights and interests is worth exploring the environmental benefits of urban greening. Regardless of the region, investors and non-investors can enjoy it in a balanced way without restriction in the natural space, thus forming the universal characteristics of environmental benefits. As taxpayers, it is reasonable for citizens to enjoy the environmental benefits brought by greening. When some economic subjects benefit from economic activities because of the greening environment of the city, they do not need to pay the price through the market, and the externality of greening economic benefits is formed. For those units that do not undertake their due greening construction tasks according to law or fail to reach the legal greening amount, they actually occupy social and environmental resources. Such units should be based on environmental assessment and measurement, and make compensation to the society. Only by transforming the external economic cost into internalization can we mobilize the consciousness and initiative of greening construction from the height of interest-driven. Similarly, some units that meet or exceed the statutory targets in environmental greening construction according to law have invested land and funds and made contributions to the urban green space system. They are producers of urban environmental quality. It is more reasonable for the government to give preferential treatment to such units in tax burden. However, at present, the environmental benefits of greening are still in a state of knowing but not evaluating or evaluating but not measuring. The benefits of greening in most units still remain at the level from concept to concept. At present, some pioneers have evaluated and calculated the economic benefits of greening and achieved good results. For example, Shanghai Baosteel General Factory found that the economic value of environmental benefits is 1 1.26 times that of greening investment (according to Baosteel's Study on Green Space Resources Evaluation and Ecological Community Construction). From the requirements of deepening urban greening management, the evaluation and measurement of economic benefits of greening environment should be carried out from the legal system and management. At the beginning of the work, this measure should be simplified, from coarse to fine, and gradually promoted, so as to more specifically reflect the economic benefits of greening. This is an important measure to establish the nature and status of urban greening and promote the development of greening. 3. The legal construction of greening management is the construction of management ability. The starting point of legal system construction is to transform urban greening planning objectives into specific tasks in the form of legislation and implement them in various social and economic activities. The authority of administrative organs is endowed by law, and the behavior of managers can only be regulated within the scope of law, and the legal system is the criterion for implementing management. People often say, "If leaders attach importance to it, everything will be easy." But compared with the legal system, "managing green according to law" is the fairest, most lasting and most authoritative management. In many laws and regulations of our country, some provisions have been made to ensure the development of urban greening. However, with the development of market economy and the promotion of urban greening, some problems in implementation and management are worth re-discussing. According to the market economic system and the new stage of urban greening, the urgency of "managing greening according to law" has increased, and the development of greening needs legal protection. At present, we should clean up the influence of the planned economic system. On the basis of the Regulations on Urban Greening, the effective policies and measures since the reform and opening up have been fixed in legal form, and the laws and regulations that are incompatible with the market economy and China's accession to the WTO have been revised. At least the following issues should be studied: (1) Facing the characteristics of greening socialization, the position of greening construction in economic and social development should be established; (2) Facing the reality of increasing the area and improving the quality of green space, establishing the legal guarantee for the development and maintenance of greening in the whole society; (3) For the newly developed greening industry, the market order should be regulated according to law, and the corresponding intermediary mechanism and supervision mechanism should be established. 4. Several management strategy issues 4. 1 Strengthening the maintenance of the seriousness of the "green line" Delineation of the "green line" is a forward-looking measure to realize greening planning, and maintaining the "green line" is more important than delineating the "green line". Today's "demolition and greening project" is a great achievement of contemporary people, but it takes several times or dozens of times of investment to reshape the environment. We cannot ignore the lessons of the past. We should swallow the bitter fruit of history with some helplessness, and don't leave hidden dangers for future generations because of the tolerance now. We should strictly abide by the planning, proceed from the legal system, maintain the seriousness of the "green line" like the "red line", control new buildings and structures, and formulate legal measures such as land transfer, land borrowing and house demolition. 4.2 Adjust the agricultural production structure and coordinate the greening development. Nowadays, urban greening is a systematic project covering urban and rural areas, and both the near suburbs and the outer suburbs have been included in the urban greening system planning. Adjusting the agricultural production structure, taking the measures of combining greening with production and developing diversified management are the basic measures for the large-scale development of urban-rural integration green space. Looking back on the history of human production, greening and planting trees has always been a means to survive, enrich the people and strengthen the country. Developing greening is the only way to open up the road for agricultural producers to get rich. In terms of legal system construction and greening management, we should study and solve the support policies in terms of capital investment, cooperative management, land use and agricultural taxation. 4.3 Legalization of conservation and management All green spaces and trees in the city, no matter who owns them, are part of the greening system. Doing a good job in the maintenance and management of all green spaces and trees to make them grow sturdily is the key to bring greening benefits into play, improve the level of urban greening and consolidate greening achievements, which is equally important to development. The laws and regulations of China stipulate that even the owners of green space and trees are not allowed to damage trees or erode green space. With the development of greening to the present level, it is necessary to list green space, trees, conservation and management as the responsibilities of owners in the form of legislation. There are many precedents for urban greening management abroad. It is necessary to formulate different maintenance quality standards, implement the responsibility of maintenance management to units and citizens, and establish reward and punishment laws and regulations. At the same time, set up green environmental protection enterprises and develop green environmental protection market. Implementing intensive management to serve social greening and conservation. 