What was Hong Kong like before the reunification?

The historical evolution of Hong Kong in prehistoric times.

Before Britain established a colony called Hong Kong, there was no concept of "Hong Kong", so the previous history was attached to the history of Lingnan or Hong Kong. As early as five or six thousand years ago, there were human activities in Hong Kong. Firstly, it introduces the culture of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the coastal culture of Southeast Asia, the bronze culture of Yin and Shang Dynasties and the ancient Yue culture. Neolithic settlements and painting workshops have been found in many places in the New Territories and Lantau Island. [13] In the first 2 14 years (the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang), the Qin Dynasty sent troops to pacify Baiyue, established Nanhai County, and formally incorporated Hong Kong into the territory. In 736 (twenty-four years of Tang Kaiyuan), Hong Kong belonged to Zhou Xun (now Huizhou) and set up Tunjun Town. [14] Among them, 2,000 soldiers were stationed in Tuen Mun to protect maritime trade. Since the Tang Dynasty (from moving to the sea to the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty), the soil in the paradise (now Shatian) and Shaluo Bay of Daxi Mountain (now Lantau Island) in Hong Kong is suitable for the growth of Achyranthes bidentata, and the cultivation and production of incense have gradually developed. According to research [15], the products of fragrant trees in southern Dongguan and Xin 'an (including Hong Kong) in Ming Dynasty were transported by land to Tsim Sha Tsui (now Tsim Sha Tsui), then by ship to Shipai Bay (now Aberdeen), then by ship commonly known as "big-eyed chicken" to Guangzhou, and then to Suzhou and Hangzhou for sale. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, due to the rich pearl resources in Tai Po (now Tai Po), Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty set up an official pearl farm in 963, which was called Mei Chuan Capital. In 19971year (the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty), an official Futian was established in Kowloon Bay (now Guantang) and stationed in Yantian. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Min, a Song Duanzong, and Zhao Min, a Min, were forced to flee to Hongkong by the Yuan Army. It is said that they once rested on a big stone in To Kwa Wan, which was later called Songwangtai. 15 14 (Zheng dejiu of Ming dynasty), Portuguese troops arrived and captured Tuen Mun. 152 1 year (in the 16th year of Zheng De), the Ming army went to war against Portugal, which was known as the Tuen Mun naval battle in history and won a great victory. In the early Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County. In order to prevent coastal residents from helping Zheng Chenggong, the late Ming dynasty, the Qing court ordered the relocation of the sea in 1662 (the first year of Kangxi), and the sea ban was implemented, which seriously affected Hong Kong. Later, Governor Wang Lairen of Guangdong and Governor Zhou Youde of Guangdong requested the resumption of the boundary, and the court banned it in 1669 (the eighth year of Kangxi). The original clans moved back one after another, and foreign clans moved in one after another, and a new situation of clan distribution in the New Territories gradually formed. [ 16][ 17]

Early British rule

1840 Shortly after the Opium War broke out, Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty changed from the main battle to the main peace, and sent an imperial envoy Qishan to Guangzhou to negotiate with the British army. 184 1 year 1 month, Qishan, without the knowledge of the Qing court and the British government, drafted the draft convention on nasal piercing with the game law, and announced that it had reached a preliminary agreement with Qishan in the letter to your subjects issued by the game law on June 20, 65438 [/kloc-0] However, because the Qing court and the British political and economic circles thought it was an act of humiliation and the profits were too small, the two sides did not recognize the existence of the draft convention on wearing noses, but the British army did not withdraw from Hong Kong Island. Until 1842, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by the British Empire in the First Opium War, and the treaty of nanking was signed with Britain the following year, which formally ceded Hong Kong Island and its adjacent Ap Lei Chau to Britain. 1860, the Qing court was defeated by the British and French allied forces again, and was forced to sign the Beijing Treaty, ceding the southern part of Kowloon Peninsula and the adjacent Stonecutters Island to Britain. At that time, the new boundary of Kowloon Peninsula was only separated by short barbed wire, which is on today's Boundary Street. 1898, Britain and the Qing court signed a series of lease treaties, such as the Special Provisions on Expanding the Hong Kong Border, and leased more than 200 outlying islands in the northern part of Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories and its vicinity, with the exception of Kowloon Castle, for 99 years. This series of leases and transfers formed the boundary of Hong Kong today.