4.4 Technical guarantee of greening benefits Urban greening benefits come from functions, and functions come from the quantity and quality of green spaces. Environmental benefits and social benefits are based on plants. Excessive construction of pavilions, pavilions, rockeries, luxury hard paving, investment and income are inversely proportional. In the rapid development of greening construction, we should formulate green quantity index and building restriction index to ensure the effectiveness of greening from the technical policy. 5. The market positioning only takes the national garden city standard as an example. To meet its basic requirements, the land to be invested is close to 1/3 of the urban land area, and no industry in the city has invested so much land. In urban infrastructure construction and civil construction, greening investment accounts for a considerable proportion. Urban greening industry is developing vigorously in the wave of market economy. The whole society's investment in greening construction and citizens' consumption of greening are realized through the market. Related enterprises of various ownership forms a colorful greening market. These include: planning and design, science and technology, greening construction, greening material production, mechanical fertilizer production, greening maintenance and sightseeing services. Tens of millions of enterprises seek survival and development in the competition, and the original planned economic system has been replaced by the market system. Take the supply and marketing of greening materials in Shanghai as an example. In the greening project, the number of seedlings provided by state-owned nurseries is insufficient110. It is meaningless to take the self-sufficiency rate of seedlings as an assessment index. The production of greening materials is not limited by ownership and region, and can be freely selected according to land rent, labor price, ecological environment, technical conditions and transportation costs. The business field of greening industry has developed to inside and outside the city, inside and outside the province and abroad. Especially after China's entry into the WTO, it is necessary to establish market rules in line with international trade and bring business activities into the track of international laws and practices. There are thousands of legal persons engaged in greening industry, distributed in various industries and regions, with different ownership and management methods. Their business results are an integral part of social and economic achievements. Their honest management, production quality and technical level are all reflected in the quality and cost of urban greening to varying degrees. Under the market economy system, it is impossible and should not be directly managed by government departments. In order to obtain ideal market effect, maintain market order and ensure the healthy development of greening industry, the government should guide the operation of the market with corresponding industrial policies, development plans and development plans, and regulate market behavior with laws and regulations, so as to make the business direction, development scale and resource allocation of the industry meet the needs of urban greening development strategy. In this case, there is an urgent need to establish industry organizations and strengthen industry management objectively. The so-called trade organization is a non-governmental organization voluntarily established by a legal person. Its purpose is to communicate the relationship between the government and legal persons, strengthen industry self-discipline and implement relevant government laws and regulations. As administrative managers, government departments, through industry organizations, widely absorb opinions and reflections from all sides, making decisions more realistic and conducive to the smooth implementation of government decrees. At the same time, industry organizations represent the interests of legal persons according to law, enhance their ability to safeguard their own interests, and promote the coordinated development of the industry. 6. Two Hot Spots of System Reform 6. 1 Parks and all kinds of public green spaces built by the state for public welfare and enterprise management are the infrastructure of the city, and the ownership belongs to the state. The purpose of their construction is to improve the environmental quality and enrich the cultural life of citizens. It is a non-profit organization and takes social benefits as the criterion of all business activities. Citizens are taxpayers and should be served by public welfare undertakings. In the reform of economic system, parks, public green spaces and other institutions have separated ownership and management rights. Under the premise that the state ownership remains unchanged, the operators with the qualification of enterprise legal person shall undertake the maintenance and management tasks of parks and public green spaces, and the investment in maintenance and management fees shall be approved according to the agreed workload, quality and cost quota. Through bidding, determine the enterprises that undertake the maintenance and management tasks. Enterprises undertaking maintenance management implement enterprise management, which are two different concepts from the nature of parks and public green spaces, and cannot be confused. As for the source of protection and management funds, it should mainly come from local finance. As for the basis of funding, it is necessary to change the past situation of per capita funding and change "supporting people with fees" to "supporting things with fees", which is a great progress in the greening management system. Parks, public greening income, the implementation of two lines of revenue and expenditure, in order to receive fixed support. The nature of public welfare undertakings in parks and public green spaces cannot be changed. 6.2 Changing the functions and concepts of government departments is the key to changing functions. It is necessary to clean up the old ideas, ways and habits of administrative management, adjust the management system according to the principle of separating government from enterprise and separating government affairs, and get rid of those things that should not be managed, can not be managed and can not be managed well. From focusing on micro-management to macro-management, the main energy is spent on the formulation and implementation of greening planning, monitoring and guidance of greening market, formulation, revision and implementation of greening laws and regulations, scientific and technological development and personnel training. In the scope of management, we should shift from focusing on the management within the administrative sequence to the management of green space and trees in the whole society. In terms of management means, direct management has changed to indirect management, and intermediary organizations such as market management, bidding management, quality management and project supervision have been gradually established. Give play to the guidance, coordination, service and supervision functions of urban greening.

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