British colonial rule in Hong Kong

The establishment of British government in Hong Kong is an important part of British colonial rule in Hong Kong. 1On June 26th, 843, Britain used the exchange of notes in treaty of nanking to declare Hong Kong a British "crown colony" and appointed Pu Dingcha as the first governor of Hong Kong. The British Hong Kong government was established. The Governor, also known as the Governor, is the person who assumes the responsibility of the highest head in the British Hong Kong government. According to the Letters Patent, the fundamental law of British colonial rule over Hong Kong, the emperor is the supreme ruler of Hong Kong, and the governor is the emperor's plenipotentiary. There are four systems under the Governor, which constitute the British rule in Hong Kong: (1) the Advisory Executive Council and the Legislative Council, (2) the executive body headed by the Chief Secretary, (3) the judicial body headed by the Chief Justice, and (4) the British troops stationed in Hong Kong under the command of the British Ministry of Defence. In addition, an independent Anti-Corruption Commission (ICAC) was established. The Executive Council and the Legislative Council are two important institutions to assist the Governor in exercising his functions and powers. The principal officials of the British Hong Kong Government also include the Chief Secretary, the Financial Secretary and the Department of Justice. British troops stationed in Hong Kong are an important force for Britain to maintain its colonial rule over Hong Kong. Since Britain occupied Hong Kong through self-improvement, it has maintained a relatively stable number of troops in Hong Kong, about 1 10,000, including three services. The legal and judicial system originated from Britain is an important means for Britain to govern Hong Kong. Britain not only colonized Hong Kong politically, but also ensured the privileged position of the British-funded consortium in Hong Kong economically. British consortium refers to the British capital consortium based in Hong Kong, mainly including HSBC consortium, Swire consortium and Jardine Matheson consortium. Most British-funded consortia started their businesses earlier and have been involved in the Hong Kong economy for a long time. They have a close relationship with the British Hong Kong government and have a great influence on the policies of the British Hong Kong government. Relying on the support of the Hong Kong government, they control the economic lifeline of Hong Kong. For example, HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank owned by the British have the privilege of issuing Hong Kong dollars; Cable & Wireless, through its subsidiaries, Cable & Wireless Hong Kong and Hong Kong Telephone Company, monopolized the external communication, telephone and telecommunications services in Hong Kong. British real estate companies own a lot of real estate in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong people say, "The Jockey Club, Jardine Matheson, HSBC and Government House actually rule Hong Kong." British colonial rule made the whole Hong Kong society full of colonialism.

Anti-Japanese should be emphasized

When the Sino-Japanese War broke out, the Japanese army landed in Guangdong on 1938, quickly occupied Guangzhou and its vicinity, and sent spies into Hong Kong to investigate the deployment position of the British army. 194 1 65438+February 8, 2008, a few hours after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, it simultaneously attacked Malaya, crossed the Shenzhen River and occupied Hong Kong. During this period, there were many fierce wars between Japan and Canada and between British and Indian armies. 12 On February 25th, due to the shortage of British troops stationed in Hong Kong, the then Governor of Hong Kong, Yang, announced his surrender to Japan, and began the Japanese rule in Hong Kong for three years and eight months. After Hong Kong regained its light, the British flag was once again raised in the Government House of Hong Kong. At that time, due to the resumption of civil war, the government of the Republic of China was unable to seek justice from the British government. Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) regime by China producer 1949, China and Britain reached an agreement on the Hong Kong issue: China has no intention to recover Hong Kong's sovereignty and will not interfere in the military and civilian activities of the National Government in Hong Kong in exchange for Britain's recognition of People's Republic of China (PRC).